The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive ge...The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are still one of the greatest threats to human health,and the etiology of 20%of cases of clinical fever is unknown;therefore,rapid identification of pathogens is highly important.Traditi...BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are still one of the greatest threats to human health,and the etiology of 20%of cases of clinical fever is unknown;therefore,rapid identification of pathogens is highly important.Traditional culture methods are only able to detect a limited number of pathogens and are time-consuming;serologic detection has window periods,false-positive and false-negative problems;and nucleic acid molecular detection methods can detect several known pathogens only once.Three-generation nanopore sequencing technology provides new options for identifying pathogens.CASE SUMMARY Case 1:The patient was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain for three days and cessation of defecation for five days,accompanied by cough and sputum.Nanopore sequencing of the drainage fluid revealed the presence of orallike bacteria,leading to a clinical diagnosis of bronchopleural fistula.Cefoperazone sodium sulbactam treatment was effective.Case 2:The patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and headache,and CT revealed lung inflammation.Antibiotic treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae,identified through nanopore sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid,was effective.Case 3:The patient was admitted to our hospital with intermittent fever and an enlarged neck mass that had persisted for more than six months.Despite antibacterial treatment,her symptoms worsened.The nanopore sequencing results indicate that voriconazole treatment is effective for Aspergillus brookii.The patient was diagnosed with mixed cell type classical Hodgkin's lymphoma with infection.CONCLUSION Three-generation nanopore sequencing technology allows for rapid and accurate detection of pathogens in human infectious diseases.展开更多
In the history of bridge engineering, demand has always been the primary driving force for development. Driven by the huge demand for construction since China’s reform and opening-up, Chinese bridge has leapt forward...In the history of bridge engineering, demand has always been the primary driving force for development. Driven by the huge demand for construction since China’s reform and opening-up, Chinese bridge has leapt forward both quantitatively and qualitatively in three major stages, by completing the transition from “follower” to “competitor,” and nally to “leader.” A new future is emerging for Chinese bridge engi- neering. As an important part of China’s transportation infrastructure, the bridge engineering industry is facing challenges in this new era on how to support the construction of a new form of transportation. This paper provides a summary of the status of bridge technology in China, based on a basic analysis of stock demand, incremental demand, and management demand. It is our belief that the Chinese bridge engi- neering industry must ful ll three outstanding requirements: construction ef ciency, management effec- tiveness, and long-term service. Intelligent technology based on information technology provides a new opportunity for innovation in bridge engineering. As a result, the development path of bridge engineering needs to be changed. This paper puts forward the idea of developing a third-generation bridge project that is characterized by intelligence, and discusses this project’s implications, development focus, and plan. In this way, this work provides a direction for the improvement of the core competitiveness of China’s bridge engineering industry.展开更多
Intestinal dysbiosis is closely related to a variety of medical conditions,especially gastrointestinal diseases.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of koumiss on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in an out...Intestinal dysbiosis is closely related to a variety of medical conditions,especially gastrointestinal diseases.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of koumiss on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in an outpatient clinical trial(n=10;all female subjects aged 41-55;body mass index ranging from 19.5 to 25.8).Each patient consumed three servings of koumiss per day(i.e.250 ml daily before each of 3 meals)for a 60-day period.The improvement of patients'symptoms was monitored by comparing the total scores of symptoms before and after the treatment.Meanwhile,the changes in the patients’fecal microbiota composition and specific blood parameters were determined.After the 60-day koumiss administration,significant symptom improvements were observed,as evidenced by the reduction of the total symptoms score,and changes in blood platelet and cholesterol levels.The changes in patients’fecal microbiota composition were found.The patients’fecal microbiota fell into two distinct enterotypes,Bacteroides dorei/Bacteroides uniformis(BB-enterotype)and Prevotella copri(P-enterotype).Significant less Bacteroides uniformis was found in the BB-enterotype patient group,while significant more butyrate-producing bacteria(e.g.Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)were found in the P-enterotype patient group,following koumiss administration.After stopping koumiss consumption,the relative abundance of some biomarker taxa returned to the original level,suggesting that the gut microbiota modulatory effect was not permanent and that continuous koumiss administration was required to maintain the therapeutic effect.In conclusion,koumiss consumption could alleviate the symptoms of CAG patients.Our results may help understand the mechanism of koumiss in alleviating CAG disease symptoms,facilitating the development of such products with desired therapeutic functions.展开更多
Probiotics administration can improve host health. This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics （Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8） administration on milk production, milk func- tio...Probiotics administration can improve host health. This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics （Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8） administration on milk production, milk func- tional components, milk composition, and fecal microbiota of dairy cows. Variations in the fecal bacteria microbiota between treatments were assessed based on 16S rRNA profiles determined by PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology. The probiotics supplementation significantly increased the milk production and the contents of milk immunoglobulin C （IgG）, lactoferrin （LTF）, lysozyme （LYS） and lactoperoxidase （LP）, while the somatic cell counts （SCC） significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. However, no significant difference was found in the milk fat, protein and lactose contents （P 〉 0.05）. Although the probiotics supplementation did not change the fecal bacteria richness and diversity, significantly more rumen fermentative bacteria （ Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, CIostridium, Coprococcus and Dorea） and beneficial bacteria （Faecalibacterium prausnitzii） were found in the probiotics treatment group. Meanwhile, some opportunistic pathogens e.g. Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazakii and Alkaliphilus oremlandii, were suppressed. Additionally, we found some correlations between the milk production, milk components and fecal bacteria. To sum up, our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics application in improving the quality and quantity of cow milk production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901203)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030308008 and 2019A1515110671)+2 种基金Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302006)Shenzhen Commission on Innovation and Technology Programs(JCYJ20180507181837997)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662957)。
文摘The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.
