BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental...BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental suicidal ideation among children with CHD and the associated factors.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among 50 parents of children with CHD who attended the Cardiac Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla.Information was obtained using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.RESULTS A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had anxiety symptoms(50.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(24.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.250,P=0.007).A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had suicidal ideation(28.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(8.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.775 P=0.009).A positive correlation was elicited between anxiety and suicide ideation,and this correlation was statistically significant(r=0.748,P<0.001).A positive correlation was elicited between depression and suicidal ideation scores,and this was statistically significant(r=0.617,P<0.001).CONCLUSION There is strong interconnectivity between anxiety and depression with suicidal ideation.There is an urgent need to start screening for the mental health of parents of children with CHD to avert the high propensity of complete suicide.In addition,policy makers may introduce a national clinical practice guideline on the importance of psychotherapy and mental health screening and targeted interventions for parents of children with CHD.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent popul...With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the deve...BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.展开更多
Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and t...Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and their parents.However,the underlying mechanisms that lead to parenting burnout remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting burnout,along with the serial mediation effect of social support and coping strategies in the context of families with autistic children.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 231 parents of autistic children in four autism facilities located in central Hubei province.Data were collected through the Parental Stress Index,Social Support Rating Scale,Simplified Coping Strategies Questionnaire,and Caregiver Burnout Assessment Questionnaire.Results:Parenting stress and burnout status were:72.3%of parents reported high-stress levels,16.9%experienced risks for parenting burnout,and 19.9%were currently experiencing burnout.Both social support and coping strategies played partial mediating roles in the relationship between parental stress and burnout,forming a serial mediation effect.Conclusion:Parenting stress is a risk factor for parenting burnout.Social support and coping strategies play a chain mediating role between parenting stress and parenting burnout,which may act as the underlying mechanisms.The study offers insights into potential intervention points for reducing parenting burnout.Future efforts are needed to devote to parenting stress,social support and coping strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of parents with autistic children.展开更多
Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be underm...Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.展开更多
Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a...Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 46 cases in each group.The former implemented basic preventive healthcare,while the latter simultaneously carried out parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare.The intervention results of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group had a higher awareness rate of family parenting knowledge and a higher formation rate of healthy behaviors,P<0.05.At the same time,parents’parenting anxiety scores were lower,and family health management ability scores were higher,P<0.05.Moreover,the observation group showed higher scores in children’s social skills,P<0.05.Conclusion:Parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare can effectively improve the status of child family parenting,and it is worthy of promotion and application.展开更多
Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring ...Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.展开更多
Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are li...Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are like this.They send their kids to many after-school classes—online,inperson,big groups,small groups,even one-on-one lessons!Some parents give their kids a lot of extra homework.Others make them take many exams,like Olympic Math,KET,and PET.It feels like we always have to get certifi cates or we'll fall behind.Studying hard can be good.展开更多
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress an...BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress and anxiety levels,which may further affect their children's educational outcomes.This prospective study examined the relationship between parental anxiety and academic performance of children with ADHD over a 6-year period.AIM To investigate the longitudinal impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with ADHD and explore the mediating and moderating factors over a 6-year follow-up period.METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2024,enrolling 118 children with ADHD(aged 6-12 years)and their parents from three specialized educational centers.Parental anxiety was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-4(PSI-4)and Parental Anxiety Scale.Children's academic performance was measured using the Academic Performance Questionnaire and standardized achievement tests.Assessments were conducted at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years.RESULTS Higher parental anxiety scores were significantly associated with poorer academic performance in children with ADHD(β=-0.42,P<0.001).Children of parents with clinically significant anxiety(PSI-4 scores>85th percentile)showed 1.2 standard deviations lower academic achievement than children of parents with normal anxiety levels.The relationship was partially mediated by parent-child interaction quality(indirect effect=-0.18,95%CI:-0.26 to-0.10)and homework supervision practices(indirect effect=-0.15,95%CI:-0.22 to-0.08).CONCLUSION Parental anxiety could significantly affect the academic outcomes of children with ADHD via multiple pathways.Interventions targeting parental mental health may improve the educational outcomes of children with ADHD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current statu...BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.展开更多
Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them mo...Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.展开更多
Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of a...Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.展开更多
Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental ch...Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-reg...BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.展开更多
