The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oi...The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).展开更多
The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistan...The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.展开更多
An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month ...An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.展开更多
[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order t...[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.展开更多
Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependenc...The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.展开更多
The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longip...The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.展开更多
Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmo...Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.展开更多
As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater contai...As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater containing substantial organic matter,nutrients,suspended solids,and various chemical compounds.Sustainable and effective wastewater treatment strategies are urgently needed to address this issue.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of existing POME treatment technologies,including anaerobic digestion(AD),advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),membrane filtration,adsorption,phytoremediation,and microalgae-based systems.Each method is examined in terms of treatment efficiency,operational feasibility,and potential for imple-mentation under Indonesian conditions.While advanced processes,such as AOPs and membrane filtration,achieve high pollutant removal,they are often limited by operational costs.In contrast,biological approaches,such as AD and phytoremediation,offer both environmental benefits and economic value through the recovery of biogas,biofertilizers,and biomass.This review highlights the potential for integrating wastewater purification with resource recovery and valorization,supporting a shift toward more circular and sustainable management of POME.The insights provided are intended to guide future research,inform policy decisions,and facilitate the industrial adoption of optimized treatment systems.展开更多
The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to d...The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.展开更多
To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these c...To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these catalysts was confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses,and Ni and Fe species existed primarily in the forms of Ni^(2+)and Fe^(3+),respectively.It was found that Ni/Fe molar ratio influenced the H_(2)reducibility and surface properties of NiFe catalysts.Specifically,Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO and Ni_(3)Fe‐LDO exhibited higher reducibility under H_(2)atmosphere.Moreover,the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst contained a higher concentration of surface oxygen species(Osurf).Deoxygenation results demonstrated that the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst achieved superior palm oil conversion,higher liquid product yield and enhanced selectivity toward C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons compared to other catalysts.This improved performance was attributed to its higher hydrogen dissociation activity and enhanced adsorption capacity for palm oil molecules.Furthermore,reaction condition studies revealed that palm oil was completely converted,yielding 86.8%liquid product with 81.8%selectivity of C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons at 350℃under 7 MPa H_(2)pressure.This finding provides an insight into the development of efficient catalysts for the deoxygenation of fatty compounds to biofuels.展开更多
Fractionation of palm kernel oil （PKO） by short path distillation （SPD） at two feed flow rates （135 g/h and 195 g/h） and six distillation temperatures, TD,s （200, 210, 220, 230, 240 and 250 ℃） was investigate...Fractionation of palm kernel oil （PKO） by short path distillation （SPD） at two feed flow rates （135 g/h and 195 g/h） and six distillation temperatures, TD,s （200, 210, 220, 230, 240 and 250 ℃） was investigated. Other distillation parameters, such as vacuum pressure （0.001 mbar）, blade rotation speed （400 rpm） and temperature of the feed material （60 ℃） were kept constant. The fractionated products, known as residue and distillate, were analysed for physico-chemical properties including fatty acid composition （FAC）, triacylglycerol （TAG） composition, slip melting point （SMP）, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and solid fat content （SFC）. Product yield was measured as well. Crystallisation behaviour of PKO and the fractionated products were studied by measurement of isothermal crystallisation, Tc,. at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ℃. The distillates, collected at all fractionation temperatures, were enriched with caprylic, capric and lauric acids. These fractions were also concentrated with low molecular weight and C36 TAGs. Distillates obtained at higher TDis （230-250 ℃） exhibited higher in SMP and SFC. On the other hand, the residual oils collected at all fractionation temperatures contained higher amount of long-chain fatty acid and palmitic acid. These fractions were enriched with high molecular weight TAGs. Residues obtained at lower Tois （200-220 ℃） were low in SMP and comparable SFC with PKO. Changes in fatty acid and TAG composition resulted in different crystallisation behaviour of the fractions. Distillates collected at all fractionation temperatures crystallised in a sharper peak while residues obtained at higher T Dis （230-250 ℃） showed broader crystallisation peaks, as shown by the DSC thermograms.展开更多
相信有很多朋友都对Palm智能手机有兴趣,但是却苦于之前没有使用过Palm,不知道Palm系统是不是适合自己。这个时候,我们就需要Palm模拟器了。Palm OS模拟器(Palm OS Simulator)是适用于Intel处理器的经过本地编译的Palm OS 5.0系统。可...相信有很多朋友都对Palm智能手机有兴趣,但是却苦于之前没有使用过Palm,不知道Palm系统是不是适合自己。这个时候,我们就需要Palm模拟器了。Palm OS模拟器(Palm OS Simulator)是适用于Intel处理器的经过本地编译的Palm OS 5.0系统。可直接在www.palm.com下载,它不像Palm OS仿真器(Emulator)那样进行硬件仿真,而是真正的操作系统。Palm OS模拟器的核心由各种系统DLL组成,这里的ROM文件(也就是操作系统的文件)与Palm OS仿真器上运行的ROM文件不同,它包含Palm应用程序兼容性环境和各种默认的程序。我们现在就使用这个模拟器以及PalmOS 5.2的ROM文件,来模拟一台真正的Palm。展开更多
[Objective]The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of new oil palm germplasm from DNA molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new oil palm germplasm. ...[Objective]The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of new oil palm germplasm from DNA molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new oil palm germplasm. [Method]The genetic diversity of 22 new oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan were analyzed by ISSR technique. [Result]A total number of 201 bands were amplified with 23 ISSR primers,and polymorphic bands accounted for 41.8%. 22 oil palm varieties were divided into two groups by cluster analysis：Group I included new varieties of R1-R12 from Hainan and V20 from Yunnan,while group II included new varieties of V13-V22 from Yunnan,except V20. [Conclusion]New breeding oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan may come from different countries or regions.展开更多
文摘The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).
