Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over m...Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over many years.The Pali language has been used to write many stone inscriptions in ancient times.For ordinary travelers the recognition of the content of ancient inscriptions and some other written material are not possible.This study has focused to find a solution with a mobile application to recognize Pali characters in a user-friendly User Interface.The character recognition in real time is the most essential part of the study.Machine learning and neural networks are trending technologies adapted for handwriting recognition in some languages.But for many languages this technology has not been developed yet.Pali is one of such languages that had survived until the eighteenth century.In this study the images of Pali letters are identified through a trained Convolution Neural Network(CNN).Python and Android Studio software were used for training process and identifying letters respectively with the developed mobile application.The limited capacity and the processing power of a mobile phone makes it more challenging to run the application.Tensor Flow Lite is end to end open source platform in machine learning.Therefore,Tensor Flow Lite was used in this study.Since the Android mobile is a common equipment which everybody has in modern societies,using this Off-line Pali character Recognition mobile application the archelogy researchers and travelers can use them conveniently to understand the content written in ancient documents.展开更多
As the result of one-year fieldwork in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the cooperation with the seventy-year old Upasaka E’pom in particular,it has been confirmed that Dai monks initiated the task of tran...As the result of one-year fieldwork in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the cooperation with the seventy-year old Upasaka E’pom in particular,it has been confirmed that Dai monks initiated the task of translating Theravadin texts into Classical Dai orthography,viz.Text Script(for sample),over three centuries ago.~①At one time,there was,except Therigatha,a complete Dai classical language translation of the Ti-pitaka and seven post-ca-展开更多
The western Himalaya has had a central role as a life support system for the local people and as a source of ecologgical services.This long term use of these resources,including livestock grazing,fuel wood collection ...The western Himalaya has had a central role as a life support system for the local people and as a source of ecologgical services.This long term use of these resources,including livestock grazing,fuel wood collection and a variety of other uses,has shaped its montane cultural landscape.The present paper focuses on resource utilization in the Pall Gad watershed,which consists of 25 villages situated in the lesser Himalaya.Using a satellite derived map,natural resources available in this area were assessed,and the ecosystem services provided by them and level of pressure on them were com-puted through a door to door socioeconomic survey.The study revealed a spatio-temporal variation in the resource demand and extraction at the permanent villages.Average fuel wood consumption was 1.12 kg/day/capita,fodder consumption was 3.69 kg/day/capita from lopping and 3.25 kg/day/capita from grass collection from forest.An attempt has been taken toevaluate the ecosystem services.The forest provides more provisional and regulatory services,whereas agriculture provides more supporting services and river bed/water bodies serve more cultural purposes for the locals.This study contributes an example of a human shaped ecosystem in a mountainous region where an additional fragmentation of natural resources exists.An increase in resource demand has been noticed in the less productive lands of the region.This has resulted in increased resource extraction from the entire watershed may not be sustainable in the long run.展开更多
The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological invest...The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.展开更多
主要介绍一种基于微软DirectX平台实现音频视频无线传输的系统,该系统利用Direct Play Voice实现音频传输,利用DirectShow实现视频传输。针对音频传输过程中延时、抖动现象,利用RTP协议包头时间戳和建立缓冲池的方法进行消除,提高音质;...主要介绍一种基于微软DirectX平台实现音频视频无线传输的系统,该系统利用Direct Play Voice实现音频传输,利用DirectShow实现视频传输。针对音频传输过程中延时、抖动现象,利用RTP协议包头时间戳和建立缓冲池的方法进行消除,提高音质;利用RTP/RTCP协议传输MPEG-4码流,提高视频质量。探讨了该系统的基本结构和实现细节,实际测试表明该系统音频和视频质量令人满意,具有稳定性好、占用带宽低等优点。展开更多
文摘Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over many years.The Pali language has been used to write many stone inscriptions in ancient times.For ordinary travelers the recognition of the content of ancient inscriptions and some other written material are not possible.This study has focused to find a solution with a mobile application to recognize Pali characters in a user-friendly User Interface.The character recognition in real time is the most essential part of the study.Machine learning and neural networks are trending technologies adapted for handwriting recognition in some languages.But for many languages this technology has not been developed yet.Pali is one of such languages that had survived until the eighteenth century.In this study the images of Pali letters are identified through a trained Convolution Neural Network(CNN).Python and Android Studio software were used for training process and identifying letters respectively with the developed mobile application.The limited capacity and the processing power of a mobile phone makes it more challenging to run the application.Tensor Flow Lite is end to end open source platform in machine learning.Therefore,Tensor Flow Lite was used in this study.Since the Android mobile is a common equipment which everybody has in modern societies,using this Off-line Pali character Recognition mobile application the archelogy researchers and travelers can use them conveniently to understand the content written in ancient documents.
文摘As the result of one-year fieldwork in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the cooperation with the seventy-year old Upasaka E’pom in particular,it has been confirmed that Dai monks initiated the task of translating Theravadin texts into Classical Dai orthography,viz.Text Script(for sample),over three centuries ago.~①At one time,there was,except Therigatha,a complete Dai classical language translation of the Ti-pitaka and seven post-ca-
基金Supported by Center for Science and Space Technology Educationin Asia and Pacific(CSSTEAP)affiliatedto United Nations
文摘The western Himalaya has had a central role as a life support system for the local people and as a source of ecologgical services.This long term use of these resources,including livestock grazing,fuel wood collection and a variety of other uses,has shaped its montane cultural landscape.The present paper focuses on resource utilization in the Pall Gad watershed,which consists of 25 villages situated in the lesser Himalaya.Using a satellite derived map,natural resources available in this area were assessed,and the ecosystem services provided by them and level of pressure on them were com-puted through a door to door socioeconomic survey.The study revealed a spatio-temporal variation in the resource demand and extraction at the permanent villages.Average fuel wood consumption was 1.12 kg/day/capita,fodder consumption was 3.69 kg/day/capita from lopping and 3.25 kg/day/capita from grass collection from forest.An attempt has been taken toevaluate the ecosystem services.The forest provides more provisional and regulatory services,whereas agriculture provides more supporting services and river bed/water bodies serve more cultural purposes for the locals.This study contributes an example of a human shaped ecosystem in a mountainous region where an additional fragmentation of natural resources exists.An increase in resource demand has been noticed in the less productive lands of the region.This has resulted in increased resource extraction from the entire watershed may not be sustainable in the long run.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Program(Grant No.DD20220989)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972118)。
文摘The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.
文摘主要介绍一种基于微软DirectX平台实现音频视频无线传输的系统,该系统利用Direct Play Voice实现音频传输,利用DirectShow实现视频传输。针对音频传输过程中延时、抖动现象,利用RTP协议包头时间戳和建立缓冲池的方法进行消除,提高音质;利用RTP/RTCP协议传输MPEG-4码流,提高视频质量。探讨了该系统的基本结构和实现细节,实际测试表明该系统音频和视频质量令人满意,具有稳定性好、占用带宽低等优点。
