[Objective] The ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were researched in this experiment to provide basic referrences for studying nutritive physiological ecol...[Objective] The ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were researched in this experiment to provide basic referrences for studying nutritive physiological ecology of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis. [Method] The biochemical analytic method was used to detect the ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscle of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis. [Result] The ratio of flesh contents of female and male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 54.93% and 55.84% respectively. The contents of protein, total saccharides and fatty acid of female Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.44% ,1.70% and 0.68% respectively,while the same contents of male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.67%, 1.89% and 0.53% respectively. The total content of 18 kinds of amino acids was 12.72% （the proportion in fresh weight）, among which the content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids was 4.68%. The essential amino acids index（EAAI） was 72.68 and limiting amino acids was valine. There were 11 kinds of fatty acids in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, among which the content of unsaturated fatty acids （80.02%） was higher than that of saturated fatty acids（ 19.98% ）. [ Conclusion] Pachyhynobius shangchengensis was a kind of valuable natural resource belonging to the nutritious type of low fat content and high protein content.展开更多
The Shangcheng stout salamander(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis) is a poorly known stream dwelling hynobiid salamander from China. We studied the reproduction, development and growth response of the salamander to differ...The Shangcheng stout salamander(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis) is a poorly known stream dwelling hynobiid salamander from China. We studied the reproduction, development and growth response of the salamander to different diets in captivity. Two females each produced two unique, striated egg sacs, with each containing 18 and 20, and 22 and 32 white eggs with an average diameter of 3.3 mm. Hatchlings(n = 27) had front- and hind-limb buds with interdigit membranes and a large yolk sac, and developed cornified finger and toe tips during further development. Metamorphosis occurred between d 441 and d 454 after hatching at an average total length of 94.8 mm(n = 21). These reproductive and developmental traits fit in well with the ancestral state reconstruction in hynobiids. If corrected for dry mass, feed conversion ratios obtained by feeding bloodworms(Chironomidae) to P. shangchengensis larvae and mealworms(Tenebrio molitor) to postmetamorphs, were very low(0.33 and 0.34 respectively), equaling a very high mass conversion efficiency.展开更多
Compared with other terrestrial environments,the stream environment generally presents a linear spatial structure and relatively simple environment.In a stream landscape,the dispersal direction of stream-type organism...Compared with other terrestrial environments,the stream environment generally presents a linear spatial structure and relatively simple environment.In a stream landscape,the dispersal direction of stream-type organisms usually presents a linear structure along the stream,which results in the limited dispersal and the genetic differentiation of stream-type organisms across different stream sections.The Shangcheng Stout Salamander(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)is a narrowly distributed stream salamander in Dabie Mountains of East China.In the present study,we tested for the impact of stream landscape(i.e.waterfalls and underground river)on genetic structure and dispersal pattern in P.shangchengensis based on 12 nuclear microsatellite loci from 195 individuals in 3 populations(A,B and C)from three closely connected sections within one stream.Genetic diversity results suggested that Population B contains relatively high genetic diversity for P.shangchengensis when compared to the other populations(A and C).Detectable genetic differentiation was found(FST=0.008,P=0.007)among three populations,which was also supported by the Structure,FCA analysis and relatedness estimates of each pair of individuals among populations.The assignment test suggested that P.shangchengensis has philopatric males and female-biased dispersal(mean female Alc=.0.031,SE=0.225;mean male Alc=0.026,SE=0.198).Female-biased dispersal was also supported by analyses for each sex(i.e.Spatial autocorrelation,Genetic distance,Relatedness analysis).Our study indicated that small and isolated populations(A and C)had relatively low genetic diversity due to the limited population size.For stream salamanders,landscape features(i.e.waterfalls and underground river)can influence the ability of an individual to disperse through the landscape,and consequently influence the formation of strong genetic differentiation of P.shangchengensis.展开更多
两栖类有尾目物种的微卫星分离中的筛选成功率常常较低。为探索微卫星结构对筛选效率的影响,本研究通过AFLP快速分离法(fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats,FIASCO)对商城肥鲵(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)二...两栖类有尾目物种的微卫星分离中的筛选成功率常常较低。为探索微卫星结构对筛选效率的影响,本研究通过AFLP快速分离法(fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats,FIASCO)对商城肥鲵(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)二碱基重复类型和四碱基重复类型微卫星进行分离,并对微卫星序列进行了分析。研究中发现二碱基微卫星位点多以微卫星DNA家族形式存在,并因此导致了微卫星位点分离较低的筛选率;在四碱基重复的微卫星位点中未发现微卫星DNA家族的存在。对研究中得到的3个微卫星DNA家族的分析发现,同一家族的上、下游侧翼序列变异程度存在差异;毗邻微卫星重复单元区的侧翼序列碱基变异程度较高,而较远处的区段则相对保守。这些结构特征可能反映出微卫星DNA家族在演化中的复杂性。本文的研究结果提示在两栖动物的一些类群中,微卫星的筛选必须考虑微卫星DNA家族的影响,选取适宜的碱基重复类型将是决定筛选效率的关键。展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Key Program of Anyang City~~
文摘[Objective] The ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were researched in this experiment to provide basic referrences for studying nutritive physiological ecology of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis. [Method] The biochemical analytic method was used to detect the ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscle of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis. [Result] The ratio of flesh contents of female and male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 54.93% and 55.84% respectively. The contents of protein, total saccharides and fatty acid of female Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.44% ,1.70% and 0.68% respectively,while the same contents of male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.67%, 1.89% and 0.53% respectively. The total content of 18 kinds of amino acids was 12.72% （the proportion in fresh weight）, among which the content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids was 4.68%. The essential amino acids index（EAAI） was 72.68 and limiting amino acids was valine. There were 11 kinds of fatty acids in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, among which the content of unsaturated fatty acids （80.02%） was higher than that of saturated fatty acids（ 19.98% ）. [ Conclusion] Pachyhynobius shangchengensis was a kind of valuable natural resource belonging to the nutritious type of low fat content and high protein content.
