Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity le...Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.展开更多
Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Da...Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Davis&Cullen are endemic plant species that grow on mountains in select regions in Türkiye and have been used in traditional Turkish medicine for various ailments.Methods:As first,we evaluated the larvicidal and antibiofilm activities of ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,and water extracts obtained from these plants.Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also investigated.Results:All tested extracts were effective at concentrations>25 ppm on Aedes aegypti larval mortality with the lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))values ranging between 32.82-48.35 ppm and LC90 between 46.26-63.2 ppm.O.hypericifolium was the most effective plant,ethanol extracts presented LC50 values of 32.82 ppm.Extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antibiofilm activity depending on the dose and bacterial species.Origanum hypericifolium extracts notably inhibited biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 98%inhibition),while P.turcica showed moderate efficacy against the same bacterial species.Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms displayed high resistance to all extracts.Conclusion:The results indicated that these endemic Turkish plants possess promising larvicidal and antibiofilm potential,particularly Origanum hypericifolium.Extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry contained caffeic acid,myricetin,cinnamic acid,quercetin,gallic acid,epicatechin,and ascorbic acid.Further research should explore their potential applications in mosquito control and biofilm-related infections.展开更多
Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility ...Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility between AM and PR in the treatment of FC remains uncertain.This study aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic differences in the active ingredients in the blood of rat models with FC when applied individually and in combination with AM-PR.It also seeks to compare the changes in the content of the active ingredient when applied individually and in combination with in vitro AM-PR,further in-depth investigation into its material foundation in terms of pharmacokinetics,as well as the composition of the substance.Methods:Blood microdialysis samples were collected using microdialysis technology.These samples from rats with FC were compared after administration of AM,PR,and AM-PR.The concentration of the main active ingredients was determined using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tunable Ultraviolet(UPLC-TUV)method.The concentration of the main active ingredients of the decoction compatibility before and after combining AM-PR was also determined using the UPLC-TUV method.Results:Our findings reveal that upon combination,the time to maximum concentration(T_(max))of isochlorogenic acid A(ICA-A)and ataridolide Ⅱ(ATR-Ⅱ)T_(max)was prolonged,terminal elimination half-life(T_(1/2))was reduced,and maximum plasma concentrations(C_(max))increased.The T_(max)of ataridolide Ⅲ(ATR-Ⅲ)remained consistent,whereas its T_(1/2)and C_(max)were significantly reduced.Conversely,for peoniflorin(PAE),T_(max)occurred sooner,T_(1/2)was shortened,and C_(max)increased.The T_(max)for albiflorin(ALB)remained consistent,whereas T_(1/2)and C_(max)witnessed significant increases.The area under the moment curve(AUMC)(0-t)and AUMC(0-∞)of PAE,ALB,ICA-A,ATR-Ⅱ experienced an increase after AM-PR administration in rats,attributable to the heightened C_(max).In comparison to individual herb administration,the T_(max)of ALB was advanced in combination,the T_(max)of PAE remained unchanged,and the T_(max)of ICA-A and ART-Ⅱ was delayed,with an increased area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)(0-t),indicating enhanced C_(max)and bioavailability.Furthermore,the dissolution rates of PAE,ICA-A,and ATR-Ⅱ significantly improved after compatibility.Conclusions:This study partially clarifies the rationale and compatibility of AM-PR in treating FC and offers a new perspective on the pharmacokinetic interactions of AM-PR in FC treatment.展开更多
Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradien...Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradients(25,50,75%)were prepared to investigate the effects of extraction solvents on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid.The influences of ultrasonic frequency(35,50 Hz),ultrasonic power(40,60,80,100 W),ultrasonic time(10,20,30,40,50,60 minutes),and ultrasonic temperature(20,30,40,50℃)on the extraction efficiency were examined.Orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of temperature,time,and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency and to screen the optimal ultrasonic extraction process.Results Various influencing factors had certain effects on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.Single-factor analysis revealed that 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic power of 40 W,ultrasonic time of 10minutes,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃yielded the highest extraction efficiency for benzoic acid.The order of influence of different factors on the extraction efficiency was temperature>time>power.The optimal conditions obtained from orthogonal experiments were:extraction solvent of 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃.Conclusion Under the conditions of 25%methanol as the extraction solvent,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃,the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.was the highest.This method offers advantages such as simple operation,small sample size requirement,and low solvent consumption,providing a reliable analytical approach for quality control and safety evaluation of P.lactiflora Pall.展开更多
