The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic...The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo ce...Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional characteristic.The paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix.These features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue models.In this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized medicine.It is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by...Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.展开更多
The development of a single analytical platform with different functions is highly desirable but remains a challenge at present.Here,a paper-based device based on fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)functionalized paper/MnO_(...The development of a single analytical platform with different functions is highly desirable but remains a challenge at present.Here,a paper-based device based on fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)functionalized paper/MnO_(2)nanosheets(MnO_(2)NS)hybrid devices(PCD/NS)was proposed for single-device multi-function applications.MnO_(2)NS functioned as a fluorescence quencher of CDs and recognizer of H_(2)O_(2)released from the oxidase catalyzed system.Fluorescence recovery would occur after the decomposition of MnO_(2)NS induced by H_(2)O_(2),by which a simple and effective strategy could be developed for fluorescence monitoring multiplex biological events.Xanthine(XA)sensing,xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitors screening analysis and chiral recognition of glucose enantiomers were performed on PCD/NS to investigate the multifunctional application of the paper-based device.By means of PCD/NS,XA could be determined in the range of 0.1–40μmol/L with a low detection of limit of 0.06μmol/L.The IC_(50)value of allopurinol,the model inhibitor of XOD,was sensitively detected to be 7.4μmol/L.Glucose enantiomers were also recognized in terms of the specific fluorescence response to d-glucose.This work firstly presented a paper-based device capable of biomarkers detection,inhibitors screening and chiral recognition,which enlightened a promising strategy for the construction of multifunctional devices and hold the great potential application in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.展开更多
Zinc and its compounds, alloys and composites play an important role in the modern day world and find application in almost every aspect that can improve the quality of our lives. This ranges from supplements and phar...Zinc and its compounds, alloys and composites play an important role in the modern day world and find application in almost every aspect that can improve the quality of our lives. This ranges from supplements and pharmaceuticals that are meant to improve our health and wellbeing to additives meant to guard or reduce corrosion in metals. However, over the past several years, a new area of technology has been garnering a great deal of attention and has made use of zinc and its compounds. This is with reference to paper-based microfluidic technology that offers several advantages and that keeps expanding in the amount of applications it covers. In this paper, a review is offered for the applications that have used zinc or zinc compounds in paper-based microfluidic devices.展开更多
Two viologen derivatives containing fluorine substituent(F)with an asymmetric structures,1,1'-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]dihexafluorophosphate(DFPV)and 1-benzyl-1'-(4-(trifluoromethyl)...Two viologen derivatives containing fluorine substituent(F)with an asymmetric structures,1,1'-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]dihexafluorophosphate(DFPV)and 1-benzyl-1'-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]di-hexafluorophosphate(Bn-FPV),were synthesized.These viologen derivatives as active materials were used to assemble both flexible and rigid electrochromic devices(ECDs).ECDs based on DFPV exhibited reversible color change from colorless to deep green and ECDs based on Bn-FPV exhibited reversible color change from colorless to blue-green within applied voltage.It was found that the devices based on DFPV showed cycle stability,which could still maintain more than 90% after 1000 cycles.In addition,the modulation rate of the device to the solar irradiance is also calculated to characterize its application potential in smart windows.Among them,the rigid device(R-DFPV)based on the DFPV has a large solar irradiance modulation rate of 54.66%,which has the potential to be used as smart windows.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,pie...Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the ey...Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the eye of the public and accelerated the development of POCT.A variety of detection methods are combined withμPads to realize precise,rapid and sensitive POCT.This article mainly introduced the development of electrochemistry and optical detection methods onμPads for POCT and their applications on disease analysis,environmental monitoring and food control in the past 5 years.Finally,the challenges and future development prospects ofμPads for POCT were discussed.展开更多
Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density,especially with the acceleration of people’s life rhythm.However,their energy density,especially from the point of view of the whole ener...Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density,especially with the acceleration of people’s life rhythm.However,their energy density,especially from the point of view of the whole energy storage device,is far lower than that of commercial batteries.In this work,a kind of customizable full paper-based supercapacitor device with excellent self-healing ability is fabricated by simple and low-cost screen printing,electropolymerization and dip coating methods.The resultant separatorfree supercapacitor device exhibits both ultrahigh gravimetric and areal specific energy(power)densities of 39 Wh kg^(-1)(69 k W kg^(-1))and 692μWh cm^(-2)(236 m W cm^(-2)),achieving excellent supercapacitor performance.Notably,the addition of vitrimers endows the whole device with outstanding self-healing properties,which is helpful for enhancing the adaptability of the device to the environment.In addition,this kind of paper-based device also displays good photothermal and electromagnetic shielding performances.These striking features make paper matrix composites attractive in the fields of supercapacitors,medical photothermal treatment and electromagnetic shielding.展开更多
