Cleft palate, including complete or incomplete cleft palates, soft palate clefts, and submucosal cleft palates, is the most frequent congenital craniofacial anomaly in humans. Multifactorial conditions, including gene...Cleft palate, including complete or incomplete cleft palates, soft palate clefts, and submucosal cleft palates, is the most frequent congenital craniofacial anomaly in humans. Multifactorial conditions, including genetic and environmental factors, induce the formation of cleft palates. The process of palatogenesis is temporospatially regulated by transcription factors, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and membranous molecules; a single ablation of these molecules can result in a cleft palate in vivo. Studies on knockout mice were reviewed in order to identify genetic errors that lead to cleft palates. In this review, we systematically describe these mutant mice and discuss the molecular mechanisms of palatogenesis.展开更多
Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of envir...Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This paper provides a review of recent progress in defining the genetic causes of NSCLP. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the Medline data by searching for the following keywords: genes, non-syndromic cleft lip-palate, and genetics of clefts lip-palates, until January 2018. Results: Various genes are identified in different population and country, with the study using case parent’s trio. The aim of this study contributes to review relative gene which has been identify in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and to help to have a better understanding of the inheritance pattern of this pathology and the prevention of genetic disease. Conclusion: Although three major genes have been confirmed, the genetic research is necessary to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the clefts lip-palates.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materi...<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> The study was conducted in Bangladesh recruiting 10 patients with adult sized untreated cleft palate and 15 patients with normal adult sized palates. The control group was comprised of 7 males and 8 females with a mean age of 30.5 ± 4.4 years. The affected group comprised of 7 males and 3 females with a mean age 17 ± 3.3 years. Alginate impressions of the maxillary arch were taken and poured into plaster dental casts. The inter-canine, inter-premolar and intermolar widths were measured to evaluate the maxillary growth pattern in patients with unoperated cleft palate. Due to the small sample size, both independent T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests were performed to analyze the statistical significance of the data. <strong>Results:</strong> According to both the T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests, the inter-premolar width including both the first and second premolars was statistically significantly smaller in the affected group with p values of 0.003 and 0.00 respectively. There was no significant difference in the inter-canine width between the affected and control group due to the variable canine position in cleft palate patients. Due to small sample size, no significant difference in the intermolar width between the affected and control group could be established. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The interpremolar width is significantly smaller in patients with adult sized cleft palates than individuals with normal adult sized palates.展开更多
Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial disorders that affects children's appearance and oral functions.Investigating the transcriptomes during palatogenesis is crucial for understanding the...Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial disorders that affects children's appearance and oral functions.Investigating the transcriptomes during palatogenesis is crucial for understanding the etiology of this disorder and facilitating prenatal molecular diagnosis.However,there is limited knowledge about the single-cell differentiation dynamics during mid-palatogenesis and late-palatogenesis,specifically regarding the subpopulations and developmental trajectories of periderm,a rare but critical cell population.Here,we explored the single-cell landscape of mouse developing palates from embryonic day(E)10.5 to E16.5.We systematically depicted the single-cell transcriptomes of mesenchymal and epithelial cells during palatogenesis,including subpopulations and differentiation dynamics.Additionally,we identified four subclusters of palatal periderm and constructed two distinct trajectories of cell fates for periderm cells.Our findings reveal that claudin-family coding genes and Arhgap29 play a role in the non-stick function of the periderm before the palatal shelves contact,and Pitx2 mediates the adhe-sion of periderm during the contact of opposing palatal shelves.Furthermore,we demonstrate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),apoptosis,and migration collectively contribute to the degeneration of periderm cells in the medial epithelial seam.Taken together,our study suggests a novel model of periderm development during palatogenesis and delineates the cellular and molecular transitions in periderm cell determination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Excipients may improve the palatability of polyethylene glycol(PEG),the firstline treatment for childhood functional constipation(FC),leading to good compliance and improved treatment outcomes.AIM To compar...BACKGROUND Excipients may improve the palatability of polyethylene glycol(PEG),the firstline treatment for childhood functional constipation(FC),leading to good compliance and improved treatment outcomes.AIM