文摘The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.
文摘An inventory of Rhynchophorus species was carried out to determine their diversity, biogeographical variability and morphometrics. A shotgun trapping method was used at nine sites in three districts over a four-month period, identifying three species: R. quadrangulus, R. phoenicis, R. ferrugineus and a probable variant of R. phoenicis. Of these species, R. phoenicis stands out as the most widespread palm weevil, while the probable variant of R. phoenicis is considered the rarest subspecies in the Maniema region. The color of the head and elytra is a criterion for distinguishing the different species of Rhynchophorus spp. Morphological criteria indicate that the probable subspecies of R. phoenicis is the largest palm weevil in the Maniema region and even globally. It is followed by R. quadrangulus and, by far, by R. phoenicis. The smallest palm weevil in Maniema is R. ferrugineus. Moreover, these criteria reveal that, for all three species identified, the female is generally larger than the male. This study has the merit of extending the distribution of R. ferrugineus from the Maghreb to the central East of the DRC, and highlighting a subspecies of R. phoenicis. Recognition of the sexes on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen (oval in the male and flat in the female) is an additional contribution.
基金Supported by Guangxi Agricultural College Science Topics(B070206)~~
文摘[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
基金financially sponsored by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(324QN360)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Sci-ence and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2024-35).
文摘The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.
基金funded by the Regular Fundamental Research Grant of the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Republic of Indonesia No.093/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024Research Institution of Universitas Sumatera Utara No.1/UN5.4.10S/PPM/KPDRTPM/2024supported by the project“Development,Exploitation Properties and Application of Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites from Alternative Lignocellulosic Raw Materials”,Project No.HN C--1290/19.10.2023,carried out at the University of Forestry,Sofia,Bulgaria.
文摘The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes(SPB-CB)represents a significant advancement in biomass energy.This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB(Arenga longipes).The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes:20-40 mesh,40-60 mesh,and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen.The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations:11%,13%,and 15%.The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density,with an average value of 0.58 g/cm^(3).The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm^(2),which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15%adhesive concentration.The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg,while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg.The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49%and 32.65%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65%and 52.36%.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes.However,thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20-40 and include 11%adhesive.According to this research,it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.
文摘Malaysia,as one of the highest producers of palm oil globally and one of the largest exporters,has a huge potential to use palmoil waste to generate electricity since an abundance of waste is produced during the palmoil extraction process.In this paper,we have first examined and compared the use of palmoil waste as biomass for electricity generation in different countries with reference to Malaysia.Some areas with default accessibility in rural areas,like those in Sabah and Sarawak,require a cheap and reliable source of electricity.Palm oil waste possesses the potential to be the source.Therefore,this research examines the cost-effective comparison between electricity generated frompalm oil waste and standalone diesel electric generation in Marudi,Sarawak,Malaysia.This research aims to investigate the potential electricity generation using palm oil waste and the feasibility of implementing the technology in rural areas.To implement and analyze the feasibility,a case study has been carried out in a rural area in Sarawak,Malaysia.The finding shows the electricity cost calculation of small towns like Long Lama,Long Miri,and Long Atip,with ten nearby schools,and suggests that using EFB from palm oil waste is cheaper and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.The study also points out the need to conduct further research on power systems,such as energy storage andmicrogrids,to better understand the future of power systems.By collecting data through questionnaires and surveys,an analysis has been carried out to determine the approximate cost and quantity of palm oil waste to generate cheaper renewable energy.We concluded that electricity generation from palm oil waste is cost-effective and beneficial.The infrastructure can be a microgrid connected to the main grid.
基金supporting the research project under the USK Leading Research Program-Doctoral Acceleration Scheme(PRRU-PD,Grant Number:444/UN11.2.1/PG.01.03/SPK/PTNBH/2024)coordinated by the Institute for Research and Community Services(LPPM-USK).
