The evidence in this paper indicates that the alarming increase of common allergies can be reduced by the intake of particular “probiotics” or “paraprobiotics” along with food. This appears to build a consensus in...The evidence in this paper indicates that the alarming increase of common allergies can be reduced by the intake of particular “probiotics” or “paraprobiotics” along with food. This appears to build a consensus in the pharmaceutical and food communities about the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatments of common allergies. Food allergy is one of the common allergies, defined as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food. Improving the digestion of foods and maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) tract is certainly critical to controlling food allergens. Therefore, the association between a leaky gut or an impaired intestinal permeability and food-allergenic reactions is explained. Gluten has been found to be somehow a justification for protein allergy, and should, therefore, be avoided by people with celiac disease. In several, in vitro models, surface layer (S- layer) proteins of selective paraprobiotics have shown potential in alleviating food allergies and intestinal disorders. Notably, lactobacilli paraprobiotics have proven to be the immediate immunomodulators against common allergies and other diseases, including viral (flu, hepatitis C), bacterial (bronchitis), asthma, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal distress, and autism disorders in humans.展开更多
The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining host defense and homeostasis through complex cellular and molecular interactions.This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of the paraprobiotic Pediococcu...The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining host defense and homeostasis through complex cellular and molecular interactions.This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of the paraprobiotic Pediococcus acidilactici SY23 in combination with chondroitin sulfate(CS)on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.Co-treatment significantly enhanced cell viability and upregulated the production of nitric oxide(NO)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)compared to individual treatments.In addition,phagocytic activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were markedly elevated.Co-treatment also induced substantial increases in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The observed immunostimulatory responses were linked to the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling cascades,as demonstrated by elevated phosphorylation levels of p65,ERK,JNK,and p38.Furthermore,the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)was markedly upregulated following co-treatment.These findings demonstrate that paraprobiotic P.acidilactici SY23,in combination with CS,promotes macrophage-mediated immune activation via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.This suggests potential applicability of the formulation as a safe and effective immunomodulatory agent in the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals.展开更多
Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the stru...Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the structural fragments are isolated and purified from live probiotic cells. While observed to be strain-dependent as in the case of live probiotics, orally administered PCFs demonstrated a broad spectrum of immune modulation functions;anti-allergy;anti-inflammation;anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties;anti-mutagenic;and radioprotective and detoxification abilities in humans and animals. The PCFs mechanisms of action include events of motifs of cell wall peptidoglycans, DNA motifs, nucleotide containing components, lipoteichoic acids (LPAs), surface layer (S-layer) proteins, and cytoplasmic proteins. Different immunological in vivo-in vitro tests have shown that PCFs, essentially, have the ability to stimulate the macrophages, and induce cytokines such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and natural killer (NK) cells. PCFs may be used as ingredients for foods and beverages or as nutritional supplements with long term stability and shelf-life up to 5 years. PCFs may also be used as health restorative ingredients in cosmetic products. The outcome of probiotics CFT? stands as an advantage to the food and pharmaceutical industries, regarding the formulation of novel products with unadulterated sensory characteristics of origin. Hence, PCFs are being characterized here as “novel nutraceutical ingredients” for health maintenance in both humans and animals.展开更多
Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 is an acid-resistant gram-negative bacterium used in vinegar brewing. Oral ingestion of GK-1 was previously reported to help maintain immunity and reduce nasal discomfort. Considering t...Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 is an acid-resistant gram-negative bacterium used in vinegar brewing. Oral ingestion of GK-1 was previously reported to help maintain immunity and reduce nasal discomfort. Considering the suggested mechanism of action of activation of regulatory T cells via TLR4 to control Th1/Th2 balancing, GK-1 is also assumed to reduce skin discomfort secondary to immune reactions;however, this has not been validated in humans. Thus, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study on 100 healthy Japanese men and women (mean age, 47.6 ± 1.01 years) aged 20–64 years who consumed GK-1 (9 × 109 cells) daily for 8 weeks. Visual analog scale for overall, facial, arm, and leg skin discomfort was assessed before and after ingestion. The cumulative days of skin discomfort during the ingestion period were assessed. Compared with the placebo group, the G. hansenii GK-1 group had a significantly lower visual analog scale for overall and facial skin discomfort after 8 weeks and cumulative days of skin discomfort. Moreover, there were no adverse events attributable to G. hansenii GK-1. This study confirmed that oral ingestion of G. hansenii GK-1 contributed to skin integrity. The study protocol was preregistered at the Clinical Trials Registry System (registration no. UMIN000053005, December 7, 2023).展开更多