To compare the developed PEG-based formula(PEG-Chula)to the commercial formula for treating childhood FC.METHODS In this randomized controlled trial,we enrolled children aged<18 years with FC diagnosed by the Rome Ⅳ criteria to receive PEG-Chula[four flavors:(1)Strawberry;(2)Lychee;(3)Apple;and(4)Lychee-rose]or Forlax(orange-grapefruit flavor)for eight weeks.The primary outcomes included changes in stool frequency and consistency measured by the Bristol Stool scale.The secondary outcomes were constipation-related symptom improvement,adverse events,and palatability measured by the facial hedonic scale.RESULTS Fifty-two children diagnosed with FC[median age:4.21(2.33,7.88)years;35(67.31%)females]were enrolled.After the 8-week treatment,the mean weekly stool frequency increased in both groups,the mean change was 4.02(95%CI:3.09-4.95)in PEG-Chula and 3.78(95%CI:2.79-4.78)in commercial PEG compared to baseline(P<0.001).The extent of stool consistency improvement did not differ significantly.The most preferred PEG-Chula flavor was rated more palatable than the commercial PEG.Treatment compliance correlated with medication palatability(r=0.34,P=0.013).No significant differences in adverse events were found.CONCLUSION Both PEG-based formulas are effective and safe for managing pediatric FC.展开更多
Herbivorous ungulates are vital elements of forest ecosystems,yet their impact on tree regeneration and forest dynamics is challenging to assess.Despite their significant influence,few studies measure browsing pressur...Herbivorous ungulates are vital elements of forest ecosystems,yet their impact on tree regeneration and forest dynamics is challenging to assess.Despite their significant influence,few studies measure browsing pressure independently of precise ungulate population data.This study aimed to determine the regeneration mechanisms of palatable tree species in natural forest ecosystems by measuring the forage abundance from young trees of focal species and estimating the browsing pressure exerted by ungulates.We analyzed an extensive dataset of 2,838 tree saplings in two national parks in Poland to examine relationships between variables using a zero-intercept linear regression,and multiple linear regression models,and performed parametric and nonparametric tests.We found that the browsing intensity index(BI)is a good predictor of browsing pressure.Both total abundance and twig dry mass loss due to ungulate browsing were more pronounced in shorter saplings,with these effects decreasing as sapling height increased.Picea abies was the most abundant browse source in the Tatra National Park(TNP),whereas Fagus sylvatica dominated in the Roztocze National Park(RNP).Acer pseudoplatanus and Sorbus aucuparia experienced significantly higher browsing pressure in the TNP,whereas Carpinus betulus was more heavily browsed than other species in the RNP.The increase in browse abundance rapidly reduced ungulate browsing pressure on highly palatable tree species.We conclude that despite the high browsing pressure on the palatable species,the contribution of browse from focal species helps to mitigate this pressure and supports their regeneration in the forest canopy.Therefore,this finding provides valuable insights for managing and conserving tree species vulnerable to ungulate browsing in natural forest ecosystems.In addition,the method we used in this study is novel to estimate browsing pressure and assess the recruitment potential of vulnerable tree species;hence,it can be applied in large-scale studies with similar scenarios.展开更多
Background: In developing countries, charity cleft surgical mission is always operated by sporadic surgical teams without systematic follow up and quality assurance. In the past few decades, many mission projects have...Background: In developing countries, charity cleft surgical mission is always operated by sporadic surgical teams without systematic follow up and quality assurance. In the past few decades, many mission projects have been held regularly in China. The purpose of this audit was a retrospective analysis of a 9-year cleft lip and palate charity project operated in a tertiary hospital in China Shenzhen Area to evaluate perioperative and postoperative complications. Nevertheless, understanding the risk profile is essential for establishing a sustainable in-house cleft service in Shenzhen. Methods: A detailed analysis of hospital centralized record in the The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKUSZH) was reviewed since the first charity project held in 2015. The parameters of this audit were focused on perioperative complications including anesthesia related problems, early postoperative complications in patients who underwent primary or secondary cleft surgeries. A total of 430 consecutive admitted cases of 311 non-syndromic cleft lip & palate patients were enrolled into the charity project from June 2015 to July 2024. The main anesthesia related complications that occurred during general anesthesia were respiratory tract problems, while intraoperative complication was excessive bleeding, so as wound local infection and reaction were the main early postoperative complications. Results: In our 9-year clinical audit of 430 cleft lip and palate charity surgeries in Shenzhen, we observed no mortalities and a anesthesia-related complication rate of 1.16%. Specific intraoperative complications included excessive bleeding, while early postoperative issues were dominated by wound infections. The fistula rate of 18.7% post palate repair and the average hospital stay of 3.71 days complete the profile of our surgical outcomes. These data underscore the project’s efficacy and offer a reference for international cleft missions aiming for safe and efficient surgical care. Conclusions: This study provides a thorough data review of the complications in the past 9 years charity missions for cleft lip and palate surgery in a well-structured hospital infrastructure and logistic support by local surgical team. There were no perioperative or postoperative death during the study period and the overall short-term complication rate was low. Therefore, it could be a reference model for other international cleft mission in developing country for a safe and efficient service in future.展开更多
Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’commu...Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’communication abilities and psychological well-being.Traditional speech-language therapy faces challenges such as insufficient personalization of training methods,limited scenarios,and low patient compliance,making it inadequate for long-term rehabilitation needs.The innovative intervention model of a mobile interactive platform combined with games and picture books,through immersive experiences,instant feedback,and engaging designs,holds promise for enhancing patient participation and overall treatment outcomes.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review from five perspectives:the pathological mechanisms and treatment needs of cleft palate speech disorders,the advantages of games and picture books as carriers in cleft palate speech therapy,the technological implementation of mobile interactive platforms,clinical application effects,and current challenges and limitations.The aim is to offer valuable insights for clinical practice and technological development in cleft palate speech rehabilitation.展开更多
Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Cleft palate(CP),the most common congenital craniofacial defect,has a multifaceted etiology i...Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Cleft palate(CP),the most common congenital craniofacial defect,has a multifaceted etiology influenced by complex genetic and environmental risk factors such as maternal bacterial or virus infection.A prior case-control study revealed a surprisingly strong association between maternal periodontal disease and CP in offspring.However,the precise relationship remains unclear.In this study,the relationship between maternal oral pathogen and CP in offspring was studied by sonicated P.gingivalis injected intravenously and orally into pregnant mice.We investigated an obvious increasing CP(12.5%)in sonicated P.gingivalis group which had inhibited osteogenesis in mesenchyme and blocked efferocytosis in epithelium.Then glycolysis and H4K12 lactylation(H4K12la)were detected to elevate in both mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme(MEPM)cells and macrophages under P.gingivalis exposure which further promoted the transcription of metallopeptidase domain17(ADAM17),subsequently mediated the shedding of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1(TGFBR1)in MEPM cells and mer tyrosine kinase(MerTK)in macrophages and resulted in the suppression of efferocytosis and osteogenesis in palate,eventually caused abnormalities in palate fusion and ossification.The abnormal efferocytosis also led to a predominance of M1 macrophages,which indirectly inhibited palatal osteogenesis via extracellular vesicles.Furthermore,pharmacological ADAM17 inhibition could ameliorate the abnormality of P.gingivalis-induced abnormal palate development.Therefore,our study extends the knowledge of how maternal oral pathogen affects fetal palate development and provides a novel perspective to understand the pathogenesis of CP.展开更多
Protein content plays a crucial role in determining the eating and cooking quality of rice.However,the genetic and molecular basis underlying grain protein content remains to be elucidated.In this study,we identified ...Protein content plays a crucial role in determining the eating and cooking quality of rice.However,the genetic and molecular basis underlying grain protein content remains to be elucidated.In this study,we identified a genomic region associated with grain protein content in rice chromosome segment substitution lines containing the flowering gene Ghd7.1,which reduced grain protein content by repressing the transcription of the gene OsAAP6.Knockout of Ghd7.1 increased grain protein content and decreased the eating and cooking quality of rice.Introduction of the functional haplotype of Ghd7.1 into two elite rice cultivars reduced their protein content and increased their eating quality and grain yield with no effect on the regulation of flowering time.Ghd7.1 might be used for regulating the protein content and improving the eating quality of rice varieties.展开更多
Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate...Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.展开更多
Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included ...Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included 37 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate and 39 age and gender matched non-clefts. Twenty-six cephalometric measurements were employed to evaluate the facial morphology. Independent samples T test and Mann- Whitney U were used for comparison. Significant difference was defined at 95% level. Results： Data from this study showed patients with unoperated isolated cleft palate have a reduced maxillary sagittal length （ANS-PMP, A-PMP, P〈0.05）, a smaller ANB angle （ANB, P〈0.05） and a retrusive ANS point （S-N-ANS, P〈0.05; Ba-N-ANS, P〈0.05）. Measurements descripted position of maxilla （S-Ptm, P〉0.05）, depth of bony pharynx （Ba-PMP, P〉0.05）, anterior and posterior maxillary height （N-ANS, P〉0.05; R-PMP, P〉0.05） and mandible morphology （including linear measurements and angle measurements） did not show any significant difference between case and control groups. Conclusions： Patients with isolated cleft palate were characterized by maxillary retrusion. Mandible morphology and cranial basal morphology in isolated cleft palate showed no significant difference with nonclefts. Patients with isolated cleft palate are more vulnerable to cross bite than nonclefts. Intrinsic deficiencies did detrimental effect on maxilla sagittal length, but did no detrimental effect on maxilla position, mandible size and position.展开更多