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adve...BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adverse effects.Herbal medicine containing Paeoniae Radix(HCP)has traditionally been used in Korean medicine to treat RLS symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of HCP in treating RLS.METHODS This retrospective chart review study included 15 patients with RLS who were treated with HCP between September 2017 and August 2022 at the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital.The demographic,disease-related,and treatment-related characteristics,as well as the impressions of each patient,were analyzed.The study also evaluated the changes in the subjective complaints of RLS symptoms,the Korean version of the International Restless Legs Scale(KIRLS)scores before and after treatment,and the adverse events after HCP administration.RESULTS Following HCP administration,14 patients(93.3%)experienced a decrease in the degree of discomfort associated with their symptoms,with an average reduction to 44.7±35.1%compared to their discomfort levels before taking the drug.After treatment,the mean total K-IRLS score decreased significantly from 23.00±9.75 to 13.93±10.9(P=0.005).Among the HCP,a significant reduction in the K-IRLS score was observed in the Gyejibokryeonghwan(26.0±9.7 to 10.0±9.4,P=0.028)and Jakyakgamchotang(23.2±12.6 to 6.6±4.2,P=0.042)groups.Additionally,no adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION HCP improved symptoms in RLS patients.These results suggest that HCP may be an effective and safe alternative for RLS.A randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these findings.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacol...OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacology strategy,the therapeutic targets of APR-GR for MDD are predicted,differentially expressed genes from the Integrated Gene Expression database for MDD patients.Topological networks are constructed,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways are enriched,their pharmacological potential molecular mechanisms are discussed,and molecular docking analysis is performed to further motivate compositional and target interactions.Finally,the CUMS mouse model is used for validation.RESULTS:Based on the pharmacological network analysis,17 candidate genes were identified,including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1(CHRM1),muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),adrenergicα1A receptor(ADRA1A)and 5-hydroxytryptamine transfer protein(SLC6A4),etc.which are primarily involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism,neural response,oxidative stress response and other biological processes.Further analysis revealed that these targets are closely related to Ca^(2+),cyclic adenosine monophosphate,etc.,and exhibit optimal binding sites after molecular docking.Finally,in vivo experiments were performed and it was found that APR-GR significantly improved depression-like behavior and hippocampal impairment in mouse models,increasing brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,dopamine and norepinephrine and decreasing serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone,corticosterone and adreno cortico tropic hormone,while upregulating the expression of CHRM1,CHRM2 and ADRA1A in the hippocampus and downregulating the expression of SLC6A4 and ADRB2.CNCLUSION:This research sheds light on the potential molecular mechanism of APR-GR to improve MDD.展开更多
The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and pr...The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, a simple, easy, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive components in the herbal pairs. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity（r2≥0.9992）. The LODs and LOQs were ≤7.30 and 11.53 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-, inter-day and repeatability RSD values of the nine compounds were less than 3.86%, 2.71%, and 4.29%, respectively. The RSD stability values were less than 3.64%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.70%–102.10%, with RSD values less than 3.52%. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs.展开更多
A new monoterpene glycoside, together with nine known ones, 3-O-methylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside J, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, oxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin and la...A new monoterpene glycoside, together with nine known ones, 3-O-methylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside J, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, oxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin and lactiflorin, was isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as galloylalbiflorin by the spectro- scopic evidence including ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra.展开更多
A new monoterpene glycoside named paeonivayin with other seven known compounds were isolated from the roots of Paeonia delavayi Franch. and their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic studies.