Today,the use of microorganisms to produce substances that can be consumable,used as a food ingredient and have a positive effect on consumer health is attracting attention and studies in this field are increasing.Bes...Today,the use of microorganisms to produce substances that can be consumable,used as a food ingredient and have a positive effect on consumer health is attracting attention and studies in this field are increasing.Besides,the therapeutic products produced by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry to create desirable characteristics of foods.In addition to the positive effects of LAB,probiotics and synbiotics have been known for many years,many studies examining postbiotics and paraprobiotics have attracted attention in recent years.The therapeutic products obtained from different LAB may have different properties and should be investigated widely.In this paper,the biotherapeutic substances produced by LAB and their effects on health are summarized.展开更多
Recent researches have reported that pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila,as a paraprobiotic,still plays an active role in various metabolic diseases.However,its role in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains unexplored.T...Recent researches have reported that pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila,as a paraprobiotic,still plays an active role in various metabolic diseases.However,its role in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains unexplored.This study aims to evaluate the impact and mechanisms of pasteurized A.muciniphila on ALD.Its effects on ALD were assessed by phenotypic,biochemical parameters,and histological features in a mouse model.Further investigations into underlying mechanisms were conducted through gut microbiome,metabolomics analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)technology.Heterologously expressed outer membrane protein Amuc_1100 was utilized to explore the molecular action mechanism.Our research demonstrated that pasteurized A.muciniphila can indeed alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage by modulation of gut microbiota and host metabolism.It suppressed the proliferation of pathogenic microbes and fostered the growth of probiotics.Additionally,it rectified alcohol-induced abnormalities in serum metabolic patterns,particularly in lipid metabolism.Specifically,pasteurized A.muciniphila elevated serum levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid,palmitoleic acid,acetylcarnitine,DHA,and arachidonic acid in alcohol-fed mice.qRT-PCR results showed that it reversed the alcohol-induced upregulation of mRNA expression of hepatic fatty acid synthesis genes and decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation and transport genes.Importantly,we identified that Amuc_1100 could partially recapitulate the protective effects of pasteurized A.muciniphila on ALD,especially regarding hepatic lipid metabolism.This study enhances our comprehension of the function of pasteurized A.muciniphila and underscores its potential therapeutic application,along with Amuc_1100,in the treatment of ALD.展开更多
文摘The evidence in this paper indicates that the alarming increase of common allergies can be reduced by the intake of particular “probiotics” or “paraprobiotics” along with food. This appears to build a consensus in the pharmaceutical and food communities about the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatments of common allergies. Food allergy is one of the common allergies, defined as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food. Improving the digestion of foods and maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) tract is certainly critical to controlling food allergens. Therefore, the association between a leaky gut or an impaired intestinal permeability and food-allergenic reactions is explained. Gluten has been found to be somehow a justification for protein allergy, and should, therefore, be avoided by people with celiac disease. In several, in vitro models, surface layer (S- layer) proteins of selective paraprobiotics have shown potential in alleviating food allergies and intestinal disorders. Notably, lactobacilli paraprobiotics have proven to be the immediate immunomodulators against common allergies and other diseases, including viral (flu, hepatitis C), bacterial (bronchitis), asthma, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal distress, and autism disorders in humans.
文摘The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining host defense and homeostasis through complex cellular and molecular interactions.This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of the paraprobiotic Pediococcus acidilactici SY23 in combination with chondroitin sulfate(CS)on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.Co-treatment significantly enhanced cell viability and upregulated the production of nitric oxide(NO)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)compared to individual treatments.In addition,phagocytic activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were markedly elevated.Co-treatment also induced substantial increases in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The observed immunostimulatory responses were linked to the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling cascades,as demonstrated by elevated phosphorylation levels of p65,ERK,JNK,and p38.Furthermore,the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)was markedly upregulated following co-treatment.These findings demonstrate that paraprobiotic P.acidilactici SY23,in combination with CS,promotes macrophage-mediated immune activation via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.This suggests potential applicability of the formulation as a safe and effective immunomodulatory agent in the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals.