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma （LGMS） is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported ...Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma （LGMS） is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported in the oral and maxillofacial region. Here, a LGMS developed on the palate of a 73-year-old man who presented with a 1-cm tumor on the posterior border of the palate. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of LGMS was established. The tumor was resected, and no recurrence was observed over 2 years. Although the tongue is the most preferred site for LGMS, it may occur in any region of the oral cavity.展开更多
Hainan eldi’s deer is a precious species of deer in the tropic zone,it is regardedas the first—class animal under protection in China.Based on all-year-round observation on thedeer’s feeding habit in the reserve fr...Hainan eldi’s deer is a precious species of deer in the tropic zone,it is regardedas the first—class animal under protection in China.Based on all-year-round observation on thedeer’s feeding habit in the reserve from 1985 to 1988,we discovered that Hainan eldi’s deer is aeuryphangous herbivore.They take various herbs as their main food and have fairly strongselectivity for woody plants,especially tending to eat the tender parts of plants and some fruits andflowers.Like other species of deer,they also like to lick the alkaline soil.This paper reports the re-search and evaluation on the feeding and choosing food characteristics of Hainan eldi’s deer,and onthe palatability of the main plants in the reserve.展开更多
基金Supported by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) through KAKENHI grants 25670774 and 15K11004,awarded to Funato N
文摘Cleft palate, including complete or incomplete cleft palates, soft palate clefts, and submucosal cleft palates, is the most frequent congenital craniofacial anomaly in humans. Multifactorial conditions, including genetic and environmental factors, induce the formation of cleft palates. The process of palatogenesis is temporospatially regulated by transcription factors, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and membranous molecules; a single ablation of these molecules can result in a cleft palate in vivo. Studies on knockout mice were reviewed in order to identify genetic errors that lead to cleft palates. In this review, we systematically describe these mutant mice and discuss the molecular mechanisms of palatogenesis.
文摘Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This paper provides a review of recent progress in defining the genetic causes of NSCLP. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the Medline data by searching for the following keywords: genes, non-syndromic cleft lip-palate, and genetics of clefts lip-palates, until January 2018. Results: Various genes are identified in different population and country, with the study using case parent’s trio. The aim of this study contributes to review relative gene which has been identify in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and to help to have a better understanding of the inheritance pattern of this pathology and the prevention of genetic disease. Conclusion: Although three major genes have been confirmed, the genetic research is necessary to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the clefts lip-palates.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the transverse palatal widths in untreated adult cleft palate patients with normal adult patients. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> The study was conducted in Bangladesh recruiting 10 patients with adult sized untreated cleft palate and 15 patients with normal adult sized palates. The control group was comprised of 7 males and 8 females with a mean age of 30.5 ± 4.4 years. The affected group comprised of 7 males and 3 females with a mean age 17 ± 3.3 years. Alginate impressions of the maxillary arch were taken and poured into plaster dental casts. The inter-canine, inter-premolar and intermolar widths were measured to evaluate the maxillary growth pattern in patients with unoperated cleft palate. Due to the small sample size, both independent T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests were performed to analyze the statistical significance of the data. <strong>Results:</strong> According to both the T-test and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests, the inter-premolar width including both the first and second premolars was statistically significantly smaller in the affected group with p values of 0.003 and 0.00 respectively. There was no significant difference in the inter-canine width between the affected and control group due to the variable canine position in cleft palate patients. Due to small sample size, no significant difference in the intermolar width between the affected and control group could be established. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The interpremolar width is significantly smaller in patients with adult sized cleft palates than individuals with normal adult sized palates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82170916,82001030,22104096,and 81870747)the Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(Grant No.SZGSPO08)the Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases(Grant No.20210617170745001),China.
