Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
In Côte d’Ivoire, coconut and palm cultivation are very developed. Industrial utilization of these crops fruits is generated some under products that can be used in breeding. The aim of this study was to test...In Côte d’Ivoire, coconut and palm cultivation are very developed. Industrial utilization of these crops fruits is generated some under products that can be used in breeding. The aim of this study was to test the potentialities in the breeding of cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel when they are incorporated in diets of piglet fattening. 18 piglets teamed up into three homogenous groups (three males castrate and three females) were used. The control group was fed a diet made with 55% of maize + 10% of bran maize + 25% fish powder + 4% of ash + 3% of salt. The test 1 group called diet ESSAI 1 was fed a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of coconut. The test 2 group called diet ESSAI 2 was fed with a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of palm kernel. The analysis made showed that the two cattle-cake are nutritiously rich and their incorporation in diets at degree of 30% of the total diet induced growth performance similar to that obtained with the control diet. Animals of each group were in good health and diets EASSAI 1 and ESSAI 2 were cheaper than the control diet. Then, cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel can be recommended as part of the diet of piglet (about 30%) in order to enhance profit with the same growth performance.展开更多
Palm kernel meal(PKM)presents a challenge for non-ruminant livestock feeding due to its high fibre content predominantly in the form of mannan.Microbial fermentation offers a sustainable solution for fibre hydrolysis ...Palm kernel meal(PKM)presents a challenge for non-ruminant livestock feeding due to its high fibre content predominantly in the form of mannan.Microbial fermentation offers a sustainable solution for fibre hydrolysis in ligno-cellulosic biomass.In this study,a Bacillus subtilis strain(F6),with high mannanase secretion capability,was isolated from the environment.Fermentation of PKM with B.subtilis F6 resulted in at least a 10%reduction in neutral detergent fibre,decreasing from 78.4 to 60.9%within 24 h.Notably,B.subtilis F6 rapidly responded to PKM,producing significant mannanase activity within 6 h,facilitating quick fibre degradation.Transcriptome analysis identified key enzymes involved in this process,withβ-mannanase GmuG showing the highest increase in expression(45.2-fold)after fermentation.Purified recombinant GmuG exhibited strong PKM hydrolysis activity,primarily releasing mannobiose and mannotriose.Characterization of GmuG using locust bean gum as a substrate revealed an optimum temperature of 50-55°C and pH optima at 5.0 and 9.0.This study highlights the potential of B.subtilis F6 and its mannanase GmuG for efficient PKM fibre hydrolysis,and provides insights into their application in the valorization of mannan-rich bioresources.展开更多
试验旨在研究以棕榈粕为主要原料,以酿酒酵母菌和消化酶为发酵剂的发酵原料对肉牛生长性能、表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验选用条件相近的育肥牛18头,随机等分成2组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组用棕榈粕发酵原料替代50%基础精料补充...试验旨在研究以棕榈粕为主要原料,以酿酒酵母菌和消化酶为发酵剂的发酵原料对肉牛生长性能、表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验选用条件相近的育肥牛18头,随机等分成2组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组用棕榈粕发酵原料替代50%基础精料补充料,试验期共95 d。结果显示:①与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重(ADG)提高11.51%(P<0.01),平均料重比(F/G)降低9.48%(P<0.01);②试验组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、淀粉的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);粪便分析筛测试结果表明,试验组筛上层残留物质比例极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),下层残留物质比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),中间层残留物质比例极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);③试验组与对照组相比,每千克增重的饲料成本降低13.66%(15.74元/kg vs 13.59元/kg),毛利润提高29.44%。研究结果表明,棕榈粕发酵原料对肉牛生长性能、消化代谢、经济效益等方面有较好的改善和提升作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
文摘In Côte d’Ivoire, coconut and palm cultivation are very developed. Industrial utilization of these crops fruits is generated some under products that can be used in breeding. The aim of this study was to test the potentialities in the breeding of cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel when they are incorporated in diets of piglet fattening. 18 piglets teamed up into three homogenous groups (three males castrate and three females) were used. The control group was fed a diet made with 55% of maize + 10% of bran maize + 25% fish powder + 4% of ash + 3% of salt. The test 1 group called diet ESSAI 1 was fed a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of coconut. The test 2 group called diet ESSAI 2 was fed with a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of palm kernel. The analysis made showed that the two cattle-cake are nutritiously rich and their incorporation in diets at degree of 30% of the total diet induced growth performance similar to that obtained with the control diet. Animals of each group were in good health and diets EASSAI 1 and ESSAI 2 were cheaper than the control diet. Then, cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel can be recommended as part of the diet of piglet (about 30%) in order to enhance profit with the same growth performance.
基金supported by Wilmar International Ltd(WIL)as a research and development projectWei Li Ong is supported by Singapore Economic Development Board Industrial Postgraduate Programme(EDB-IPP).
文摘Palm kernel meal(PKM)presents a challenge for non-ruminant livestock feeding due to its high fibre content predominantly in the form of mannan.Microbial fermentation offers a sustainable solution for fibre hydrolysis in ligno-cellulosic biomass.In this study,a Bacillus subtilis strain(F6),with high mannanase secretion capability,was isolated from the environment.Fermentation of PKM with B.subtilis F6 resulted in at least a 10%reduction in neutral detergent fibre,decreasing from 78.4 to 60.9%within 24 h.Notably,B.subtilis F6 rapidly responded to PKM,producing significant mannanase activity within 6 h,facilitating quick fibre degradation.Transcriptome analysis identified key enzymes involved in this process,withβ-mannanase GmuG showing the highest increase in expression(45.2-fold)after fermentation.Purified recombinant GmuG exhibited strong PKM hydrolysis activity,primarily releasing mannobiose and mannotriose.Characterization of GmuG using locust bean gum as a substrate revealed an optimum temperature of 50-55°C and pH optima at 5.0 and 9.0.This study highlights the potential of B.subtilis F6 and its mannanase GmuG for efficient PKM fibre hydrolysis,and provides insights into their application in the valorization of mannan-rich bioresources.
文摘试验旨在研究以棕榈粕为主要原料,以酿酒酵母菌和消化酶为发酵剂的发酵原料对肉牛生长性能、表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验选用条件相近的育肥牛18头,随机等分成2组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组用棕榈粕发酵原料替代50%基础精料补充料,试验期共95 d。结果显示:①与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重(ADG)提高11.51%(P<0.01),平均料重比(F/G)降低9.48%(P<0.01);②试验组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、淀粉的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);粪便分析筛测试结果表明,试验组筛上层残留物质比例极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),下层残留物质比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),中间层残留物质比例极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);③试验组与对照组相比,每千克增重的饲料成本降低13.66%(15.74元/kg vs 13.59元/kg),毛利润提高29.44%。研究结果表明,棕榈粕发酵原料对肉牛生长性能、消化代谢、经济效益等方面有较好的改善和提升作用。