A new triterpenoid. 3 beta. 4 beta. 23-trihydroxy-24, 30-dinorolean-12. 20(29)-dien-28-oic acid. together with five known compounds. 2 alpha. 3 beta. 23-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid-beta -D-glucose glucopyranosyl...A new triterpenoid. 3 beta. 4 beta. 23-trihydroxy-24, 30-dinorolean-12. 20(29)-dien-28-oic acid. together with five known compounds. 2 alpha. 3 beta. 23-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid-beta -D-glucose glucopyranosyl ester. palbinone. 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid. syringic acid. were isolated from the roots of Paeonia delavayi Franch. Their structures were characterized by spectral analysis.展开更多
A new monoterpene glycoside, acetoxypaeoniflorin, was isolated from the root cortex of Paeonia veitchii Lynch.. The structure was elucidated by spectral methods.
Objective: The analgesic effect of Paeonia Lactiflora has been widely accepted in traditional Chinese medicine. But little is known about the potential mechanism. This study aims to elucidate the effective components ...Objective: The analgesic effect of Paeonia Lactiflora has been widely accepted in traditional Chinese medicine. But little is known about the potential mechanism. This study aims to elucidate the effective components and analgesic mechanism based on network pharmacology. Methods: TCMSP was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem and further be used for reverse molecular docking in Swiss Target Prediction database to obtain potential targets. Pain-related molecules were obtained from GeenCards database, and the predicted targets of Paeonia Lactiflora for pain treatment were selected by Wayne diagram. For mechanism analysis, the protein-protein interactions were constructed by String, the GO analysis and KEGG analysis were conducted in DAVID. Results: Through GO analysis and KEGG analysis, we found that the pain related signaling pathways mainly involved in serotonergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator TRP channels. Using network-based systems biology and molecular docking analyses, we predicted that 11 active ingredients in Paeonia Lactiflora has the analgesic effects with 97 potential targets. PRKCA, CASP3, ALOX15, SLC6A4, PRKCG, ALOX5, PRKCB, ALOX12, EGFR, ADRB2, RYR3, RYR1, NOS2, PTAFR, PRKCQ, and PRKCD were involved in the analgesic effects of Paeonia Lactiflora. Conclusion: Paeonia Lactiflora may alleviate pain through inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, Ca2+ signaling pathway and 5-HT receptor. PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCD,PRKCQ, and PRKCG may be new targets for pain treatment.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paeonia lactiflora</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pall. var. <...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paeonia lactiflora</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pall. var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">trichocarpa </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is a variety of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paeonia lactiflora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pall., and is currently the peony herb</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s principal cultivar group. Here, we study the differences in aromatic components and flowers of different varieties between two groups of cultivars, providing a reference for applying natural fragrance substances of peonies, breeding fragrant flower types, and developing and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using improved varieties. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME),</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), peak area normalization for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> each component relative to content, component library (NIST14/NIST14S) retrieval, and a literature review were used to analyze the volatile compounds in flowers of eight peony varieties, such as </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gaoganhong</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and ten comospore peony varieties, such as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jinshanhong</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results showed that the main volatile compound constituents in flowers of the two groups were terpenes and alcohols. Additionally, the content of eucalyptol, caryophyllene, α-Pinene, citronellol, and 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z) was high. Peony cultivars contained linalool,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> while comospore peony varieties contained 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol. In this study, the differences between the volatile components of flowers of different peony varieties were clarified, laying a foundation for further molecular biology research into the floral fragrance of peonies and the cultivation of new varieties of aromatic peonies. At the same time, it also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of peony flower by-products.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the difference between Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba,PRA)and Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra,PRR)from different regions based on the characteristic spectra of amino acids(AAs).Methods Fingerprints of ...Objective To evaluate the difference between Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba,PRA)and Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra,PRR)from different regions based on the characteristic spectra of amino acids(AAs).Methods Fingerprints of the 21 standard AAs were established using O-phthalaldehyde-9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(OPA-FMOC)pre-column derivation method.The AA components in PRA and PRR were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively,and different AAs were screened using pattern recognition technology.Results Twelve AAs were identified in both PRA and PRR.Meanwhile,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,arginine,alanine,and gamma-aminobutyric acid were screened as characteristic components,and their concentrations could effectively distinguish PRA from PRR.Conclusion The established characterization method,which is based on the characteristic spectra of AAs,is accurate,efficient,and sensitive and can effectively distinguish between PRA and PRR from different producing areas,thus providing a reference for the overall characterization and evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
基金supported by Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province(Grant No.212101510003)the Central Plains Scholar Workstation Project(Grant No.224400510002)+1 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.202300410136)the Experimental Development Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.SY2324004)。
文摘Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.