文摘Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial disorders that affects children's appearance and oral functions.Investigating the transcriptomes during palatogenesis is crucial for understanding the etiology of this disorder and facilitating prenatal molecular diagnosis.However,there is limited knowledge about the single-cell differentiation dynamics during mid-palatogenesis and late-palatogenesis,specifically regarding the subpopulations and developmental trajectories of periderm,a rare but critical cell population.Here,we explored the single-cell landscape of mouse developing palates from embryonic day(E)10.5 to E16.5.We systematically depicted the single-cell transcriptomes of mesenchymal and epithelial cells during palatogenesis,including subpopulations and differentiation dynamics.Additionally,we identified four subclusters of palatal periderm and constructed two distinct trajectories of cell fates for periderm cells.Our findings reveal that claudin-family coding genes and Arhgap29 play a role in the non-stick function of the periderm before the palatal shelves contact,and Pitx2 mediates the adhe-sion of periderm during the contact of opposing palatal shelves.Furthermore,we demonstrate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),apoptosis,and migration collectively contribute to the degeneration of periderm cells in the medial epithelial seam.Taken together,our study suggests a novel model of periderm development during palatogenesis and delineates the cellular and molecular transitions in periderm cell determination.
基金Supported by the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund(Ratchadapiseksomphot Endowment Fund)Ratchadapiseksompotch Funds,Graduate Affairs,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok,Thailand,No.GA68/028.
文摘BACKGROUND Excipients may improve the palatability of polyethylene glycol(PEG),the firstline treatment for childhood functional constipation(FC),leading to good compliance and improved treatment outcomes.AIM To compare the developed PEG-based formula(PEG-Chula)to the commercial formula for treating childhood FC.METHODS In this randomized controlled trial,we enrolled children aged<18 years with FC diagnosed by the Rome Ⅳ criteria to receive PEG-Chula[four flavors:(1)Strawberry;(2)Lychee;(3)Apple;and(4)Lychee-rose]or Forlax(orange-grapefruit flavor)for eight weeks.The primary outcomes included changes in stool frequency and consistency measured by the Bristol Stool scale.The secondary outcomes were constipation-related symptom improvement,adverse events,and palatability measured by the facial hedonic scale.RESULTS Fifty-two children diagnosed with FC[median age:4.21(2.33,7.88)years;35(67.31%)females]were enrolled.After the 8-week treatment,the mean weekly stool frequency increased in both groups,the mean change was 4.02(95%CI:3.09-4.95)in PEG-Chula and 3.78(95%CI:2.79-4.78)in commercial PEG compared to baseline(P<0.001).The extent of stool consistency improvement did not differ significantly.The most preferred PEG-Chula flavor was rated more palatable than the commercial PEG.Treatment compliance correlated with medication palatability(r=0.34,P=0.013).No significant differences in adverse events were found.CONCLUSION Both PEG-based formulas are effective and safe for managing pediatric FC.
基金funded by Polish National Science Foundation(NCN)(grant No.2018/31/B/NZ8/02786,project title:“How do largescale disturbances influence the relationship between ungulate herbivory and natural regeneration in temperate forests?”)from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland within the framework of statutory activities SUB/040011-D019/2020 of the Department of Forest Biodiversity,University of Agriculture in Krakow.
