The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for co...The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for conservation efforts.However,knowledge about the demographic changes and adaptive evolution of the giant panda remains limited.Paleogenomic research,with its broad temporal and geographic coverage,provides a novel perspective for addressing these questions.Given this,this study discusses three core topics related to the evolution of the giant panda.Firstly,we systematically consolidated the fossil records from the Late Miocene to the Holocene,along with their related studies,illustrating the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the demographic history of the giant panda.In particular,climate change served as the primary driver of population fluctuations during the Pleistocene,leading to two episodes of population expansion and bottleneck.Additionally,human activities played a significant role in population divergence and demographic changes during the Holocene.Secondly,we also elucidated the adaptive process of the giant panda in terms of their highly specialized diet,highlighting long-term adaptation in morphology,genetics,and gut microbiota composition,which have led to its unique adaptive traits.Finally,the potential and significance of the paleogenomic studies in deepening our understanding of the demographic history and adaptive evolution of the giant panda were discussed.Meanwhile,this study demonstrated the potential of paleogenomic approaches for resolving species identification and obtaining individual-level information from fossil specimens,using ancient samples excavated from Baling in Shaanxi and Bamianshan in Hunan as case studies.展开更多
Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the ev...Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.展开更多
Ancient DNA(aDNA)research has transformed our understanding of evolutionary processes by enabling direct genomic analysis of extinct species.This study explores the potential of aDNA to decipher genetic adaptations th...Ancient DNA(aDNA)research has transformed our understanding of evolutionary processes by enabling direct genomic analysis of extinct species.This study explores the potential of aDNA to decipher genetic adaptations through two key approaches:the genomic evolution of woolly mammoths and the underutilized resource of plant macrofossils.Through highthroughput sequencing and comparative genomics,we identified 3,097 genes with unique derived mutations in woolly mammoths,highlighting adaptations in hair development(e.g.,AHNAK2),lipid metabolism(e.g.,Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase,Medium Chain[ACADM]),immunity,and thermosensation[1].Temporal genomic comparisons revealed that while most adaptive changes originated early,recent evolution refined traits such as fur quality and body size.Additionally,we demonstrated that plant macrofossils from calcareous lake sediments preserve endogenous DNA,enabling detailed studies of past flora and their responses to climate shifts[2].These findings underscore the value of aDNA in revealing polygenic adaptation mechanisms and provide insights for modern conservation and crop improvement strategies.This research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of aDNA studies and their critical role in linking past evolutionary processes to present-day biodiversity challenges.展开更多
The domestication of livestock from their wild progenitors was essential in the process of the Neolithic Revolution.Aurochs(Bos primigenius)are considered to be the ancestors of modern cattle(B.taurus).They were once ...The domestication of livestock from their wild progenitors was essential in the process of the Neolithic Revolution.Aurochs(Bos primigenius)are considered to be the ancestors of modern cattle(B.taurus).They were once widespread across Eurasia and North Africa but became extinct approximately 400 years ago[1].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32100489,41925009,42262001 and 42102001)。
文摘The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for conservation efforts.However,knowledge about the demographic changes and adaptive evolution of the giant panda remains limited.Paleogenomic research,with its broad temporal and geographic coverage,provides a novel perspective for addressing these questions.Given this,this study discusses three core topics related to the evolution of the giant panda.Firstly,we systematically consolidated the fossil records from the Late Miocene to the Holocene,along with their related studies,illustrating the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the demographic history of the giant panda.In particular,climate change served as the primary driver of population fluctuations during the Pleistocene,leading to two episodes of population expansion and bottleneck.Additionally,human activities played a significant role in population divergence and demographic changes during the Holocene.Secondly,we also elucidated the adaptive process of the giant panda in terms of their highly specialized diet,highlighting long-term adaptation in morphology,genetics,and gut microbiota composition,which have led to its unique adaptive traits.Finally,the potential and significance of the paleogenomic studies in deepening our understanding of the demographic history and adaptive evolution of the giant panda were discussed.Meanwhile,this study demonstrated the potential of paleogenomic approaches for resolving species identification and obtaining individual-level information from fossil specimens,using ancient samples excavated from Baling in Shaanxi and Bamianshan in Hunan as case studies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of Synthetic Biology(2018YFA0902400)Construction of a High-quality Data Pool and Data Product Service System of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019WQZX012)University of Science and Technology of China Quality Project History of Medicine(2023YCZX02).
文摘Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.
文摘Ancient DNA(aDNA)research has transformed our understanding of evolutionary processes by enabling direct genomic analysis of extinct species.This study explores the potential of aDNA to decipher genetic adaptations through two key approaches:the genomic evolution of woolly mammoths and the underutilized resource of plant macrofossils.Through highthroughput sequencing and comparative genomics,we identified 3,097 genes with unique derived mutations in woolly mammoths,highlighting adaptations in hair development(e.g.,AHNAK2),lipid metabolism(e.g.,Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase,Medium Chain[ACADM]),immunity,and thermosensation[1].Temporal genomic comparisons revealed that while most adaptive changes originated early,recent evolution refined traits such as fur quality and body size.Additionally,we demonstrated that plant macrofossils from calcareous lake sediments preserve endogenous DNA,enabling detailed studies of past flora and their responses to climate shifts[2].These findings underscore the value of aDNA in revealing polygenic adaptation mechanisms and provide insights for modern conservation and crop improvement strategies.This research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of aDNA studies and their critical role in linking past evolutionary processes to present-day biodiversity challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Center for Tibetan Plateau Earth System(41988101).
文摘The domestication of livestock from their wild progenitors was essential in the process of the Neolithic Revolution.Aurochs(Bos primigenius)are considered to be the ancestors of modern cattle(B.taurus).They were once widespread across Eurasia and North Africa but became extinct approximately 400 years ago[1].
