Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Althoug...Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Although adversarial examples can strategically undermine the accuracy of BCSD models and protect critical code,existing techniques predominantly depend on inserting artificial instructions,which incur high computational costs and offer limited diversity of perturbations.To address these limitations,we propose AIMA,a novel gradient-guided assembly instruction relocation method.Our method decouples the detection model into tokenization,embedding,and encoding layers to enable efficient gradient computation.Since token IDs of instructions are discrete and nondifferentiable,we compute gradients in the continuous embedding space to evaluate the influence of each token.The most critical tokens are identified by calculating the L2 norm of their embedding gradients.We then establish a mapping between instructions and their corresponding tokens to aggregate token-level importance into instructionlevel significance.To maximize adversarial impact,a sliding window algorithm selects the most influential contiguous segments for relocation,ensuring optimal perturbation with minimal length.This approach efficiently locates critical code regions without expensive search operations.The selected segments are relocated outside their original function boundaries via a jump mechanism,which preserves runtime control flow and functionality while introducing“deletion”effects in the static instruction sequence.Extensive experiments show that AIMA reduces similarity scores by up to 35.8%in state-of-the-art BCSD models.When incorporated into training data,it also enhances model robustness,achieving a 5.9%improvement in AUROC.展开更多
The Binary star DataBase(BDB, http://bdb.inasan.ru) combines data from catalogs of binary and multiple stars of all observational types. There is a number of ways for variable stars to form or to be a part of binary o...The Binary star DataBase(BDB, http://bdb.inasan.ru) combines data from catalogs of binary and multiple stars of all observational types. There is a number of ways for variable stars to form or to be a part of binary or multiple systems. We describe how such stars are represented in the database.展开更多
This paper presents new CCD BV RI light curves of the newly discovered RS CVn eclipsing binary V1034 Her in 2009 and 2010, the shapes of which are different from previously published results. They show an asymmetric o...This paper presents new CCD BV RI light curves of the newly discovered RS CVn eclipsing binary V1034 Her in 2009 and 2010, the shapes of which are different from previously published results. They show an asymmetric outside eclipse, and we try to use a spot model to explain the phenomenon. Using the Wilson-Devinney program with a one-spot or two-spot model, photometric solutions of the system and starspot parameters were derived. Comparing the two results shows that the case of two spots is more successful in reproducing light-curve distortions. Looking at all the spot longitudes, the trend is towards active longitude belts and each active longitude belt may switch. Comparing the light curves from 2009 and 2010, we can see that the light curve changes over the long time scale of a year, especially in phase 0.25. In addition, we also collected the values of the maximum amplitudes of photometric distortion of the short-period RS CVn binary. We found for the first time that there is a trend of increasing activity with decreasing orbital period. Finally, fitting all available light minimum times including our newly obtained ones with a polynomial function confirmed that the orbital period of V1034 Her increased.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
In this paper,based on the structure-behavior coupling paradigm,we propose the concept of deviation of central town to describe the geography-market distance between farmers and the central regional town.Using the sur...In this paper,based on the structure-behavior coupling paradigm,we propose the concept of deviation of central town to describe the geography-market distance between farmers and the central regional town.Using the survey data from farmers in a poverty-stricken village in Western China,the impact of deviation of central town on farmers'livelihood strategies is analyzed.The results indicate that farmers exhibit spatial heterogeneity in their livelihood strategies.Those with low deviation show a strong inclination towards working in urban areas,while those with high deviation tend to integrate into rural industries.The deviation of central town influences farmers'livelihood strategies through the information effect,which is also affected by the level of rural infrastructure and public services,labor force structure and assistance policies.The obtained results are expected to provide guidance for promoting the integration of farmers into the urban-rural economic cycle based on sustainable livelihoods and connecting poverty alleviation with rural revitalization.展开更多
We present a detailed analysis of a double-lined spectroscopic binary system,Bo Gem,using data obtained from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST)and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Sat...We present a detailed analysis of a double-lined spectroscopic binary system,Bo Gem,using data obtained from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST)and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS).By applying spectral disentangling techniques to the LAMOST Medium Resolution Spectra,we determine the orbital parameters,including the orbital period of P=4.0689 days,and semimajor axis of a=14.90±0.04 R_(⊙).The mass ratio between the two components is found to be q=0.198±0.006,with an inclination of i=82°.3±0°.13.The photometric data from TESS revealed periodic light variations due to the eclipsing nature of the system,allowing for the determination of the primary star’s radius as R_(1)=1.68±0.03 R_(⊙)and the secondary star’s radius as R_(2)=3.68±0.04 R_(⊙).The effective temperatures of the primary and secondary stars are measured to be T_(eff,1)=9705±50 K and T_(eff,2)=5830±22 K,respectively.By analyzing the disentangled spectra,we determined the stellar atmospheric parameters—including surface gravity and metallicity of both stars.These results not only confirm the double-lined spectroscopic binary status of Bo Gem,but also underscore its value as an important system for testing and refining stellar evolution models.展开更多