文摘As the world’s largest palm oil producer,Indonesia significantly benefits from its palm oil industry but also faces serious environmental challenges from palm oil mill effluent(POME)-a high-strength wastewater containing substantial organic matter,nutrients,suspended solids,and various chemical compounds.Sustainable and effective wastewater treatment strategies are urgently needed to address this issue.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of existing POME treatment technologies,including anaerobic digestion(AD),advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),membrane filtration,adsorption,phytoremediation,and microalgae-based systems.Each method is examined in terms of treatment efficiency,operational feasibility,and potential for imple-mentation under Indonesian conditions.While advanced processes,such as AOPs and membrane filtration,achieve high pollutant removal,they are often limited by operational costs.In contrast,biological approaches,such as AD and phytoremediation,offer both environmental benefits and economic value through the recovery of biogas,biofertilizers,and biomass.This review highlights the potential for integrating wastewater purification with resource recovery and valorization,supporting a shift toward more circular and sustainable management of POME.The insights provided are intended to guide future research,inform policy decisions,and facilitate the industrial adoption of optimized treatment systems.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R821),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278084)State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(SKLHOP202402003)for financing this research.
文摘To achieve palm oil conversion along with a high yield of long‐chain alkane,a series of NiFe layered double oxide catalysts were prepared and employed in the deoxygenation of palm oil.The layered structure of these catalysts was confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses,and Ni and Fe species existed primarily in the forms of Ni^(2+)and Fe^(3+),respectively.It was found that Ni/Fe molar ratio influenced the H_(2)reducibility and surface properties of NiFe catalysts.Specifically,Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO and Ni_(3)Fe‐LDO exhibited higher reducibility under H_(2)atmosphere.Moreover,the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst contained a higher concentration of surface oxygen species(Osurf).Deoxygenation results demonstrated that the Ni_(2)Fe‐LDO catalyst achieved superior palm oil conversion,higher liquid product yield and enhanced selectivity toward C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons compared to other catalysts.This improved performance was attributed to its higher hydrogen dissociation activity and enhanced adsorption capacity for palm oil molecules.Furthermore,reaction condition studies revealed that palm oil was completely converted,yielding 86.8%liquid product with 81.8%selectivity of C_(15)–C_(18)hydrocarbons at 350℃under 7 MPa H_(2)pressure.This finding provides an insight into the development of efficient catalysts for the deoxygenation of fatty compounds to biofuels.
文摘Fractionation of palm kernel oil （PKO） by short path distillation （SPD） at two feed flow rates （135 g/h and 195 g/h） and six distillation temperatures, TD,s （200, 210, 220, 230, 240 and 250 ℃） was investigated. Other distillation parameters, such as vacuum pressure （0.001 mbar）, blade rotation speed （400 rpm） and temperature of the feed material （60 ℃） were kept constant. The fractionated products, known as residue and distillate, were analysed for physico-chemical properties including fatty acid composition （FAC）, triacylglycerol （TAG） composition, slip melting point （SMP）, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and solid fat content （SFC）. Product yield was measured as well. Crystallisation behaviour of PKO and the fractionated products were studied by measurement of isothermal crystallisation, Tc,. at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ℃. The distillates, collected at all fractionation temperatures, were enriched with caprylic, capric and lauric acids. These fractions were also concentrated with low molecular weight and C36 TAGs. Distillates obtained at higher TDis （230-250 ℃） exhibited higher in SMP and SFC. On the other hand, the residual oils collected at all fractionation temperatures contained higher amount of long-chain fatty acid and palmitic acid. These fractions were enriched with high molecular weight TAGs. Residues obtained at lower Tois （200-220 ℃） were low in SMP and comparable SFC with PKO. Changes in fatty acid and TAG composition resulted in different crystallisation behaviour of the fractions. Distillates collected at all fractionation temperatures crystallised in a sharper peak while residues obtained at higher T Dis （230-250 ℃） showed broader crystallisation peaks, as shown by the DSC thermograms.
文摘相信有很多朋友都对Palm智能手机有兴趣,但是却苦于之前没有使用过Palm,不知道Palm系统是不是适合自己。这个时候,我们就需要Palm模拟器了。Palm OS模拟器(Palm OS Simulator)是适用于Intel处理器的经过本地编译的Palm OS 5.0系统。可直接在www.palm.com下载,它不像Palm OS仿真器(Emulator)那样进行硬件仿真,而是真正的操作系统。Palm OS模拟器的核心由各种系统DLL组成,这里的ROM文件(也就是操作系统的文件)与Palm OS仿真器上运行的ROM文件不同,它包含Palm应用程序兼容性环境和各种默认的程序。我们现在就使用这个模拟器以及PalmOS 5.2的ROM文件,来模拟一台真正的Palm。
文摘[Objective]The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of new oil palm germplasm from DNA molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new oil palm germplasm. [Method]The genetic diversity of 22 new oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan were analyzed by ISSR technique. [Result]A total number of 201 bands were amplified with 23 ISSR primers,and polymorphic bands accounted for 41.8%. 22 oil palm varieties were divided into two groups by cluster analysis：Group I included new varieties of R1-R12 from Hainan and V20 from Yunnan,while group II included new varieties of V13-V22 from Yunnan,except V20. [Conclusion]New breeding oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan may come from different countries or regions.