The development of simple and accurate detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase(UDG)is of great significance for early clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.Here,we on the first effort introduced the uracil bases into...The development of simple and accurate detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase(UDG)is of great significance for early clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.Here,we on the first effort introduced the uracil bases into the rolling circle amplification(RCA)reaction to produce the functionalized pure DNA hydrogel(PDH)for UDG detection.During RCA process,methylene blue(MB)molecules as the indicators were encapsulated into PDH.The addition of UDG can remove the uracil bases of PDH to generate abasic sites,which are further cleaved with the assistance of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease(APE),thus resulting in the dissociation of PDH to release blue MB.By combining with the paper analytical devices as the signal readout platform,a colorimetric and electrochemical dual-signal biosensor was constructed for convenient and accurate detection of UDG.The proposed MB@PDH-based dual-signal sensing system exhibited good selectivity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 6.4104 U/mL(electrochemical method).It was also demonstrated that this sensing system showed excellent performance in UDG inhibitor screening,thus providing great potential in UDG-related disease diagnosis and drug discovery.展开更多
A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper a...A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers.Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design.Necessary reagents including XOD for the colorimetric assay were immobilized on two separate pieces of paper.By simply adding phosphate buffer,the reaction was performed on the double-layer PAD.Quantitative results were obtained by analyzing the color intensity with the specialized device system(consisting of a smartphone,a detection box and sandwich plates).The 3Dprinted detection box was small,with a size of 9.0 cm×7.0 cm×11.5 cm.Color component G performed well in terms of linearity and detection limits and thus was identified as the index.The reaction conditions were optimized using a definitive screening design.Moreover,a 10%glycerol solution was found to be a suitable stabilizer.When the stabilizer was added,the activity of XOD could be maintained for at least 15 days under 4℃ or-20℃ storage conditions.The inhibitory activity of SME was investigated and compared to that of allopurinol.The results obtained with the PAD showed agreement with those obtained with the microplate method.In conclusion,the proposed PAD method is simple,accurate and has a potential for point-of-care testing.It also holds promise for use in rapid quality testing of medicinal herbs,intermediate products,and preparations of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorph...The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.展开更多
To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the vario...To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.展开更多
Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing com...Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.展开更多
Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantage...Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite.Conventionalapproaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area costs.Recent efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory system.They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems.This review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons.It starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensoryneurons.Furthermore,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided.Finally,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.展开更多
Nickel(II)as one of the primary categories of heavy metals can lead to serious health problems if achieving the critical levels in the water.Thus,it is vital to propose a stable,reliable,and economical approach for de...Nickel(II)as one of the primary categories of heavy metals can lead to serious health problems if achieving the critical levels in the water.Thus,it is vital to propose a stable,reliable,and economical approach for detecting Ni ions.The microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(µPADs)are potential candidates for the detection of water quality parameters including pH,heavy ions,nitrite and so on.However,it suffers from a huge error caused by the environment and artificial mistakes.In this study,we proposed an improved technique route to increase the stability and reliability of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.The main technique points include a stable light source,a matched camera,improved reliability of the devices,and effective calculated methods.Finally,we established 15 standard curves that could be used to detect nickel ions and obtained uniform colorimetric results with reliability and repeatability.With those improvements,the relative errors for the five types of real water samples from the Zhongshan industrial parks were reduced to 0.26%,14.78%,24.20%,50.29%and 3.53%,respectively.These results were conducive to exploring this technique for the detection of nickel ions in wastewater from the Zhongshan industrial parks.The results demonstrated that the above technique route is promising for the detection of other heavy metal ions in industrial effluent.展开更多
Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devic...Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.展开更多
In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditio...In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.展开更多
The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as we...The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as well.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
基金The Consortium for Scientific Research,Indore(CSR,Indore)(No.CRS/2021-22/01/426)is acknowledged by the authorsFor the research facilities,the authors are grateful to CHARUSAT University.
文摘The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health(R00CA201603,R21EB025270,R21EB026175,R01EB028143)the Brigham Research Institute.