This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conf...This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conflicts,hindering the sustainable development of humanity.The paper explores the“binary co-existence”philosophy from Eastern thought.It explains its basis,applications,and significance in overcoming global social issues currently encountered.This philosophy emphasizes mutual dependence of opposites,offering solutions to global challenges.The paper stresses the urgency of shifting from binary opposition to binary co-existence,crucial for resolving conflicts and promoting sustainable development.It discusses ways like education and media to achieve this for global harmony.展开更多
Al-Wardat's method is used in this research to analyze the two components of the HD 25811 binary system,which combines the results of speckle interferometry with the astrometric data to construct the synthetic spe...Al-Wardat's method is used in this research to analyze the two components of the HD 25811 binary system,which combines the results of speckle interferometry with the astrometric data to construct the synthetic spectral energy distribution of the system.The method results in the effective temperatures at 7100±50 K for component A and 7000±50 K for component B,while their masses measure as 1.65±0.15M_(⊙)for component A and1.58±0.14M_(⊙)for component B.The system exists at an estimated age of 0.794 Gyr,while both stars remain in their initial subgiant evolutionary phase.The evolutionary tracks together with isochrones for Z=0.03 validate that the system components share both their origin and chemical compositions.The orbital analysis shows that the system has a period of 15.97 yr and an eccentricity of 0.713,while the total system mass amounts to3.65±0.49 M_(⊙).We detailedly analyze the system's orbital dynamics to assess planetary stability and habitability zones,which lead to the dynamics of circumbinary(P-type)and circumstellar(S-type)orbits using empirical criteria,revealing large regions in which planetary orbits remain dynamically stable.Luminosities and effective temperatures of each stellar component are used to determine their habitable zones.展开更多
Despite many attempts,the origin of UV emission line and continuum in contact binary stars remains unclear.We present a substantial UV spectroscopic analysis of VW Cephei,a late-type contact binary system,using 46 low...Despite many attempts,the origin of UV emission line and continuum in contact binary stars remains unclear.We present a substantial UV spectroscopic analysis of VW Cephei,a late-type contact binary system,using 46 lowresolution spectra from the International Ultraviolet Explorer in the wavelength range 1150-1978À.By modeling continuum and emissions lines in individual spectra,we report the significant detection of O Ⅲ](1660 and 1666À)and Si Ⅳ(1393 and 1402À)line complexes.We observe that UV fluxes for both continuum and emission lines like C Ⅳ,O Ⅲ],C Ⅱ and Si Ⅳ vary significantly(fractional rms variability up to 45%)from hours to years.In addition,line widths also change by hundreds of km s^(-1).The UV flux variabilities observed in the continuum bands and line emissions are uncorrelated.However,most of the flux values follow the binary orbital period observed from optical data.Our analysis indicates that,while the variation in continuum flux may be attributed to a heated photosphere,the line width measurements indicate that the emission lines are likely formed in the dynamical clouds associated with Roche lobe overflow.We estimate the mass transfer rate of M=(0.82±0.01)×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr^(-1)from UV line fluxes,which is in good agreement with optical studies.展开更多
High-temperature performance of energy storage dielectric polymers is desired for many electronics and electrical applications,but the trade-off between energy density and temperature stability remains fundamentally c...High-temperature performance of energy storage dielectric polymers is desired for many electronics and electrical applications,but the trade-off between energy density and temperature stability remains fundamentally challenging.Here,we report a general material design strategy to enhance energy storage performance at high temperatures by crosslinking a polar polymer and a high glass-transition temperature polymer as a crosslinked binary blend.Such crosslinked binary polymers display a temperature-insensitive and high energy density behavior of about6.2~8.5 J cm^(-3) up to 110℃,showing a significant enhancement in thermal resistant properties and consequently outperforming most of the other ferroelectric polymers.Further microstructural investigations reveal that the improved thermal stability stems from the confinement effect on conformational motion of the crosslinking network,which is evidenced by the increased rigid amorphous fraction and steady intermolecular distance of amorphous regions from temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction results.Our findings provide a general and straightforward strategy to attain temperature-stable,high-energy-density polymer-based dielectrics for energy storage capacitors.展开更多