文摘Herbivorous ungulates are vital elements of forest ecosystems,yet their impact on tree regeneration and forest dynamics is challenging to assess.Despite their significant influence,few studies measure browsing pressure independently of precise ungulate population data.This study aimed to determine the regeneration mechanisms of palatable tree species in natural forest ecosystems by measuring the forage abundance from young trees of focal species and estimating the browsing pressure exerted by ungulates.We analyzed an extensive dataset of 2,838 tree saplings in two national parks in Poland to examine relationships between variables using a zero-intercept linear regression,and multiple linear regression models,and performed parametric and nonparametric tests.We found that the browsing intensity index(BI)is a good predictor of browsing pressure.Both total abundance and twig dry mass loss due to ungulate browsing were more pronounced in shorter saplings,with these effects decreasing as sapling height increased.Picea abies was the most abundant browse source in the Tatra National Park(TNP),whereas Fagus sylvatica dominated in the Roztocze National Park(RNP).Acer pseudoplatanus and Sorbus aucuparia experienced significantly higher browsing pressure in the TNP,whereas Carpinus betulus was more heavily browsed than other species in the RNP.The increase in browse abundance rapidly reduced ungulate browsing pressure on highly palatable tree species.We conclude that despite the high browsing pressure on the palatable species,the contribution of browse from focal species helps to mitigate this pressure and supports their regeneration in the forest canopy.Therefore,this finding provides valuable insights for managing and conserving tree species vulnerable to ungulate browsing in natural forest ecosystems.In addition,the method we used in this study is novel to estimate browsing pressure and assess the recruitment potential of vulnerable tree species;hence,it can be applied in large-scale studies with similar scenarios.
文摘Background: In developing countries, charity cleft surgical mission is always operated by sporadic surgical teams without systematic follow up and quality assurance. In the past few decades, many mission projects have been held regularly in China. The purpose of this audit was a retrospective analysis of a 9-year cleft lip and palate charity project operated in a tertiary hospital in China Shenzhen Area to evaluate perioperative and postoperative complications. Nevertheless, understanding the risk profile is essential for establishing a sustainable in-house cleft service in Shenzhen. Methods: A detailed analysis of hospital centralized record in the The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKUSZH) was reviewed since the first charity project held in 2015. The parameters of this audit were focused on perioperative complications including anesthesia related problems, early postoperative complications in patients who underwent primary or secondary cleft surgeries. A total of 430 consecutive admitted cases of 311 non-syndromic cleft lip & palate patients were enrolled into the charity project from June 2015 to July 2024. The main anesthesia related complications that occurred during general anesthesia were respiratory tract problems, while intraoperative complication was excessive bleeding, so as wound local infection and reaction were the main early postoperative complications. Results: In our 9-year clinical audit of 430 cleft lip and palate charity surgeries in Shenzhen, we observed no mortalities and a anesthesia-related complication rate of 1.16%. Specific intraoperative complications included excessive bleeding, while early postoperative issues were dominated by wound infections. The fistula rate of 18.7% post palate repair and the average hospital stay of 3.71 days complete the profile of our surgical outcomes. These data underscore the project’s efficacy and offer a reference for international cleft missions aiming for safe and efficient surgical care. Conclusions: This study provides a thorough data review of the complications in the past 9 years charity missions for cleft lip and palate surgery in a well-structured hospital infrastructure and logistic support by local surgical team. There were no perioperative or postoperative death during the study period and the overall short-term complication rate was low. Therefore, it could be a reference model for other international cleft mission in developing country for a safe and efficient service in future.
文摘Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’communication abilities and psychological well-being.Traditional speech-language therapy faces challenges such as insufficient personalization of training methods,limited scenarios,and low patient compliance,making it inadequate for long-term rehabilitation needs.The innovative intervention model of a mobile interactive platform combined with games and picture books,through immersive experiences,instant feedback,and engaging designs,holds promise for enhancing patient participation and overall treatment outcomes.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review from five perspectives:the pathological mechanisms and treatment needs of cleft palate speech disorders,the advantages of games and picture books as carriers in cleft palate speech therapy,the technological implementation of mobile interactive platforms,clinical application effects,and current challenges and limitations.The aim is to offer valuable insights for clinical practice and technological development in cleft palate speech rehabilitation.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82170912 and 82370910)the Beijing Stomatological Hospital,Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program(No.YSP202404).