文摘Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Davis&Cullen are endemic plant species that grow on mountains in select regions in Türkiye and have been used in traditional Turkish medicine for various ailments.Methods:As first,we evaluated the larvicidal and antibiofilm activities of ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,and water extracts obtained from these plants.Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also investigated.Results:All tested extracts were effective at concentrations>25 ppm on Aedes aegypti larval mortality with the lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))values ranging between 32.82-48.35 ppm and LC90 between 46.26-63.2 ppm.O.hypericifolium was the most effective plant,ethanol extracts presented LC50 values of 32.82 ppm.Extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antibiofilm activity depending on the dose and bacterial species.Origanum hypericifolium extracts notably inhibited biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 98%inhibition),while P.turcica showed moderate efficacy against the same bacterial species.Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms displayed high resistance to all extracts.Conclusion:The results indicated that these endemic Turkish plants possess promising larvicidal and antibiofilm potential,particularly Origanum hypericifolium.Extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry contained caffeic acid,myricetin,cinnamic acid,quercetin,gallic acid,epicatechin,and ascorbic acid.Further research should explore their potential applications in mosquito control and biofilm-related infections.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:Y19H280022。
文摘Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility between AM and PR in the treatment of FC remains uncertain.This study aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic differences in the active ingredients in the blood of rat models with FC when applied individually and in combination with AM-PR.It also seeks to compare the changes in the content of the active ingredient when applied individually and in combination with in vitro AM-PR,further in-depth investigation into its material foundation in terms of pharmacokinetics,as well as the composition of the substance.Methods:Blood microdialysis samples were collected using microdialysis technology.These samples from rats with FC were compared after administration of AM,PR,and AM-PR.The concentration of the main active ingredients was determined using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tunable Ultraviolet(UPLC-TUV)method.The concentration of the main active ingredients of the decoction compatibility before and after combining AM-PR was also determined using the UPLC-TUV method.Results:Our findings reveal that upon combination,the time to maximum concentration(T_(max))of isochlorogenic acid A(ICA-A)and ataridolide Ⅱ(ATR-Ⅱ)T_(max)was prolonged,terminal elimination half-life(T_(1/2))was reduced,and maximum plasma concentrations(C_(max))increased.The T_(max)of ataridolide Ⅲ(ATR-Ⅲ)remained consistent,whereas its T_(1/2)and C_(max)were significantly reduced.Conversely,for peoniflorin(PAE),T_(max)occurred sooner,T_(1/2)was shortened,and C_(max)increased.The T_(max)for albiflorin(ALB)remained consistent,whereas T_(1/2)and C_(max)witnessed significant increases.The area under the moment curve(AUMC)(0-t)and AUMC(0-∞)of PAE,ALB,ICA-A,ATR-Ⅱ experienced an increase after AM-PR administration in rats,attributable to the heightened C_(max).In comparison to individual herb administration,the T_(max)of ALB was advanced in combination,the T_(max)of PAE remained unchanged,and the T_(max)of ICA-A and ART-Ⅱ was delayed,with an increased area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)(0-t),indicating enhanced C_(max)and bioavailability.Furthermore,the dissolution rates of PAE,ICA-A,and ATR-Ⅱ significantly improved after compatibility.Conclusions:This study partially clarifies the rationale and compatibility of AM-PR in treating FC and offers a new perspective on the pharmacokinetic interactions of AM-PR in FC treatment.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(ZHY18-153).
文摘Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradients(25,50,75%)were prepared to investigate the effects of extraction solvents on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid.The influences of ultrasonic frequency(35,50 Hz),ultrasonic power(40,60,80,100 W),ultrasonic time(10,20,30,40,50,60 minutes),and ultrasonic temperature(20,30,40,50℃)on the extraction efficiency were examined.Orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of temperature,time,and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency and to screen the optimal ultrasonic extraction process.Results Various influencing factors had certain effects on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.Single-factor analysis revealed that 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic power of 40 W,ultrasonic time of 10minutes,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃yielded the highest extraction efficiency for benzoic acid.The order of influence of different factors on the extraction efficiency was temperature>time>power.The optimal conditions obtained from orthogonal experiments were:extraction solvent of 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃.Conclusion Under the conditions of 25%methanol as the extraction solvent,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃,the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.was the highest.This method offers advantages such as simple operation,small sample size requirement,and low solvent consumption,providing a reliable analytical approach for quality control and safety evaluation of P.lactiflora Pall.