Background:To investigate the consistency level of binary symptom assessment in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers,and to analyze the related factors influencing consistency.Methods:By using the ...Background:To investigate the consistency level of binary symptom assessment in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers,and to analyze the related factors influencing consistency.Methods:By using the convenience sampling method,patients with heart failure and their main caregivers in the Department of Cardiology of a tertiary hospital in Suzhou from May to November 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The HFSS scale was used for data collection.The paired t-test or paired Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences in the binary symptom assessment scores of heart failure.The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess the consistency level of the binary symptom assessment.The Pearson correlation test was used to examine the correlation of the binary symptom assessment.Regression analysis was employed to explore the factors related to the consistency assessment.Results:A total of 103 pairs of valid questionnaires were collected.The consistency levels of symptom evaluations in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers were statistically significant(P<0.05).The most frequently reported and severe symptom by patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers is shortness of breath during activity.Both have a high consensus on the severity and urgency of most heart failure symptoms.The patient’s gender,body mass index,number of children,history of diabetes,number of comorbidities,mean arterial pressure,LVEF,number of stents,whether a defibrillator was implanted,as well as the gender,marital status,education level,relationship with the patient,care time,whether they lived together,and communication and interaction situation of the main caregiver were the influencing factors for the consistency of binary symptom assessment of heart failure(P<0.05).Conclusion:The degree of consistency in binary symptom assessment between patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers was moderate or higher,which emphasizes the importance of including binary groups in clinical assessment.展开更多
This study presents a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the W UMa-type binary NR Cam,using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)and ground-based observations.The light curves exhib...This study presents a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the W UMa-type binary NR Cam,using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)and ground-based observations.The light curves exhibit significant variable,with a negative correlation between the brightness of the two maxima—a characteristic of W UMa-type binaries typically attributed to magnetic activity.To explain this behavior,we incorporated a starspot model into our Wilson–Devinney analysis.Our results confirm that NR Cam is a W-subtype,moderately contact binary with a low mass ratio of q=5.75(±0.03)and a fill-out factor of f=33.4(±3.1)%.We also analyzed the orbital period variation using all available times of minima.The resulting O−C diagram reveals a long-term decreasing trend in the orbital period at a rate of dP/dt=−5.18(±0.02)×10^(-8) day yr^(-1),superimposed with a periodic oscillation characterized by an amplitude of A_(3)=0.0019(±0.0001)day and an oscillation period of P_(3)=7.776(±0.003)yr.The long-term decrease is likely due to mass transfer between the binary components,with an estimated mass transfer rate of dM_(2)/dt=1.33(±0.01)×10^(-8)M_(⊙)yr^(-1).The periodic oscillations are likely driven by the light-travel time effect caused by a tertiary companion,with a minimum mass of M_(3)=0.0956(1)M_(⊙)and a maximum separation of 3.841(6)au.Additionally,we considered the possibility that the periodic variation could result from changes in the gravitational quadrupole moment due to magnetic activity cycles,as described by the Applegate mechanism.Our findings confirm that NR Cam is an active binary system,where magnetic activity plays a significant role in its orbital evolution.These results contribute to our understanding of the magnetic dynamics and evolutionary processes in contact binary systems.展开更多
This work studies the impact of the carbon diffusion on the growth kinetics of austenite and the solute segregation,by utilizing the phase-field(PF)method to simulate the solidification of a Fe-C binary alloy.It is re...This work studies the impact of the carbon diffusion on the growth kinetics of austenite and the solute segregation,by utilizing the phase-field(PF)method to simulate the solidification of a Fe-C binary alloy.It is revealed that increasing the ratio of the carbon diffusion coefficient in solid to that in liquid is advantageous in reducing the solute segregation,and a novel microsegregation model is developed based on the quantitative analysis of the results from PF simulations.The simplified one-dimensional diffusion simulation is employed to analyse the quantitative relationship between the parameters of the proposed microsegregation model and the properties of materials.The universality and reliability of the new microsegregation model are then validated by comparing with the experimental data of various alloy systems.These findings contribute to our comprehension of the fundamental theory of solidification and also provide a potential and promising approach to controlling the solidification microstructure.展开更多
Thermodynamic cycles are the main approach of energy conversion,which is the main source of carbon emis-sion.The working fluid is the energy carrier of thermodynamic cycles.And refrigerant is widely employed in low an...Thermodynamic cycles are the main approach of energy conversion,which is the main source of carbon emis-sion.The working fluid is the energy carrier of thermodynamic cycles.And refrigerant is widely employed in low and medium grade energy utilization and heating ventilation and air conditioning.The refrigerant mixtures can effectively combine the advantages of their components,which plays a key role in decarbonization.As a basic thermophysical property,critical temperature,T_(c),plays an important role in thermodynamic calculation and thermodynamics system design.In this work,the structure-property relationship models of T_(c) for binary re-frigerants were established by developing predictive models based on 61 binary refrigerants with 275 sets of experimental T_(c) data and six machine learning algorithms.Also,specific halogenated groups of refrigerants are used to characterize the components and molecular structures of binary mixtures.The Multiple-layer Perceptron model owns the best fitting and generalization ability with the average deviation is lower than 2%.Compared with conventional methods,the proposed model does not rely on any experimental property data or empirical parameters,and can accurately predict T_(c) of binary refrigerant mixtures directly from their components and mixing ratios.The present work could be guided in building predictive models for other properties,thereby supporting the development of novel refrigerant mixtures.展开更多
