Palm leaf weaving is a traditional Chinese craft.People make different kinds of tools and things with palm leaves.At school,there is a palm leaf weaving club.Would you like to join?
The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oi...The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).展开更多
An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month ...An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.展开更多
Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistan...The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.展开更多
The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availabilit...The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availability of fi xed seismic monitoring stations nearby. To address these challenges, a dense observation array was developed within the study area to monitor and analyze microseismic activity during hydraulic fracturing. Microseismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing typically exhibit low amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, rendering traditional manual analysis methods impractical. To overcome these limitations, an innovative artifi cial intelligence method combining picking-association-location (PAL) and match-expand- shift-stack (MESS) techniques (PALM) has been utilized for automated seismic detection. Numerous factors influence the accuracy of microseismic detection and localization. To evaluate these factors, the effects of various velocity structure models, instrument types, and station distributions on seismic location were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the PALM method significantly mitigates the influence of velocity structure models on seismic location accuracy. Additionally, the use of broadband seismic instruments and a uniform station distribution enhances the precision of seismic location results. Furthermore, by integrating data from diff erent types of observation instruments, a comprehensive seismic catalog for the study area was established. These fi ndings not only enhance seismic location accuracy but also provide valuable guidance for optimizing regional seismic monitoring network design and improving seismic risk assessment.展开更多
The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependenc...The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.展开更多
The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longip...The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.展开更多
The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency...The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.展开更多
Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmo...Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.展开更多
The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to d...The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.展开更多
The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)...The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.展开更多
提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。...提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。PDA施肥通内含小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、油菜和烟草6种大田作物专家系统和一个可扩展的专家系统。它能选择不同的作物、不同的地区,根据土壤中养分的N、P、K或微量元素的含量,建立施肥指导方案,有效地解决了作物种植中科学施肥的问题,使肥料利用率大大提高。通过在农村基层的试验表明:PDA施肥通以其推荐施肥方案合理、体积小、便携性好、价廉和操作简便得到广泛使用。展开更多
文摘Palm leaf weaving is a traditional Chinese craft.People make different kinds of tools and things with palm leaves.At school,there is a palm leaf weaving club.Would you like to join?
文摘The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).
文摘An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
文摘The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.
基金the support of the China Three Gorges Corporation Science and Technology Fund, with the numbers 0799275the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, with the numbers 42174177 and 62106239。
文摘The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availability of fi xed seismic monitoring stations nearby. To address these challenges, a dense observation array was developed within the study area to monitor and analyze microseismic activity during hydraulic fracturing. Microseismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing typically exhibit low amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, rendering traditional manual analysis methods impractical. To overcome these limitations, an innovative artifi cial intelligence method combining picking-association-location (PAL) and match-expand- shift-stack (MESS) techniques (PALM) has been utilized for automated seismic detection. Numerous factors influence the accuracy of microseismic detection and localization. To evaluate these factors, the effects of various velocity structure models, instrument types, and station distributions on seismic location were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the PALM method significantly mitigates the influence of velocity structure models on seismic location accuracy. Additionally, the use of broadband seismic instruments and a uniform station distribution enhances the precision of seismic location results. Furthermore, by integrating data from diff erent types of observation instruments, a comprehensive seismic catalog for the study area was established. These fi ndings not only enhance seismic location accuracy but also provide valuable guidance for optimizing regional seismic monitoring network design and improving seismic risk assessment.
基金financially sponsored by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(324QN360)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Sci-ence and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2024-35).
文摘The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.
基金funded by the Regular Fundamental Research Grant of the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Republic of Indonesia No.093/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024Research Institution of Universitas Sumatera Utara No.1/UN5.4.10S/PPM/KPDRTPM/2024supported by the project“Development,Exploitation Properties and Application of Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites from Alternative Lignocellulosic Raw Materials”,Project No.HN C--1290/19.10.2023,carried out at the University of Forestry,Sofia,Bulgaria.
文摘The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.
基金financial support from SATREPS project(vote number:R.J130000.7801.4L977)KPM-UTM Grant(vote number:R.J130000.7301.4L997).
文摘The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.
文摘Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R821),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.
基金The contract No.PRJ-395/DPKS/2022 or 2383/PKS/ITS/2022 on 14 November 2022.
文摘The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.
文摘提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。PDA施肥通内含小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、油菜和烟草6种大田作物专家系统和一个可扩展的专家系统。它能选择不同的作物、不同的地区,根据土壤中养分的N、P、K或微量元素的含量,建立施肥指导方案,有效地解决了作物种植中科学施肥的问题,使肥料利用率大大提高。通过在农村基层的试验表明:PDA施肥通以其推荐施肥方案合理、体积小、便携性好、价廉和操作简便得到广泛使用。