文摘Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the structural fragments are isolated and purified from live probiotic cells. While observed to be strain-dependent as in the case of live probiotics, orally administered PCFs demonstrated a broad spectrum of immune modulation functions;anti-allergy;anti-inflammation;anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties;anti-mutagenic;and radioprotective and detoxification abilities in humans and animals. The PCFs mechanisms of action include events of motifs of cell wall peptidoglycans, DNA motifs, nucleotide containing components, lipoteichoic acids (LPAs), surface layer (S-layer) proteins, and cytoplasmic proteins. Different immunological in vivo-in vitro tests have shown that PCFs, essentially, have the ability to stimulate the macrophages, and induce cytokines such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and natural killer (NK) cells. PCFs may be used as ingredients for foods and beverages or as nutritional supplements with long term stability and shelf-life up to 5 years. PCFs may also be used as health restorative ingredients in cosmetic products. The outcome of probiotics CFT? stands as an advantage to the food and pharmaceutical industries, regarding the formulation of novel products with unadulterated sensory characteristics of origin. Hence, PCFs are being characterized here as “novel nutraceutical ingredients” for health maintenance in both humans and animals.
文摘Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 is an acid-resistant gram-negative bacterium used in vinegar brewing. Oral ingestion of GK-1 was previously reported to help maintain immunity and reduce nasal discomfort. Considering the suggested mechanism of action of activation of regulatory T cells via TLR4 to control Th1/Th2 balancing, GK-1 is also assumed to reduce skin discomfort secondary to immune reactions;however, this has not been validated in humans. Thus, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study on 100 healthy Japanese men and women (mean age, 47.6 ± 1.01 years) aged 20–64 years who consumed GK-1 (9 × 109 cells) daily for 8 weeks. Visual analog scale for overall, facial, arm, and leg skin discomfort was assessed before and after ingestion. The cumulative days of skin discomfort during the ingestion period were assessed. Compared with the placebo group, the G. hansenii GK-1 group had a significantly lower visual analog scale for overall and facial skin discomfort after 8 weeks and cumulative days of skin discomfort. Moreover, there were no adverse events attributable to G. hansenii GK-1. This study confirmed that oral ingestion of G. hansenii GK-1 contributed to skin integrity. The study protocol was preregistered at the Clinical Trials Registry System (registration no. UMIN000053005, December 7, 2023).
文摘Today,the use of microorganisms to produce substances that can be consumable,used as a food ingredient and have a positive effect on consumer health is attracting attention and studies in this field are increasing.Besides,the therapeutic products produced by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry to create desirable characteristics of foods.In addition to the positive effects of LAB,probiotics and synbiotics have been known for many years,many studies examining postbiotics and paraprobiotics have attracted attention in recent years.The therapeutic products obtained from different LAB may have different properties and should be investigated widely.In this paper,the biotherapeutic substances produced by LAB and their effects on health are summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22108095)he Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Jiangnan University(Grant No.JUSRP123041)Figdraw(www.figdraw.com)the for its technical support(ID:PROYW47448).
文摘Recent researches have reported that pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila,as a paraprobiotic,still plays an active role in various metabolic diseases.However,its role in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains unexplored.This study aims to evaluate the impact and mechanisms of pasteurized A.muciniphila on ALD.Its effects on ALD were assessed by phenotypic,biochemical parameters,and histological features in a mouse model.Further investigations into underlying mechanisms were conducted through gut microbiome,metabolomics analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)technology.Heterologously expressed outer membrane protein Amuc_1100 was utilized to explore the molecular action mechanism.Our research demonstrated that pasteurized A.muciniphila can indeed alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage by modulation of gut microbiota and host metabolism.It suppressed the proliferation of pathogenic microbes and fostered the growth of probiotics.Additionally,it rectified alcohol-induced abnormalities in serum metabolic patterns,particularly in lipid metabolism.Specifically,pasteurized A.muciniphila elevated serum levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid,palmitoleic acid,acetylcarnitine,DHA,and arachidonic acid in alcohol-fed mice.qRT-PCR results showed that it reversed the alcohol-induced upregulation of mRNA expression of hepatic fatty acid synthesis genes and decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation and transport genes.Importantly,we identified that Amuc_1100 could partially recapitulate the protective effects of pasteurized A.muciniphila on ALD,especially regarding hepatic lipid metabolism.This study enhances our comprehension of the function of pasteurized A.muciniphila and underscores its potential therapeutic application,along with Amuc_1100,in the treatment of ALD.