The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory si...The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.展开更多
Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital perio...Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.展开更多
We simulate the gravitational redshift of quantum matter waves with a long de Broglie wavelength by tracing particle beams along geodesics,when they propagate within the rotation plane of binary black holes.The angula...We simulate the gravitational redshift of quantum matter waves with a long de Broglie wavelength by tracing particle beams along geodesics,when they propagate within the rotation plane of binary black holes.The angular momentum of the binary black hole causes an asymmetric gravitational redshift distribution around the two black holes.The gravitational redshift changes the frequency of quantum matter waves and their wavelength,resulting in the different interference patterns of quantum matter waves with respect to different wavelengths.The interference pattern demonstrates strong contrast intensity and spatial order with respect to different wavelengths and the rotational angle of the binary black hole.A bright semicircular arc emerges from the interference pattern to bridge the two black holes,when they rotate to certain angles,which provides a theoretical understanding on the gravitational lensing effect of quantum matter waves.展开更多
The chain conformation of polymers in binary solvent mixtures is a key issue in the study of functional soft matter and lies at the heart of various applications such as smart soft materials.Based on a minimal lattice...The chain conformation of polymers in binary solvent mixtures is a key issue in the study of functional soft matter and lies at the heart of various applications such as smart soft materials.Based on a minimal lattice model,we employ Monte Carlo(MC)simulation to systematically investigate the effects of solvent qualities on the conformation of a single homopolymer chain in binary mixed solvents.We also perform calculations using a Flory-type mean-field theory.We focus on how the introduction of a second solvent B affects the dependence of chain conformation on the quality of solvent A.We mainly examine the effects of the composition of solvent B,denoted by x,and the interactions between the two solvents.First,when x is low,the mean-square chain radius of gyration exhibits qualitatively similar behaviors to those in an individual solvent A,with a slight chain contraction when solvent A is very good.Second,in equal-molar mixtures with x=0.5,a homopolymer chain collapses when solvent A is either poor or very good,while expands at intermediate qualities.Lastly,at large x,a chain undergoes a coil-to-globule transition with the increasing quality of solvent A when solvent B is good,but mainly adopts the collapsed conformation when solvent B is poor.Our findings not only improve our understanding on the chain conformation in binary solvent mixtures,but also provide valuable guidance on the rational design of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials.展开更多
Using ground-based telescopes,the multi-color photometric observations of the contact binary EF Boo were obtained in 2020,2023,and 2024.Combining these with 7-sectors of light curves from TESS data,the variations of t...Using ground-based telescopes,the multi-color photometric observations of the contact binary EF Boo were obtained in 2020,2023,and 2024.Combining these with 7-sectors of light curves from TESS data,the variations of the O'Connell effect in continuous time and shapes of light curves over several years were identified.Three sets of typical light curves were analyzed to determine the photometric solutions via the Wilson-Devinney program.Considering the spectroscopic mass ratio of q=0.53,these photometric solutions suggest that EF Boo is a W-type W UMa contact binary with the averaged filling factor of f=22.26%,a small temperature difference,and a cool spot on the primary component.If the variations of the O'Connell effect are due to the magnetic activity of this cool spot,the longitudinal location varied from 50.4 to 302.7 over the time interval of 1434 days.Based on all CCD minimum times from ground-based telescope and TESS data,the O-C curve was also analyzed.A cyclic oscillation(A3=0.00575 days,T3=27.8 yr)superimposed on a secular increase(dP/dt=6.74×10^(-8)day yr^(-1))was discovered for the first time.The successive increase is possibly a result of mass transfer from the less massive star to the more massive one.The cyclic oscillations were possibly explained by the light-travel time effect via a third body or the magnetic activities.From the short cadence observations from TESS,we also calculated the value of the O'Connell effect and O-C value for each cycle and found no correlation between the O'Connell effect and O-C over nearly 30 days across different sectors.展开更多
We presented the first photometric light curve solutions of four W Ursae Majoris-type contact binary systems.This investigation utilized photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and Gaia Data Re...We presented the first photometric light curve solutions of four W Ursae Majoris-type contact binary systems.This investigation utilized photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and Gaia Data Release 3(DR3).We used the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for these light curve solutions.Only TIC 249064185 among the target systems needed a cold starspot to be included in the analysis.Based on the estimated mass ratios for these total eclipse systems,three of them are categorized as low mass ratio contact binary stars.The absolute parameters of the systems were estimated using the Gaia DR3 parallax method and the orbital period and semimajor axis(P-a)empirical relationship.We ascertained that the TIC 318015356 and TIC 55522736 systems are A-subtypes,while TIC 249064185 and TIC 397984843 are W-subtypes,depending on each component’s effective temperature and mass.We estimated the initial masses of the stars,the mass lost by the binary system,and the systems’ages.We displayed star positions in the mass-radius,mass-luminosity,and total mass-orbital angular momentum diagrams.In addition,our findings indicate a good agreement with the mass-temperature empirical parameter relationship for the primary stars.展开更多