Background Traditional genomic analysis relies on a single reference genome,which struggles to effectively characterize the genetic diversity among populations.This is due to the substantial genetic differences betwee...Background Traditional genomic analysis relies on a single reference genome,which struggles to effectively characterize the genetic diversity among populations.This is due to the substantial genetic differences between the genome of the studied species and the reference genome,potentially introducing reference bias.Results In this study,we focused on Guanzhong Black pigs(GZB),Danish Large White pigs(DLW),and their hybrid offspring,Qinchuan Black pigs(QCB).We provided two high-quality parental genomes at the chromosomal level and constructed a parental genomic reference panel to detect SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms),INDELs(insertions and deletions),and SVs(structural variations).Compared with the single-reference method,the integrated parental genomic strategy identified 5.48%more SNPs and 67.84%more INDELs.The uniformity of variant distribution and genome functional annotation remained consistent before and after integration,while the ratio of nonreference/non-reference genotypes was also improved.In population genetic structure analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)of the three variant types(SNPs,INDELs,and SVs)exhibited good clustering effects,and ADMIXTURE analysis demonstrated consistent stratification.Selection signal analysis based on the integrated parental genomic strategy successfully identified more differentiated windows and positively selected genes.By leveraging multiple variant types and employing two selection signal methods,we jointly identified several novel intramuscular fat candidate genes(MSMO1,SMC6,CCDC158,KIT,CCNC,etc.),which could not be identified by the single-reference method alone.Functional validation of the gene MSMO1 revealed its role in promoting intramuscular adipocyte proliferation and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.Conclusions This study is the first to construct a parental genomic reference panel specifically for pig hybrid populations,which significantly reduces reference bias and exhibits superior performance in downstream analyses.This strategy offers new possibilities for genomic selection breeding of livestock and establishes a methodological foundation for precisely dissecting complex traits in hybrid populations.展开更多
Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parent...Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parenting interventions remain scarcely investigated as preventive public health strategies.This pilot study evaluated a school-based intervention for preventing CEBP.Methods:We employed a quasi-experimental design with propensity score matching(PSM)to select 28 families(intervention:n=13;control:n=15)from two matched urban primary schools.Quantitative data from seven validated scales were analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVA.Qualitative insights were derived from 10 semi-structured interviews via thematic analysis.Results:Compared to the control group,the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in CEBP(p=0.020,Cohen’s d=0.92),parental adjustment(p=0.031,Cohen’s d=0.80),parenting confidence(p=0.003,Cohen’s d=1.04),and parentchild relationships(p=0.001,Cohen’s d=1.46).Non-significant effects were observed for parenting style,parental relationship,and parenting conflict(p>0.05).Qualitative analysis corroborated these findings and further identified contributing factors for non-significant outcomes,including challengeswithmeasurement adaptability and inconsistent co-parenting practices.Conclusions:This pilot study suggests that an authoritative parenting style may be effective and culturally adaptable in China.Positive parenting interventions appear to mitigate CEBP by reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors.However,improving parental relationships and parenting conflict may require targeted strategies.Given the pilot nature of this PSM-matched study(n=28),the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and used primarily for intervention refinement.展开更多
This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(4...This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.展开更多
In this study, novel reconstruction methods, including grain graph and variant graph, were established to reconstruct parent austenite on the basis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The evaluation indic...In this study, novel reconstruction methods, including grain graph and variant graph, were established to reconstruct parent austenite on the basis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The evaluation indicators included boundary identification and variant distribution. Moreover, an innovative variant pair analysis method was proposed. The results indicated that the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship was the most appropriate because it had the smallest refinement error and deviation. In addition, the variant graph reconstruction was more effective in reducing mis-indexing areas than the grain graph, exhibiting a robust capacity to accurately identify austenite grain boundaries. Additionally, the variant graph reconstruction induced the transformation of variants, variant pairs, close-packed plane (CP) groups, and Bain groups. Moreover, various reconstructed datasets (calc-grain data and EBSD data) affected the distribution of variants. The austenite grains reconstructed from the calc-grain data featured two or more variants clustered within the same region due to the preprocessing (calculating, filtering, and smoothing) of the EBSD data. These variations did not impede the microstructural analysis when consistent original data and reconstruction methods were used. The reconstruction of parent austenite grains holds promise for providing a fresh perspective and a deeper understanding of strengthening and toughening mechanisms in the future.展开更多
People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-pr...People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-preschooled children for schooling in the context of herder community in rural Mongolia.The belief systems of herder parents are shaped by three main characteristics:They lack a clear plan for their children’s education,are deeply concerned about it,and feel incapable of preparing their children for formal schooling.Herders’lives revolve around their livestock,and they must remain flexible,moving when necessary due to factors like water scarcity and poor grazing conditions caused by insufficient rain.While they desire better education for their children,the nomadic lifestyle makes it difficult to achieve.Herder parents’attitudes are contradictory;they want their children to be educated and live in urban areas,yet they also prefer them to become herders rather than educated but unemployed individuals.The hard work of herding makes them reluctant to pass it on to the next generation.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental suicidal ideation among children with CHD and the associated factors.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among 50 parents of children with CHD who attended the Cardiac Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla.Information was obtained using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.RESULTS A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had anxiety symptoms(50.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(24.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.250,P=0.007).A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had suicidal ideation(28.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(8.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.775 P=0.009).A positive correlation was elicited between anxiety and suicide ideation,and this correlation was statistically significant(r=0.748,P<0.001).A positive correlation was elicited between depression and suicidal ideation scores,and this was statistically significant(r=0.617,P<0.001).CONCLUSION There is strong interconnectivity between anxiety and depression with suicidal ideation.There is an urgent need to start screening for the mental health of parents of children with CHD to avert the high propensity of complete suicide.In addition,policy makers may introduce a national clinical practice guideline on the importance of psychotherapy and mental health screening and targeted interventions for parents of children with CHD.
