Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice.Methods(i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 mice in each group): no...Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice.Methods(i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 mice in each group): normal control(NC) group, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups, and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent CsA modeling. The NC group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), the LPS group with 10 mg/kg LPS eight hours before mice euthanized, and the 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups with corresponding doses of CsA for seven consecutive days. After treatment, the body and organ mass of each group were weighed, and the lung, thymus, and spleen indexes were calculated. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the lungs of the mice. The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-1β in the blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and those of surfactant protein D(SP-D), IL-2, and IL-6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA expression levels of SP-D, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).(ii) Another 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups(10 mice in each group) : NC group,model control(MC) group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent45 mg/kg CsA modeling. The NC and MC groups were treated with distilled water, the pachymaran groups with corresponding doses pachymaran, and the poly(I:C) group with 0.1 mg/kg poly(I:C) for seven days.The mice were euthanized to obtain tissues and serum for detection.Detection methods were identical to those described in(i) above.Results(i) CsA(30 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.001), and decreased the spleen index(P < 0.01), thymus index(P < 0.05), and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.05). CsA(45 mg/kg) decreased the spleen, thymus indexes, and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) in mice, and increased the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05) and the protein level of lung SP-D(P <0.001). CsA(60 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.01), the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05), the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of lung MPO and SP-D( P < 0.05), and decreased the thymus index of mice(P < 0.01). HE staining showed that 30, 45, and60 mg/kg CsA, and LPS caused pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice.(ii) After pachymaran intervention in MC mice, the spleen and thymus indexes(P < 0.05) were increased in the 100 and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and the lung index was decreased(P < 0.05).Moreover, 50 mg/kg pachymaran increased the thymus index(P < 0.05) and decreased the lung index(P < 0.01) in MC group. Pachymaran(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) improved lung tissue injury, reduced the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.001), and the mRNA levels of MPO and SPD in lung tissues(P < 0.05) of mice. Pachymaran(100 mg/kg) increased the protein level of lung IL-2(P < 0.01), decreased the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of IL-1β(P < 0.001) in the lung tissues of mice. Pachymaran(200 mg/kg) increased the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) and lung IL-6 of mice(P < 0.05). Pachymaran(50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the mRNA level of IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice(P < 0.05).Conclusion While the immune function of mice was suppressed by CsA, the lung tissue was also damaged. Pachymaran can improve the immunosuppression induced by CsA and improve the lung tissue injury in immunosuppressed mice.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine the optimum process conditions for the preparation of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. [Methods] A new type of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine was prepared by...[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine the optimum process conditions for the preparation of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. [Methods] A new type of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine was prepared by mixing and fermenting alkali-soluble pachymaran and glutinous rice as raw materials. The sensory score was used as the evaluation index to investigate the effects of three factors including the amount of alkali-soluble pachymaran, inoculation amount and fermentation temperature on the quality of the alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. The fermentation process of the rice wine was then optimized by an orthogonal experiment. [Results] With the proportion of the alkali-soluble pachymaran added of 0.4%, the inoculation amount of 0.6% and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, the sensory score of the prepared rice wine was the highest, which was 93.5 points. The alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine prepared under above conditions was rich in flavor and tasted sweet and sour. [Conclusions] The production of the new rice wine and the understanding of the development history of rice wine will provide reference for the future development of rice wine industry, and provide research directions for the development of new health drinks.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (8207425)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2021JJ30508 and 2020JJ4063)+3 种基金Hunan Provincial Scientific Research Project of Chinese Medicine (2021055)Changsha Outstanding and Innovative Youth Training Program (kq2106060)Key Discipline of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (Basic Medicine 1)the Excellent Teaching Team of Postgraduates in Hunan Province (Postgraduate Teaching Team of Basic Medicine, 118)。
文摘Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice.Methods(i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 mice in each group): normal control(NC) group, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups, and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent CsA modeling. The NC group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), the LPS group with 10 mg/kg LPS eight hours before mice euthanized, and the 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups with corresponding doses of CsA for seven consecutive days. After treatment, the body and organ mass of each group were weighed, and the lung, thymus, and spleen indexes were calculated. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the lungs of the mice. The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-1β in the blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and those of surfactant protein D(SP-D), IL-2, and IL-6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA expression levels of SP-D, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).(ii) Another 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups(10 mice in each group) : NC group,model control(MC) group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent45 mg/kg CsA modeling. The NC and MC groups were treated with distilled water, the pachymaran groups with corresponding doses pachymaran, and the poly(I:C) group with 0.1 mg/kg poly(I:C) for seven days.The mice were euthanized to obtain tissues and serum for detection.Detection methods were identical to those described in(i) above.Results(i) CsA(30 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.001), and decreased the spleen index(P < 0.01), thymus index(P < 0.05), and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.05). CsA(45 mg/kg) decreased the spleen, thymus indexes, and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) in mice, and increased the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05) and the protein level of lung SP-D(P <0.001). CsA(60 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.01), the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05), the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of lung MPO and SP-D( P < 0.05), and decreased the thymus index of mice(P < 0.01). HE staining showed that 30, 45, and60 mg/kg CsA, and LPS caused pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice.(ii) After pachymaran intervention in MC mice, the spleen and thymus indexes(P < 0.05) were increased in the 100 and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and the lung index was decreased(P < 0.05).Moreover, 50 mg/kg pachymaran increased the thymus index(P < 0.05) and decreased the lung index(P < 0.01) in MC group. Pachymaran(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) improved lung tissue injury, reduced the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.001), and the mRNA levels of MPO and SPD in lung tissues(P < 0.05) of mice. Pachymaran(100 mg/kg) increased the protein level of lung IL-2(P < 0.01), decreased the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of IL-1β(P < 0.001) in the lung tissues of mice. Pachymaran(200 mg/kg) increased the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) and lung IL-6 of mice(P < 0.05). Pachymaran(50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the mRNA level of IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice(P < 0.05).Conclusion While the immune function of mice was suppressed by CsA, the lung tissue was also damaged. Pachymaran can improve the immunosuppression induced by CsA and improve the lung tissue injury in immunosuppressed mice.
基金Supported by Youth Project of Hubei Education Department(03201718402)Huanggang Normal University High-level Cultivation Project(04201711903)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine the optimum process conditions for the preparation of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. [Methods] A new type of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine was prepared by mixing and fermenting alkali-soluble pachymaran and glutinous rice as raw materials. The sensory score was used as the evaluation index to investigate the effects of three factors including the amount of alkali-soluble pachymaran, inoculation amount and fermentation temperature on the quality of the alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. The fermentation process of the rice wine was then optimized by an orthogonal experiment. [Results] With the proportion of the alkali-soluble pachymaran added of 0.4%, the inoculation amount of 0.6% and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, the sensory score of the prepared rice wine was the highest, which was 93.5 points. The alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine prepared under above conditions was rich in flavor and tasted sweet and sour. [Conclusions] The production of the new rice wine and the understanding of the development history of rice wine will provide reference for the future development of rice wine industry, and provide research directions for the development of new health drinks.