文摘Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional characteristic.The paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix.These features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue models.In this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized medicine.It is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21804141)“Double First-Class University” Project (Nos. CPU2018GY07 and CPU2018GY21)
文摘The development of a single analytical platform with different functions is highly desirable but remains a challenge at present.Here,a paper-based device based on fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)functionalized paper/MnO_(2)nanosheets(MnO_(2)NS)hybrid devices(PCD/NS)was proposed for single-device multi-function applications.MnO_(2)NS functioned as a fluorescence quencher of CDs and recognizer of H_(2)O_(2)released from the oxidase catalyzed system.Fluorescence recovery would occur after the decomposition of MnO_(2)NS induced by H_(2)O_(2),by which a simple and effective strategy could be developed for fluorescence monitoring multiplex biological events.Xanthine(XA)sensing,xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitors screening analysis and chiral recognition of glucose enantiomers were performed on PCD/NS to investigate the multifunctional application of the paper-based device.By means of PCD/NS,XA could be determined in the range of 0.1–40μmol/L with a low detection of limit of 0.06μmol/L.The IC_(50)value of allopurinol,the model inhibitor of XOD,was sensitively detected to be 7.4μmol/L.Glucose enantiomers were also recognized in terms of the specific fluorescence response to d-glucose.This work firstly presented a paper-based device capable of biomarkers detection,inhibitors screening and chiral recognition,which enlightened a promising strategy for the construction of multifunctional devices and hold the great potential application in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.
文摘Zinc and its compounds, alloys and composites play an important role in the modern day world and find application in almost every aspect that can improve the quality of our lives. This ranges from supplements and pharmaceuticals that are meant to improve our health and wellbeing to additives meant to guard or reduce corrosion in metals. However, over the past several years, a new area of technology has been garnering a great deal of attention and has made use of zinc and its compounds. This is with reference to paper-based microfluidic technology that offers several advantages and that keeps expanding in the amount of applications it covers. In this paper, a review is offered for the applications that have used zinc or zinc compounds in paper-based microfluidic devices.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(Nos.2014A030313241,2014B090901068,and 2016A010103003)。
文摘Two viologen derivatives containing fluorine substituent(F)with an asymmetric structures,1,1'-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]dihexafluorophosphate(DFPV)and 1-benzyl-1'-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]di-hexafluorophosphate(Bn-FPV),were synthesized.These viologen derivatives as active materials were used to assemble both flexible and rigid electrochromic devices(ECDs).ECDs based on DFPV exhibited reversible color change from colorless to deep green and ECDs based on Bn-FPV exhibited reversible color change from colorless to blue-green within applied voltage.It was found that the devices based on DFPV showed cycle stability,which could still maintain more than 90% after 1000 cycles.In addition,the modulation rate of the device to the solar irradiance is also calculated to characterize its application potential in smart windows.Among them,the rigid device(R-DFPV)based on the DFPV has a large solar irradiance modulation rate of 54.66%,which has the potential to be used as smart windows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金the support from the start-up of the University of Missouri-Columbia。
文摘Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.
基金Shaanxi Province Science Foundation(2021JM-193)for funding this workthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201902009,GK201701002)Program for Innovative Research Team in Shaanxi Province(2014KCT-28)for supporting this work
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the eye of the public and accelerated the development of POCT.A variety of detection methods are combined withμPads to realize precise,rapid and sensitive POCT.This article mainly introduced the development of electrochemistry and optical detection methods onμPads for POCT and their applications on disease analysis,environmental monitoring and food control in the past 5 years.Finally,the challenges and future development prospects ofμPads for POCT were discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078184)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M653853XB)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2020JQ-729)the Key Projects of Collaborative Innovation Center of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Educationthe Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp&Papermaking and Pollution Control(No.2019KF21)the Natural Science Advance Research Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.2018QNBJ-03)the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education(No.2018QGSJ02-13)the Jiangxi Qingyue Technology Co.,Ltd(No.210200122)the Biomass Chemistry and Materials Academician Workstation Project in SUST(No.134090002)。
文摘Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density,especially with the acceleration of people’s life rhythm.However,their energy density,especially from the point of view of the whole energy storage device,is far lower than that of commercial batteries.In this work,a kind of customizable full paper-based supercapacitor device with excellent self-healing ability is fabricated by simple and low-cost screen printing,electropolymerization and dip coating methods.The resultant separatorfree supercapacitor device exhibits both ultrahigh gravimetric and areal specific energy(power)densities of 39 Wh kg^(-1)(69 k W kg^(-1))and 692μWh cm^(-2)(236 m W cm^(-2)),achieving excellent supercapacitor performance.Notably,the addition of vitrimers endows the whole device with outstanding self-healing properties,which is helpful for enhancing the adaptability of the device to the environment.In addition,this kind of paper-based device also displays good photothermal and electromagnetic shielding performances.These striking features make paper matrix composites attractive in the fields of supercapacitors,medical photothermal treatment and electromagnetic shielding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.21922601).