文摘With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.
文摘BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund of Chinese Ministry of Education(22YJAZH150).
文摘Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and their parents.However,the underlying mechanisms that lead to parenting burnout remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting burnout,along with the serial mediation effect of social support and coping strategies in the context of families with autistic children.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 231 parents of autistic children in four autism facilities located in central Hubei province.Data were collected through the Parental Stress Index,Social Support Rating Scale,Simplified Coping Strategies Questionnaire,and Caregiver Burnout Assessment Questionnaire.Results:Parenting stress and burnout status were:72.3%of parents reported high-stress levels,16.9%experienced risks for parenting burnout,and 19.9%were currently experiencing burnout.Both social support and coping strategies played partial mediating roles in the relationship between parental stress and burnout,forming a serial mediation effect.Conclusion:Parenting stress is a risk factor for parenting burnout.Social support and coping strategies play a chain mediating role between parenting stress and parenting burnout,which may act as the underlying mechanisms.The study offers insights into potential intervention points for reducing parenting burnout.Future efforts are needed to devote to parenting stress,social support and coping strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of parents with autistic children.
文摘Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.
文摘Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 46 cases in each group.The former implemented basic preventive healthcare,while the latter simultaneously carried out parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare.The intervention results of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group had a higher awareness rate of family parenting knowledge and a higher formation rate of healthy behaviors,P<0.05.At the same time,parents’parenting anxiety scores were lower,and family health management ability scores were higher,P<0.05.Moreover,the observation group showed higher scores in children’s social skills,P<0.05.Conclusion:Parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare can effectively improve the status of child family parenting,and it is worthy of promotion and application.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 32071491,31772465,31672299,31572271,and 32260128)。
文摘Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.
文摘Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are like this.They send their kids to many after-school classes—online,inperson,big groups,small groups,even one-on-one lessons!Some parents give their kids a lot of extra homework.Others make them take many exams,like Olympic Math,KET,and PET.It feels like we always have to get certifi cates or we'll fall behind.Studying hard can be good.
文摘BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress and anxiety levels,which may further affect their children's educational outcomes.This prospective study examined the relationship between parental anxiety and academic performance of children with ADHD over a 6-year period.AIM To investigate the longitudinal impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with ADHD and explore the mediating and moderating factors over a 6-year follow-up period.METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2024,enrolling 118 children with ADHD(aged 6-12 years)and their parents from three specialized educational centers.Parental anxiety was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-4(PSI-4)and Parental Anxiety Scale.Children's academic performance was measured using the Academic Performance Questionnaire and standardized achievement tests.Assessments were conducted at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years.RESULTS Higher parental anxiety scores were significantly associated with poorer academic performance in children with ADHD(β=-0.42,P<0.001).Children of parents with clinically significant anxiety(PSI-4 scores>85th percentile)showed 1.2 standard deviations lower academic achievement than children of parents with normal anxiety levels.The relationship was partially mediated by parent-child interaction quality(indirect effect=-0.18,95%CI:-0.26 to-0.10)and homework supervision practices(indirect effect=-0.15,95%CI:-0.22 to-0.08).CONCLUSION Parental anxiety could significantly affect the academic outcomes of children with ADHD via multiple pathways.Interventions targeting parental mental health may improve the educational outcomes of children with ADHD.
基金Supported by the Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Research and Development Program,No.221460383.
文摘BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.
文摘Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education,to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.
文摘Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.
基金Supported by Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU,CEU Universities,No.GIR24/27。
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD1301200 and 2021YFF1000602).