基金Supported by Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Republic of Korea,No.RS-2023-KH142002.
文摘BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adverse effects.Herbal medicine containing Paeoniae Radix(HCP)has traditionally been used in Korean medicine to treat RLS symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of HCP in treating RLS.METHODS This retrospective chart review study included 15 patients with RLS who were treated with HCP between September 2017 and August 2022 at the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital.The demographic,disease-related,and treatment-related characteristics,as well as the impressions of each patient,were analyzed.The study also evaluated the changes in the subjective complaints of RLS symptoms,the Korean version of the International Restless Legs Scale(KIRLS)scores before and after treatment,and the adverse events after HCP administration.RESULTS Following HCP administration,14 patients(93.3%)experienced a decrease in the degree of discomfort associated with their symptoms,with an average reduction to 44.7±35.1%compared to their discomfort levels before taking the drug.After treatment,the mean total K-IRLS score decreased significantly from 23.00±9.75 to 13.93±10.9(P=0.005).Among the HCP,a significant reduction in the K-IRLS score was observed in the Gyejibokryeonghwan(26.0±9.7 to 10.0±9.4,P=0.028)and Jakyakgamchotang(23.2±12.6 to 6.6±4.2,P=0.042)groups.Additionally,no adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION HCP improved symptoms in RLS patients.These results suggest that HCP may be an effective and safe alternative for RLS.A randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these findings.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology project:Exploring the Material Basis and Action Pathways of Baihu Tang's Antipyretic Effect based on Omics Technology(20240602036RC)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacology strategy,the therapeutic targets of APR-GR for MDD are predicted,differentially expressed genes from the Integrated Gene Expression database for MDD patients.Topological networks are constructed,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways are enriched,their pharmacological potential molecular mechanisms are discussed,and molecular docking analysis is performed to further motivate compositional and target interactions.Finally,the CUMS mouse model is used for validation.RESULTS:Based on the pharmacological network analysis,17 candidate genes were identified,including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1(CHRM1),muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),adrenergicα1A receptor(ADRA1A)and 5-hydroxytryptamine transfer protein(SLC6A4),etc.which are primarily involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism,neural response,oxidative stress response and other biological processes.Further analysis revealed that these targets are closely related to Ca^(2+),cyclic adenosine monophosphate,etc.,and exhibit optimal binding sites after molecular docking.Finally,in vivo experiments were performed and it was found that APR-GR significantly improved depression-like behavior and hippocampal impairment in mouse models,increasing brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,dopamine and norepinephrine and decreasing serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone,corticosterone and adreno cortico tropic hormone,while upregulating the expression of CHRM1,CHRM2 and ADRA1A in the hippocampus and downregulating the expression of SLC6A4 and ADRB2.CNCLUSION:This research sheds light on the potential molecular mechanism of APR-GR to improve MDD.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81202918)the Open Project of National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2011ZYX2-006)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou,China(Grant No.20130533B68 and 20131813A23)the Chinese Medicine Research Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2014ZQ008 and 2015ZQ011)the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(Grant No.2011ZY25 and 2013ZZ12)
文摘The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, a simple, easy, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive components in the herbal pairs. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity（r2≥0.9992）. The LODs and LOQs were ≤7.30 and 11.53 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-, inter-day and repeatability RSD values of the nine compounds were less than 3.86%, 2.71%, and 4.29%, respectively. The RSD stability values were less than 3.64%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.70%–102.10%, with RSD values less than 3.52%. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs.
文摘A new monoterpene glycoside, together with nine known ones, 3-O-methylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside J, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, oxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin and lactiflorin, was isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as galloylalbiflorin by the spectro- scopic evidence including ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra.