文摘The development of simple and accurate detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase(UDG)is of great significance for early clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.Here,we on the first effort introduced the uracil bases into the rolling circle amplification(RCA)reaction to produce the functionalized pure DNA hydrogel(PDH)for UDG detection.During RCA process,methylene blue(MB)molecules as the indicators were encapsulated into PDH.The addition of UDG can remove the uracil bases of PDH to generate abasic sites,which are further cleaved with the assistance of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease(APE),thus resulting in the dissociation of PDH to release blue MB.By combining with the paper analytical devices as the signal readout platform,a colorimetric and electrochemical dual-signal biosensor was constructed for convenient and accurate detection of UDG.The proposed MB@PDH-based dual-signal sensing system exhibited good selectivity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 6.4104 U/mL(electrochemical method).It was also demonstrated that this sensing system showed excellent performance in UDG inhibitor screening,thus providing great potential in UDG-related disease diagnosis and drug discovery.
基金The authors would like to thank the support of the National S&T Major Project of China(Grant No.:2018ZX09201011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81503242)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:2018FZA7018).
文摘A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers.Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design.Necessary reagents including XOD for the colorimetric assay were immobilized on two separate pieces of paper.By simply adding phosphate buffer,the reaction was performed on the double-layer PAD.Quantitative results were obtained by analyzing the color intensity with the specialized device system(consisting of a smartphone,a detection box and sandwich plates).The 3Dprinted detection box was small,with a size of 9.0 cm×7.0 cm×11.5 cm.Color component G performed well in terms of linearity and detection limits and thus was identified as the index.The reaction conditions were optimized using a definitive screening design.Moreover,a 10%glycerol solution was found to be a suitable stabilizer.When the stabilizer was added,the activity of XOD could be maintained for at least 15 days under 4℃ or-20℃ storage conditions.The inhibitory activity of SME was investigated and compared to that of allopurinol.The results obtained with the PAD showed agreement with those obtained with the microplate method.In conclusion,the proposed PAD method is simple,accurate and has a potential for point-of-care testing.It also holds promise for use in rapid quality testing of medicinal herbs,intermediate products,and preparations of traditional Chinese medicines.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174164,U23A20568,and U22A2075)National Key Research and Development Project(2021YFA1202600)+2 种基金Talent Plan of Shanghai Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASSHB-QNPD-2023-022)Ningbo Technology Project(2022A-007-C)Ningbo Key Research and Development Project(2023Z021).
文摘The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LQ24F040007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A2075)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(Grant No.sklpme2024-1-21).
文摘To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.
文摘Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grants No.2021B0909060002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62204219,62204140)Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grants No.LDT23F0401).
文摘Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite.Conventionalapproaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area costs.Recent efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory system.They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems.This review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons.It starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensoryneurons.Furthermore,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided.Finally,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.
基金funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation[Grant No.Z210006]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275061].
文摘Nickel(II)as one of the primary categories of heavy metals can lead to serious health problems if achieving the critical levels in the water.Thus,it is vital to propose a stable,reliable,and economical approach for detecting Ni ions.The microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(µPADs)are potential candidates for the detection of water quality parameters including pH,heavy ions,nitrite and so on.However,it suffers from a huge error caused by the environment and artificial mistakes.In this study,we proposed an improved technique route to increase the stability and reliability of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.The main technique points include a stable light source,a matched camera,improved reliability of the devices,and effective calculated methods.Finally,we established 15 standard curves that could be used to detect nickel ions and obtained uniform colorimetric results with reliability and repeatability.With those improvements,the relative errors for the five types of real water samples from the Zhongshan industrial parks were reduced to 0.26%,14.78%,24.20%,50.29%and 3.53%,respectively.These results were conducive to exploring this technique for the detection of nickel ions in wastewater from the Zhongshan industrial parks.The results demonstrated that the above technique route is promising for the detection of other heavy metal ions in industrial effluent.
文摘Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2024YFA1409700 and 2023YFA1407000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.62374158).
文摘In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.
文摘The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as well.The original article has been corrected.