基金supported by the grants of the Ministry of EducationScience and Culture+4 种基金Japan(Nos.2077006623770084)the JSPS AA Science Platform Program to Kanto NISHIKAWAand the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071906)the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-J-22) to Jianping JIANG
文摘The Shangcheng stout salamander(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis) is a poorly known stream dwelling hynobiid salamander from China. We studied the reproduction, development and growth response of the salamander to different diets in captivity. Two females each produced two unique, striated egg sacs, with each containing 18 and 20, and 22 and 32 white eggs with an average diameter of 3.3 mm. Hatchlings(n = 27) had front- and hind-limb buds with interdigit membranes and a large yolk sac, and developed cornified finger and toe tips during further development. Metamorphosis occurred between d 441 and d 454 after hatching at an average total length of 94.8 mm(n = 21). These reproductive and developmental traits fit in well with the ancestral state reconstruction in hynobiids. If corrected for dry mass, feed conversion ratios obtained by feeding bloodworms(Chironomidae) to P. shangchengensis larvae and mealworms(Tenebrio molitor) to postmetamorphs, were very low(0.33 and 0.34 respectively), equaling a very high mass conversion efficiency.
基金supported by the National Na tural Science Founda tion of China(Grant No.31272332)Biodiversity Survey,Monitoring and Assessment Project of Ministry of Ecology and Environment China(2019HB2096001006)+6 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC1200705)Anhui Province Higher Education Revitalization Plan2014 Colleges and Universities Outstanding Youth Talent Support Program2017 Anhui Province academic and technical leaders candidates(2017H130)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(Youth,1908085QC127)Research start-up funds of Anhui Normal University(No.751865)The Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(15KJB180003)。
文摘Compared with other terrestrial environments,the stream environment generally presents a linear spatial structure and relatively simple environment.In a stream landscape,the dispersal direction of stream-type organisms usually presents a linear structure along the stream,which results in the limited dispersal and the genetic differentiation of stream-type organisms across different stream sections.The Shangcheng Stout Salamander(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)is a narrowly distributed stream salamander in Dabie Mountains of East China.In the present study,we tested for the impact of stream landscape(i.e.waterfalls and underground river)on genetic structure and dispersal pattern in P.shangchengensis based on 12 nuclear microsatellite loci from 195 individuals in 3 populations(A,B and C)from three closely connected sections within one stream.Genetic diversity results suggested that Population B contains relatively high genetic diversity for P.shangchengensis when compared to the other populations(A and C).Detectable genetic differentiation was found(FST=0.008,P=0.007)among three populations,which was also supported by the Structure,FCA analysis and relatedness estimates of each pair of individuals among populations.The assignment test suggested that P.shangchengensis has philopatric males and female-biased dispersal(mean female Alc=.0.031,SE=0.225;mean male Alc=0.026,SE=0.198).Female-biased dispersal was also supported by analyses for each sex(i.e.Spatial autocorrelation,Genetic distance,Relatedness analysis).Our study indicated that small and isolated populations(A and C)had relatively low genetic diversity due to the limited population size.For stream salamanders,landscape features(i.e.waterfalls and underground river)can influence the ability of an individual to disperse through the landscape,and consequently influence the formation of strong genetic differentiation of P.shangchengensis.
文摘两栖类有尾目物种的微卫星分离中的筛选成功率常常较低。为探索微卫星结构对筛选效率的影响,本研究通过AFLP快速分离法(fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats,FIASCO)对商城肥鲵(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)二碱基重复类型和四碱基重复类型微卫星进行分离,并对微卫星序列进行了分析。研究中发现二碱基微卫星位点多以微卫星DNA家族形式存在,并因此导致了微卫星位点分离较低的筛选率;在四碱基重复的微卫星位点中未发现微卫星DNA家族的存在。对研究中得到的3个微卫星DNA家族的分析发现,同一家族的上、下游侧翼序列变异程度存在差异;毗邻微卫星重复单元区的侧翼序列碱基变异程度较高,而较远处的区段则相对保守。这些结构特征可能反映出微卫星DNA家族在演化中的复杂性。本文的研究结果提示在两栖动物的一些类群中,微卫星的筛选必须考虑微卫星DNA家族的影响,选取适宜的碱基重复类型将是决定筛选效率的关键。