文摘A new monoterpene glycoside named paeonivayin with other seven known compounds were isolated from the roots of Paeonia delavayi Franch. and their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic studies.
文摘A new triterpenoid. 3 beta. 4 beta. 23-trihydroxy-24, 30-dinorolean-12. 20(29)-dien-28-oic acid. together with five known compounds. 2 alpha. 3 beta. 23-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid-beta -D-glucose glucopyranosyl ester. palbinone. 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid. syringic acid. were isolated from the roots of Paeonia delavayi Franch. Their structures were characterized by spectral analysis.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Laboratory of Phytochemistry Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A new monoterpene glycoside, acetoxypaeoniflorin, was isolated from the root cortex of Paeonia veitchii Lynch.. The structure was elucidated by spectral methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81874404).
文摘Objective: The analgesic effect of Paeonia Lactiflora has been widely accepted in traditional Chinese medicine. But little is known about the potential mechanism. This study aims to elucidate the effective components and analgesic mechanism based on network pharmacology. Methods: TCMSP was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem and further be used for reverse molecular docking in Swiss Target Prediction database to obtain potential targets. Pain-related molecules were obtained from GeenCards database, and the predicted targets of Paeonia Lactiflora for pain treatment were selected by Wayne diagram. For mechanism analysis, the protein-protein interactions were constructed by String, the GO analysis and KEGG analysis were conducted in DAVID. Results: Through GO analysis and KEGG analysis, we found that the pain related signaling pathways mainly involved in serotonergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator TRP channels. Using network-based systems biology and molecular docking analyses, we predicted that 11 active ingredients in Paeonia Lactiflora has the analgesic effects with 97 potential targets. PRKCA, CASP3, ALOX15, SLC6A4, PRKCG, ALOX5, PRKCB, ALOX12, EGFR, ADRB2, RYR3, RYR1, NOS2, PTAFR, PRKCQ, and PRKCD were involved in the analgesic effects of Paeonia Lactiflora. Conclusion: Paeonia Lactiflora may alleviate pain through inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, Ca2+ signaling pathway and 5-HT receptor. PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCD,PRKCQ, and PRKCG may be new targets for pain treatment.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paeonia lactiflora</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pall. var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">trichocarpa </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is a variety of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paeonia lactiflora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pall., and is currently the peony herb</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s principal cultivar group. Here, we study the differences in aromatic components and flowers of different varieties between two groups of cultivars, providing a reference for applying natural fragrance substances of peonies, breeding fragrant flower types, and developing and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using improved varieties. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME),</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), peak area normalization for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> each component relative to content, component library (NIST14/NIST14S) retrieval, and a literature review were used to analyze the volatile compounds in flowers of eight peony varieties, such as </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gaoganhong</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and ten comospore peony varieties, such as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jinshanhong</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results showed that the main volatile compound constituents in flowers of the two groups were terpenes and alcohols. Additionally, the content of eucalyptol, caryophyllene, α-Pinene, citronellol, and 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z) was high. Peony cultivars contained linalool,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> while comospore peony varieties contained 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol. In this study, the differences between the volatile components of flowers of different peony varieties were clarified, laying a foundation for further molecular biology research into the floral fragrance of peonies and the cultivation of new varieties of aromatic peonies. At the same time, it also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of peony flower by-products.
基金We thank for the funding support from the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases(No.2018B030322012).
文摘Objective To evaluate the difference between Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba,PRA)and Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra,PRR)from different regions based on the characteristic spectra of amino acids(AAs).Methods Fingerprints of the 21 standard AAs were established using O-phthalaldehyde-9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(OPA-FMOC)pre-column derivation method.The AA components in PRA and PRR were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively,and different AAs were screened using pattern recognition technology.Results Twelve AAs were identified in both PRA and PRR.Meanwhile,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,arginine,alanine,and gamma-aminobutyric acid were screened as characteristic components,and their concentrations could effectively distinguish PRA from PRR.Conclusion The established characterization method,which is based on the characteristic spectra of AAs,is accurate,efficient,and sensitive and can effectively distinguish between PRA and PRR from different producing areas,thus providing a reference for the overall characterization and evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.