基金supported by Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education,China。
文摘Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Although adversarial examples can strategically undermine the accuracy of BCSD models and protect critical code,existing techniques predominantly depend on inserting artificial instructions,which incur high computational costs and offer limited diversity of perturbations.To address these limitations,we propose AIMA,a novel gradient-guided assembly instruction relocation method.Our method decouples the detection model into tokenization,embedding,and encoding layers to enable efficient gradient computation.Since token IDs of instructions are discrete and nondifferentiable,we compute gradients in the continuous embedding space to evaluate the influence of each token.The most critical tokens are identified by calculating the L2 norm of their embedding gradients.We then establish a mapping between instructions and their corresponding tokens to aggregate token-level importance into instructionlevel significance.To maximize adversarial impact,a sliding window algorithm selects the most influential contiguous segments for relocation,ensuring optimal perturbation with minimal length.This approach efficiently locates critical code regions without expensive search operations.The selected segments are relocated outside their original function boundaries via a jump mechanism,which preserves runtime control flow and functionality while introducing“deletion”effects in the static instruction sequence.Extensive experiments show that AIMA reduces similarity scores by up to 35.8%in state-of-the-art BCSD models.When incorporated into training data,it also enhances model robustness,achieving a 5.9%improvement in AUROC.
基金supportedby the Russian Foundation of Basic Researches,projects 16–07–1162 and 18–02–00890Funding for the DPAC has been provided by nationalinstitutions, in particular the institutions participating inthe Gaia Multilateral Agreement
文摘The Binary star DataBase(BDB, http://bdb.inasan.ru) combines data from catalogs of binary and multiple stars of all observational types. There is a number of ways for variable stars to form or to be a part of binary or multiple systems. We describe how such stars are represented in the database.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinasupported by Guizhou University (Grant No.2008036)+1 种基金the Guizhou Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos.20092263 and 20104014)supported by the Joint Fund of Astronomy of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10978010 and 10963001)
文摘This paper presents new CCD BV RI light curves of the newly discovered RS CVn eclipsing binary V1034 Her in 2009 and 2010, the shapes of which are different from previously published results. They show an asymmetric outside eclipse, and we try to use a spot model to explain the phenomenon. Using the Wilson-Devinney program with a one-spot or two-spot model, photometric solutions of the system and starspot parameters were derived. Comparing the two results shows that the case of two spots is more successful in reproducing light-curve distortions. Looking at all the spot longitudes, the trend is towards active longitude belts and each active longitude belt may switch. Comparing the light curves from 2009 and 2010, we can see that the light curve changes over the long time scale of a year, especially in phase 0.25. In addition, we also collected the values of the maximum amplitudes of photometric distortion of the short-period RS CVn binary. We found for the first time that there is a trend of increasing activity with decreasing orbital period. Finally, fitting all available light minimum times including our newly obtained ones with a polynomial function confirmed that the orbital period of V1034 Her increased.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
文摘In this paper,based on the structure-behavior coupling paradigm,we propose the concept of deviation of central town to describe the geography-market distance between farmers and the central regional town.Using the survey data from farmers in a poverty-stricken village in Western China,the impact of deviation of central town on farmers'livelihood strategies is analyzed.The results indicate that farmers exhibit spatial heterogeneity in their livelihood strategies.Those with low deviation show a strong inclination towards working in urban areas,while those with high deviation tend to integrate into rural industries.The deviation of central town influences farmers'livelihood strategies through the information effect,which is also affected by the level of rural infrastructure and public services,labor force structure and assistance policies.The obtained results are expected to provide guidance for promoting the integration of farmers into the urban-rural economic cycle based on sustainable livelihoods and connecting poverty alleviation with rural revitalization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China for the Intergovernmental Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Project under No.2022YFE0126200Tianshan Talent Training Program under No.2023TSYCLJ0053+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.12090040/4,12022304,11973052,11973042,U1931102,12373036the National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFA0405502support from the Guo Shou Jing TelescopeGuo Shou Jing Telescope(the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST)is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission.