文摘Background Traditional genomic analysis relies on a single reference genome,which struggles to effectively characterize the genetic diversity among populations.This is due to the substantial genetic differences between the genome of the studied species and the reference genome,potentially introducing reference bias.Results In this study,we focused on Guanzhong Black pigs(GZB),Danish Large White pigs(DLW),and their hybrid offspring,Qinchuan Black pigs(QCB).We provided two high-quality parental genomes at the chromosomal level and constructed a parental genomic reference panel to detect SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms),INDELs(insertions and deletions),and SVs(structural variations).Compared with the single-reference method,the integrated parental genomic strategy identified 5.48%more SNPs and 67.84%more INDELs.The uniformity of variant distribution and genome functional annotation remained consistent before and after integration,while the ratio of nonreference/non-reference genotypes was also improved.In population genetic structure analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)of the three variant types(SNPs,INDELs,and SVs)exhibited good clustering effects,and ADMIXTURE analysis demonstrated consistent stratification.Selection signal analysis based on the integrated parental genomic strategy successfully identified more differentiated windows and positively selected genes.By leveraging multiple variant types and employing two selection signal methods,we jointly identified several novel intramuscular fat candidate genes(MSMO1,SMC6,CCDC158,KIT,CCNC,etc.),which could not be identified by the single-reference method alone.Functional validation of the gene MSMO1 revealed its role in promoting intramuscular adipocyte proliferation and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.Conclusions This study is the first to construct a parental genomic reference panel specifically for pig hybrid populations,which significantly reduces reference bias and exhibits superior performance in downstream analyses.This strategy offers new possibilities for genomic selection breeding of livestock and establishes a methodological foundation for precisely dissecting complex traits in hybrid populations.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[18BSH146].
文摘Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parenting interventions remain scarcely investigated as preventive public health strategies.This pilot study evaluated a school-based intervention for preventing CEBP.Methods:We employed a quasi-experimental design with propensity score matching(PSM)to select 28 families(intervention:n=13;control:n=15)from two matched urban primary schools.Quantitative data from seven validated scales were analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVA.Qualitative insights were derived from 10 semi-structured interviews via thematic analysis.Results:Compared to the control group,the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in CEBP(p=0.020,Cohen’s d=0.92),parental adjustment(p=0.031,Cohen’s d=0.80),parenting confidence(p=0.003,Cohen’s d=1.04),and parentchild relationships(p=0.001,Cohen’s d=1.46).Non-significant effects were observed for parenting style,parental relationship,and parenting conflict(p>0.05).Qualitative analysis corroborated these findings and further identified contributing factors for non-significant outcomes,including challengeswithmeasurement adaptability and inconsistent co-parenting practices.Conclusions:This pilot study suggests that an authoritative parenting style may be effective and culturally adaptable in China.Positive parenting interventions appear to mitigate CEBP by reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors.However,improving parental relationships and parenting conflict may require targeted strategies.Given the pilot nature of this PSM-matched study(n=28),the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and used primarily for intervention refinement.
基金supported by the Industry-Education Integration and Collaborative Education Project(No.230806121220054)the Joint Founding Project of Innovation Research Institute of Xijing Hospital(LHJJ24XL06).
文摘This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52325406,52374331,and U1960203)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B21001).
文摘In this study, novel reconstruction methods, including grain graph and variant graph, were established to reconstruct parent austenite on the basis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The evaluation indicators included boundary identification and variant distribution. Moreover, an innovative variant pair analysis method was proposed. The results indicated that the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship was the most appropriate because it had the smallest refinement error and deviation. In addition, the variant graph reconstruction was more effective in reducing mis-indexing areas than the grain graph, exhibiting a robust capacity to accurately identify austenite grain boundaries. Additionally, the variant graph reconstruction induced the transformation of variants, variant pairs, close-packed plane (CP) groups, and Bain groups. Moreover, various reconstructed datasets (calc-grain data and EBSD data) affected the distribution of variants. The austenite grains reconstructed from the calc-grain data featured two or more variants clustered within the same region due to the preprocessing (calculating, filtering, and smoothing) of the EBSD data. These variations did not impede the microstructural analysis when consistent original data and reconstruction methods were used. The reconstruction of parent austenite grains holds promise for providing a fresh perspective and a deeper understanding of strengthening and toughening mechanisms in the future.
文摘People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-preschooled children for schooling in the context of herder community in rural Mongolia.The belief systems of herder parents are shaped by three main characteristics:They lack a clear plan for their children’s education,are deeply concerned about it,and feel incapable of preparing their children for formal schooling.Herders’lives revolve around their livestock,and they must remain flexible,moving when necessary due to factors like water scarcity and poor grazing conditions caused by insufficient rain.While they desire better education for their children,the nomadic lifestyle makes it difficult to achieve.Herder parents’attitudes are contradictory;they want their children to be educated and live in urban areas,yet they also prefer them to become herders rather than educated but unemployed individuals.The hard work of herding makes them reluctant to pass it on to the next generation.