基金Supported by Research and Development Funding for Medical and Health Institutions,No.2021YL007.
文摘BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are still one of the greatest threats to human health,and the etiology of 20%of cases of clinical fever is unknown;therefore,rapid identification of pathogens is highly important.Traditional culture methods are only able to detect a limited number of pathogens and are time-consuming;serologic detection has window periods,false-positive and false-negative problems;and nucleic acid molecular detection methods can detect several known pathogens only once.Three-generation nanopore sequencing technology provides new options for identifying pathogens.CASE SUMMARY Case 1:The patient was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain for three days and cessation of defecation for five days,accompanied by cough and sputum.Nanopore sequencing of the drainage fluid revealed the presence of orallike bacteria,leading to a clinical diagnosis of bronchopleural fistula.Cefoperazone sodium sulbactam treatment was effective.Case 2:The patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and headache,and CT revealed lung inflammation.Antibiotic treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae,identified through nanopore sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid,was effective.Case 3:The patient was admitted to our hospital with intermittent fever and an enlarged neck mass that had persisted for more than six months.Despite antibacterial treatment,her symptoms worsened.The nanopore sequencing results indicate that voriconazole treatment is effective for Aspergillus brookii.The patient was diagnosed with mixed cell type classical Hodgkin's lymphoma with infection.CONCLUSION Three-generation nanopore sequencing technology allows for rapid and accurate detection of pathogens in human infectious diseases.
文摘In the history of bridge engineering, demand has always been the primary driving force for development. Driven by the huge demand for construction since China’s reform and opening-up, Chinese bridge has leapt forward both quantitatively and qualitatively in three major stages, by completing the transition from “follower” to “competitor,” and nally to “leader.” A new future is emerging for Chinese bridge engi- neering. As an important part of China’s transportation infrastructure, the bridge engineering industry is facing challenges in this new era on how to support the construction of a new form of transportation. This paper provides a summary of the status of bridge technology in China, based on a basic analysis of stock demand, incremental demand, and management demand. It is our belief that the Chinese bridge engi- neering industry must ful ll three outstanding requirements: construction ef ciency, management effec- tiveness, and long-term service. Intelligent technology based on information technology provides a new opportunity for innovation in bridge engineering. As a result, the development path of bridge engineering needs to be changed. This paper puts forward the idea of developing a third-generation bridge project that is characterized by intelligence, and discusses this project’s implications, development focus, and plan. In this way, this work provides a direction for the improvement of the core competitiveness of China’s bridge engineering industry.
文摘Intestinal dysbiosis is closely related to a variety of medical conditions,especially gastrointestinal diseases.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of koumiss on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in an outpatient clinical trial(n=10;all female subjects aged 41-55;body mass index ranging from 19.5 to 25.8).Each patient consumed three servings of koumiss per day(i.e.250 ml daily before each of 3 meals)for a 60-day period.The improvement of patients'symptoms was monitored by comparing the total scores of symptoms before and after the treatment.Meanwhile,the changes in the patients’fecal microbiota composition and specific blood parameters were determined.After the 60-day koumiss administration,significant symptom improvements were observed,as evidenced by the reduction of the total symptoms score,and changes in blood platelet and cholesterol levels.The changes in patients’fecal microbiota composition were found.The patients’fecal microbiota fell into two distinct enterotypes,Bacteroides dorei/Bacteroides uniformis(BB-enterotype)and Prevotella copri(P-enterotype).Significant less Bacteroides uniformis was found in the BB-enterotype patient group,while significant more butyrate-producing bacteria(e.g.Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)were found in the P-enterotype patient group,following koumiss administration.After stopping koumiss consumption,the relative abundance of some biomarker taxa returned to the original level,suggesting that the gut microbiota modulatory effect was not permanent and that continuous koumiss administration was required to maintain the therapeutic effect.In conclusion,koumiss consumption could alleviate the symptoms of CAG patients.Our results may help understand the mechanism of koumiss in alleviating CAG disease symptoms,facilitating the development of such products with desired therapeutic functions.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-37)the Major Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region
文摘Probiotics administration can improve host health. This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics （Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8） administration on milk production, milk func- tional components, milk composition, and fecal microbiota of dairy cows. Variations in the fecal bacteria microbiota between treatments were assessed based on 16S rRNA profiles determined by PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology. The probiotics supplementation significantly increased the milk production and the contents of milk immunoglobulin C （IgG）, lactoferrin （LTF）, lysozyme （LYS） and lactoperoxidase （LP）, while the somatic cell counts （SCC） significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. However, no significant difference was found in the milk fat, protein and lactose contents （P 〉 0.05）. Although the probiotics supplementation did not change the fecal bacteria richness and diversity, significantly more rumen fermentative bacteria （ Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, CIostridium, Coprococcus and Dorea） and beneficial bacteria （Faecalibacterium prausnitzii） were found in the probiotics treatment group. Meanwhile, some opportunistic pathogens e.g. Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazakii and Alkaliphilus oremlandii, were suppressed. Additionally, we found some correlations between the milk production, milk components and fecal bacteria. To sum up, our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics application in improving the quality and quantity of cow milk production.