文摘We present a detailed analysis of a double-lined spectroscopic binary system,Bo Gem,using data obtained from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST)and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS).By applying spectral disentangling techniques to the LAMOST Medium Resolution Spectra,we determine the orbital parameters,including the orbital period of P=4.0689 days,and semimajor axis of a=14.90±0.04 R_(⊙).The mass ratio between the two components is found to be q=0.198±0.006,with an inclination of i=82°.3±0°.13.The photometric data from TESS revealed periodic light variations due to the eclipsing nature of the system,allowing for the determination of the primary star’s radius as R_(1)=1.68±0.03 R_(⊙)and the secondary star’s radius as R_(2)=3.68±0.04 R_(⊙).The effective temperatures of the primary and secondary stars are measured to be T_(eff,1)=9705±50 K and T_(eff,2)=5830±22 K,respectively.By analyzing the disentangled spectra,we determined the stellar atmospheric parameters—including surface gravity and metallicity of both stars.These results not only confirm the double-lined spectroscopic binary status of Bo Gem,but also underscore its value as an important system for testing and refining stellar evolution models.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Funding Project of Westlake University under Grant No.WU2024A001.
文摘This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conflicts,hindering the sustainable development of humanity.The paper explores the“binary co-existence”philosophy from Eastern thought.It explains its basis,applications,and significance in overcoming global social issues currently encountered.This philosophy emphasizes mutual dependence of opposites,offering solutions to global challenges.The paper stresses the urgency of shifting from binary opposition to binary co-existence,crucial for resolving conflicts and promoting sustainable development.It discusses ways like education and media to achieve this for global harmony.
文摘Al-Wardat's method is used in this research to analyze the two components of the HD 25811 binary system,which combines the results of speckle interferometry with the astrometric data to construct the synthetic spectral energy distribution of the system.The method results in the effective temperatures at 7100±50 K for component A and 7000±50 K for component B,while their masses measure as 1.65±0.15M_(⊙)for component A and1.58±0.14M_(⊙)for component B.The system exists at an estimated age of 0.794 Gyr,while both stars remain in their initial subgiant evolutionary phase.The evolutionary tracks together with isochrones for Z=0.03 validate that the system components share both their origin and chemical compositions.The orbital analysis shows that the system has a period of 15.97 yr and an eccentricity of 0.713,while the total system mass amounts to3.65±0.49 M_(⊙).We detailedly analyze the system's orbital dynamics to assess planetary stability and habitability zones,which lead to the dynamics of circumbinary(P-type)and circumstellar(S-type)orbits using empirical criteria,revealing large regions in which planetary orbits remain dynamically stable.Luminosities and effective temperatures of each stellar component are used to determine their habitable zones.
基金DST,Government of India for the award of INSPIRE fellowship(IF230384)。
文摘Despite many attempts,the origin of UV emission line and continuum in contact binary stars remains unclear.We present a substantial UV spectroscopic analysis of VW Cephei,a late-type contact binary system,using 46 lowresolution spectra from the International Ultraviolet Explorer in the wavelength range 1150-1978À.By modeling continuum and emissions lines in individual spectra,we report the significant detection of O Ⅲ](1660 and 1666À)and Si Ⅳ(1393 and 1402À)line complexes.We observe that UV fluxes for both continuum and emission lines like C Ⅳ,O Ⅲ],C Ⅱ and Si Ⅳ vary significantly(fractional rms variability up to 45%)from hours to years.In addition,line widths also change by hundreds of km s^(-1).The UV flux variabilities observed in the continuum bands and line emissions are uncorrelated.However,most of the flux values follow the binary orbital period observed from optical data.Our analysis indicates that,while the variation in continuum flux may be attributed to a heated photosphere,the line width measurements indicate that the emission lines are likely formed in the dynamical clouds associated with Roche lobe overflow.We estimate the mass transfer rate of M=(0.82±0.01)×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr^(-1)from UV line fluxes,which is in good agreement with optical studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52207031)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710500)。
文摘High-temperature performance of energy storage dielectric polymers is desired for many electronics and electrical applications,but the trade-off between energy density and temperature stability remains fundamentally challenging.Here,we report a general material design strategy to enhance energy storage performance at high temperatures by crosslinking a polar polymer and a high glass-transition temperature polymer as a crosslinked binary blend.Such crosslinked binary polymers display a temperature-insensitive and high energy density behavior of about6.2~8.5 J cm^(-3) up to 110℃,showing a significant enhancement in thermal resistant properties and consequently outperforming most of the other ferroelectric polymers.Further microstructural investigations reveal that the improved thermal stability stems from the confinement effect on conformational motion of the crosslinking network,which is evidenced by the increased rigid amorphous fraction and steady intermolecular distance of amorphous regions from temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction results.Our findings provide a general and straightforward strategy to attain temperature-stable,high-energy-density polymer-based dielectrics for energy storage capacitors.