文摘Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Cleft palate(CP),the most common congenital craniofacial defect,has a multifaceted etiology influenced by complex genetic and environmental risk factors such as maternal bacterial or virus infection.A prior case-control study revealed a surprisingly strong association between maternal periodontal disease and CP in offspring.However,the precise relationship remains unclear.In this study,the relationship between maternal oral pathogen and CP in offspring was studied by sonicated P.gingivalis injected intravenously and orally into pregnant mice.We investigated an obvious increasing CP(12.5%)in sonicated P.gingivalis group which had inhibited osteogenesis in mesenchyme and blocked efferocytosis in epithelium.Then glycolysis and H4K12 lactylation(H4K12la)were detected to elevate in both mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme(MEPM)cells and macrophages under P.gingivalis exposure which further promoted the transcription of metallopeptidase domain17(ADAM17),subsequently mediated the shedding of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1(TGFBR1)in MEPM cells and mer tyrosine kinase(MerTK)in macrophages and resulted in the suppression of efferocytosis and osteogenesis in palate,eventually caused abnormalities in palate fusion and ossification.The abnormal efferocytosis also led to a predominance of M1 macrophages,which indirectly inhibited palatal osteogenesis via extracellular vesicles.Furthermore,pharmacological ADAM17 inhibition could ameliorate the abnormality of P.gingivalis-induced abnormal palate development.Therefore,our study extends the knowledge of how maternal oral pathogen affects fetal palate development and provides a novel perspective to understand the pathogenesis of CP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272071,No.32261143466)the Major Program of Science and Technology Development of Wuhan,China(2022021302024850)the Key Project for Research and Development of Hubei Province,China(2023BBB027)。
文摘Protein content plays a crucial role in determining the eating and cooking quality of rice.However,the genetic and molecular basis underlying grain protein content remains to be elucidated.In this study,we identified a genomic region associated with grain protein content in rice chromosome segment substitution lines containing the flowering gene Ghd7.1,which reduced grain protein content by repressing the transcription of the gene OsAAP6.Knockout of Ghd7.1 increased grain protein content and decreased the eating and cooking quality of rice.Introduction of the functional haplotype of Ghd7.1 into two elite rice cultivars reduced their protein content and increased their eating quality and grain yield with no effect on the regulation of flowering time.Ghd7.1 might be used for regulating the protein content and improving the eating quality of rice varieties.
基金supported by the NIH grants(R01DE12329,R01DE14044,P60DE13076)the National Science Foundation grant(IBN-9796321)the Millenium Trust Health Excellence Fund(HEF-2000-05-04)from the Louisiana Bpard of Regents
文摘Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.
文摘Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included 37 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate and 39 age and gender matched non-clefts. Twenty-six cephalometric measurements were employed to evaluate the facial morphology. Independent samples T test and Mann- Whitney U were used for comparison. Significant difference was defined at 95% level. Results： Data from this study showed patients with unoperated isolated cleft palate have a reduced maxillary sagittal length （ANS-PMP, A-PMP, P〈0.05）, a smaller ANB angle （ANB, P〈0.05） and a retrusive ANS point （S-N-ANS, P〈0.05; Ba-N-ANS, P〈0.05）. Measurements descripted position of maxilla （S-Ptm, P〉0.05）, depth of bony pharynx （Ba-PMP, P〉0.05）, anterior and posterior maxillary height （N-ANS, P〉0.05; R-PMP, P〉0.05） and mandible morphology （including linear measurements and angle measurements） did not show any significant difference between case and control groups. Conclusions： Patients with isolated cleft palate were characterized by maxillary retrusion. Mandible morphology and cranial basal morphology in isolated cleft palate showed no significant difference with nonclefts. Patients with isolated cleft palate are more vulnerable to cross bite than nonclefts. Intrinsic deficiencies did detrimental effect on maxilla sagittal length, but did no detrimental effect on maxilla position, mandible size and position.
文摘Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma （LGMS） is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported in the oral and maxillofacial region. Here, a LGMS developed on the palate of a 73-year-old man who presented with a 1-cm tumor on the posterior border of the palate. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of LGMS was established. The tumor was resected, and no recurrence was observed over 2 years. Although the tongue is the most preferred site for LGMS, it may occur in any region of the oral cavity.
文摘Hainan eldi’s deer is a precious species of deer in the tropic zone,it is regardedas the first—class animal under protection in China.Based on all-year-round observation on thedeer’s feeding habit in the reserve from 1985 to 1988,we discovered that Hainan eldi’s deer is aeuryphangous herbivore.They take various herbs as their main food and have fairly strongselectivity for woody plants,especially tending to eat the tender parts of plants and some fruits andflowers.Like other species of deer,they also like to lick the alkaline soil.This paper reports the re-search and evaluation on the feeding and choosing food characteristics of Hainan eldi’s deer,and onthe palatability of the main plants in the reserve.