文摘Background:To investigate the consistency level of binary symptom assessment in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers,and to analyze the related factors influencing consistency.Methods:By using the convenience sampling method,patients with heart failure and their main caregivers in the Department of Cardiology of a tertiary hospital in Suzhou from May to November 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The HFSS scale was used for data collection.The paired t-test or paired Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences in the binary symptom assessment scores of heart failure.The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess the consistency level of the binary symptom assessment.The Pearson correlation test was used to examine the correlation of the binary symptom assessment.Regression analysis was employed to explore the factors related to the consistency assessment.Results:A total of 103 pairs of valid questionnaires were collected.The consistency levels of symptom evaluations in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers were statistically significant(P<0.05).The most frequently reported and severe symptom by patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers is shortness of breath during activity.Both have a high consensus on the severity and urgency of most heart failure symptoms.The patient’s gender,body mass index,number of children,history of diabetes,number of comorbidities,mean arterial pressure,LVEF,number of stents,whether a defibrillator was implanted,as well as the gender,marital status,education level,relationship with the patient,care time,whether they lived together,and communication and interaction situation of the main caregiver were the influencing factors for the consistency of binary symptom assessment of heart failure(P<0.05).Conclusion:The degree of consistency in binary symptom assessment between patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers was moderate or higher,which emphasizes the importance of including binary groups in clinical assessment.
基金supported by the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (grant Nos.202410649025 and S202410649206)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (grant No.2025Z NSFSC0315)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Detection and Application of Space Effect in Southwest Sichuan at Leshan Normal University,Education Department of Sichuan Province (grant No.ZDXM202401002)supported by National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This study presents a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the W UMa-type binary NR Cam,using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)and ground-based observations.The light curves exhibit significant variable,with a negative correlation between the brightness of the two maxima—a characteristic of W UMa-type binaries typically attributed to magnetic activity.To explain this behavior,we incorporated a starspot model into our Wilson–Devinney analysis.Our results confirm that NR Cam is a W-subtype,moderately contact binary with a low mass ratio of q=5.75(±0.03)and a fill-out factor of f=33.4(±3.1)%.We also analyzed the orbital period variation using all available times of minima.The resulting O−C diagram reveals a long-term decreasing trend in the orbital period at a rate of dP/dt=−5.18(±0.02)×10^(-8) day yr^(-1),superimposed with a periodic oscillation characterized by an amplitude of A_(3)=0.0019(±0.0001)day and an oscillation period of P_(3)=7.776(±0.003)yr.The long-term decrease is likely due to mass transfer between the binary components,with an estimated mass transfer rate of dM_(2)/dt=1.33(±0.01)×10^(-8)M_(⊙)yr^(-1).The periodic oscillations are likely driven by the light-travel time effect caused by a tertiary companion,with a minimum mass of M_(3)=0.0956(1)M_(⊙)and a maximum separation of 3.841(6)au.Additionally,we considered the possibility that the periodic variation could result from changes in the gravitational quadrupole moment due to magnetic activity cycles,as described by the Applegate mechanism.Our findings confirm that NR Cam is an active binary system,where magnetic activity plays a significant role in its orbital evolution.These results contribute to our understanding of the magnetic dynamics and evolutionary processes in contact binary systems.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.J2019-VI-0019-0134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52203301)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021TQ0335)the Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Fund(Doctoral Research Initiation Project)(Grant No.2024-BSLH-195).
文摘This work studies the impact of the carbon diffusion on the growth kinetics of austenite and the solute segregation,by utilizing the phase-field(PF)method to simulate the solidification of a Fe-C binary alloy.It is revealed that increasing the ratio of the carbon diffusion coefficient in solid to that in liquid is advantageous in reducing the solute segregation,and a novel microsegregation model is developed based on the quantitative analysis of the results from PF simulations.The simplified one-dimensional diffusion simulation is employed to analyse the quantitative relationship between the parameters of the proposed microsegregation model and the properties of materials.The universality and reliability of the new microsegregation model are then validated by comparing with the experimental data of various alloy systems.These findings contribute to our comprehension of the fundamental theory of solidification and also provide a potential and promising approach to controlling the solidification microstructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52276001)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0353 and No.CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0087).
文摘Thermodynamic cycles are the main approach of energy conversion,which is the main source of carbon emis-sion.The working fluid is the energy carrier of thermodynamic cycles.And refrigerant is widely employed in low and medium grade energy utilization and heating ventilation and air conditioning.The refrigerant mixtures can effectively combine the advantages of their components,which plays a key role in decarbonization.As a basic thermophysical property,critical temperature,T_(c),plays an important role in thermodynamic calculation and thermodynamics system design.In this work,the structure-property relationship models of T_(c) for binary re-frigerants were established by developing predictive models based on 61 binary refrigerants with 275 sets of experimental T_(c) data and six machine learning algorithms.Also,specific halogenated groups of refrigerants are used to characterize the components and molecular structures of binary mixtures.The Multiple-layer Perceptron model owns the best fitting and generalization ability with the average deviation is lower than 2%.Compared with conventional methods,the proposed model does not rely on any experimental property data or empirical parameters,and can accurately predict T_(c) of binary refrigerant mixtures directly from their components and mixing ratios.The present work could be guided in building predictive models for other properties,thereby supporting the development of novel refrigerant mixtures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11633001,11920101003,and 12205222 for S.H.)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12433001)+1 种基金the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203001 for Z.C.Z.).
文摘The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.
基金support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract No.20-02-00563A.
文摘Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.
文摘We simulate the gravitational redshift of quantum matter waves with a long de Broglie wavelength by tracing particle beams along geodesics,when they propagate within the rotation plane of binary black holes.The angular momentum of the binary black hole causes an asymmetric gravitational redshift distribution around the two black holes.The gravitational redshift changes the frequency of quantum matter waves and their wavelength,resulting in the different interference patterns of quantum matter waves with respect to different wavelengths.The interference pattern demonstrates strong contrast intensity and spatial order with respect to different wavelengths and the rotational angle of the binary black hole.A bright semicircular arc emerges from the interference pattern to bridge the two black holes,when they rotate to certain angles,which provides a theoretical understanding on the gravitational lensing effect of quantum matter waves.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22473024,22073016 and 21803011)the award of Shanghai Dongfang Scholar。
文摘The chain conformation of polymers in binary solvent mixtures is a key issue in the study of functional soft matter and lies at the heart of various applications such as smart soft materials.Based on a minimal lattice model,we employ Monte Carlo(MC)simulation to systematically investigate the effects of solvent qualities on the conformation of a single homopolymer chain in binary mixed solvents.We also perform calculations using a Flory-type mean-field theory.We focus on how the introduction of a second solvent B affects the dependence of chain conformation on the quality of solvent A.We mainly examine the effects of the composition of solvent B,denoted by x,and the interactions between the two solvents.First,when x is low,the mean-square chain radius of gyration exhibits qualitatively similar behaviors to those in an individual solvent A,with a slight chain contraction when solvent A is very good.Second,in equal-molar mixtures with x=0.5,a homopolymer chain collapses when solvent A is either poor or very good,while expands at intermediate qualities.Lastly,at large x,a chain undergoes a coil-to-globule transition with the increasing quality of solvent A when solvent B is good,but mainly adopts the collapsed conformation when solvent B is poor.Our findings not only improve our understanding on the chain conformation in binary solvent mixtures,but also provide valuable guidance on the rational design of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials.
基金support of the staff of the 85 cm,60 cm telescopes at the Xinglong observational station of the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and TESS team works funding by the NASA Science Mission directorate.This work is sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01A164)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1831109 and 12103030)。
文摘Using ground-based telescopes,the multi-color photometric observations of the contact binary EF Boo were obtained in 2020,2023,and 2024.Combining these with 7-sectors of light curves from TESS data,the variations of the O'Connell effect in continuous time and shapes of light curves over several years were identified.Three sets of typical light curves were analyzed to determine the photometric solutions via the Wilson-Devinney program.Considering the spectroscopic mass ratio of q=0.53,these photometric solutions suggest that EF Boo is a W-type W UMa contact binary with the averaged filling factor of f=22.26%,a small temperature difference,and a cool spot on the primary component.If the variations of the O'Connell effect are due to the magnetic activity of this cool spot,the longitudinal location varied from 50.4 to 302.7 over the time interval of 1434 days.Based on all CCD minimum times from ground-based telescope and TESS data,the O-C curve was also analyzed.A cyclic oscillation(A3=0.00575 days,T3=27.8 yr)superimposed on a secular increase(dP/dt=6.74×10^(-8)day yr^(-1))was discovered for the first time.The successive increase is possibly a result of mass transfer from the less massive star to the more massive one.The cyclic oscillations were possibly explained by the light-travel time effect via a third body or the magnetic activities.From the short cadence observations from TESS,we also calculated the value of the O'Connell effect and O-C value for each cycle and found no correlation between the O'Connell effect and O-C over nearly 30 days across different sectors.
基金founded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grants GBMF5490 and GBMF10501 to Ohio State Universitythe Alfred P.Sloan Foundation grant G-2021-14192
文摘We presented the first photometric light curve solutions of four W Ursae Majoris-type contact binary systems.This investigation utilized photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and Gaia Data Release 3(DR3).We used the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for these light curve solutions.Only TIC 249064185 among the target systems needed a cold starspot to be included in the analysis.Based on the estimated mass ratios for these total eclipse systems,three of them are categorized as low mass ratio contact binary stars.The absolute parameters of the systems were estimated using the Gaia DR3 parallax method and the orbital period and semimajor axis(P-a)empirical relationship.We ascertained that the TIC 318015356 and TIC 55522736 systems are A-subtypes,while TIC 249064185 and TIC 397984843 are W-subtypes,depending on each component’s effective temperature and mass.We estimated the initial masses of the stars,the mass lost by the binary system,and the systems’ages.We displayed star positions in the mass-radius,mass-luminosity,and total mass-orbital angular momentum diagrams.In addition,our findings indicate a good agreement with the mass-temperature empirical parameter relationship for the primary stars.
