Unveiling the signal transduction of phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） and its regulatory mechanisms is critical for developing the strategies toward improving plant responses to stressful environments. ABA signaling...Unveiling the signal transduction of phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） and its regulatory mechanisms is critical for developing the strategies toward improving plant responses to stressful environments. ABA signaling is perceived and mediated by multiple PYR/PYL receptors, whose post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate thatArabidopsis ELl-like （AEL） protein, a casein kinase that regulates various physiological processes, phosphorylate PYR/PYLs to promote their ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in suppressed ABA responses. Arabidopsis ael triple mutants display hypersensitive responses to ABA treatment, which is consistent with the suppressed degradation of PYR/PYL proteins. PYR/PYLs are phosphorylated in vivo and mutation of the conserved AEL phosphorylation sites results in reduced phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of PYR/PYLs, and hence enhanced ABA responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AEL-mediated phosphorylation plays crucial roles in regulating the stability and function of PYR/ PYLs, providing significant insights into the post-translational regulation of PYR/PYL receptors and ABA signaling.展开更多
脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种植物体生长发育所必需的植物激素,参与调节种子的萌发和休眠、根生长、气孔关闭、叶片衰老和脱落等重要过程。其功能的发挥主要是通过一系列信号转导来实现的,而其信号转导的第一步取决于与其受体的结合...脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种植物体生长发育所必需的植物激素,参与调节种子的萌发和休眠、根生长、气孔关闭、叶片衰老和脱落等重要过程。其功能的发挥主要是通过一系列信号转导来实现的,而其信号转导的第一步取决于与其受体的结合,PYR1类似蛋白9(PYR1-like protein 9,PYL9)作为其主要受体之一,位于ABA信号通路中的上游,在感应ABA信号后,通过抑制2C型蛋白磷酸酶(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)活性进而激活蛋白激酶(SNF2-related protein kinase,SnRK2)的活性,促进下游基因表达,开启ABA信号通路,通过影响植物体内脱落酸信号转导、细胞代谢、植物体内生理生化反应等发挥重要作用,来调控植物抗逆境胁迫和生长发育。本文主要从植物生长中ABA的调节作用、与不同激素信号间的相互作用、合成和代谢途径、信号转导组成及作用、脱落酸受体PYL9的结构、功能特征和PYL9在响应逆境胁迫中发挥的重要作用及其存在的问题等方面进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为今后开展脱落酸受体基因PYL9功能的系统研究及其在植物抗病毒防御反应机理等方面提供理论依据。展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth,but also mediating the stress response.The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted.Recently,the ABA functional analogues ...Abscisic acid(ABA)is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth,but also mediating the stress response.The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted.Recently,the ABA functional analogues are of great significance to promote its application.Here,we reported an ABA functional analogue named 167A.167A inhibits plant growth and seeds germinating of Arabidopsis.Meanwhile,the 167A enhanced the plant immunity,which is opposite of ABA.We further investigated the PTI-response after 167A treatment,and the results show that the ROS burst,callose deposition accumulate with 167A treatment.Moreover,167A also influence the degree of stomal closed.RNA-seq assays show that the 167A down-regulated the ABA associated genes and upregulated the JA/SA/ET associated genes.Through genetic analysis,the 167A modulating the plant resistance through the PYR/PYL Receptors.Together,these results demonstrate that a novel ABA analogue 167A positive regulated plant immunity and has great potential for agricultural applications.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)is a major regulator of non-climacteric fruit ripening;however,the role of ABA in the ripening of climacteric fruit is not clear.Here,as a typical climacteric fruit,apricots were used to investigate ...Abscisic acid(ABA)is a major regulator of non-climacteric fruit ripening;however,the role of ABA in the ripening of climacteric fruit is not clear.Here,as a typical climacteric fruit,apricots were used to investigate the role of ABA in fruit ripening.Based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)of our previous transcriptome data,we treated‘Danxing’fruit with exogenous ABA and obtained ABA receptor genes,genes related to ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction,and analyzed the response of these candidate genes to exogenous ABA during fruit ripening.Subsequently,the full length of candidate PYLs genes were cloned,and their putative function were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis and protein structure domain analysis.And then the function of one candidate gene PaPYL9 was verified by using transgenic tomato.Furthermore,the response genes in transgenic tomato were screened by transcriptome sequencing,and ultimately the related regulatory network was proposed.The results showed that the injection of exogenous 1.89 mmol·L^(-1) ABA remarkably promoted fruit coloration,and increased the color index for red grapes(CIRG)and the total soluble solids(TSS)content,but significantly decreased the firmness and titratable acid(TA)content(p<0.01).Nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA),the inhibitor of ABA,appeared to have the converse role in TA,TSS,CIRG and firmness,during the ripening process.One NCED(9-cis-epoxycarotenoiddioxygenase)and five ABA receptor genes related to signal transduction were mined from the transcriptome data of apricot fruit through WGCNA.Compared with the control,the expression levels of NCED1,PYL9(PYR/PYL/RCAR),SnRK2(SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1(SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2S),and ABF2(ABRE-binding bZIP transcription)were induced dramatically by ABA treatment(p<0.01),while NDGA treatment significantly inhibited their expression.Based on gene expression and protein domain analysis,we inferred that PaPYL9 is putatively involved in apricot fruit ripening.Overexpression of PaPYL9 in Micro-TOM tomatoes resulted in the promotion of early ripening.Simultaneously,the expression levels of genes related ethylene biosynthesis,chlorophyll degradation,fruit softening,flavor formation,pigment synthesis,and metabolism were all significantly induced in overexpression of PaPYL9 tomatoes.This indicates the central role of ABA in climacteric fruit ripening.A regulatory network was tentatively proposed,laying the foundation to unveil the molecular mechanism of the regulatory role of PaPYL9 in fruit ripening.展开更多
文摘Unveiling the signal transduction of phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） and its regulatory mechanisms is critical for developing the strategies toward improving plant responses to stressful environments. ABA signaling is perceived and mediated by multiple PYR/PYL receptors, whose post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate thatArabidopsis ELl-like （AEL） protein, a casein kinase that regulates various physiological processes, phosphorylate PYR/PYLs to promote their ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in suppressed ABA responses. Arabidopsis ael triple mutants display hypersensitive responses to ABA treatment, which is consistent with the suppressed degradation of PYR/PYL proteins. PYR/PYLs are phosphorylated in vivo and mutation of the conserved AEL phosphorylation sites results in reduced phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of PYR/PYLs, and hence enhanced ABA responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AEL-mediated phosphorylation plays crucial roles in regulating the stability and function of PYR/ PYLs, providing significant insights into the post-translational regulation of PYR/PYL receptors and ABA signaling.
文摘脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种植物体生长发育所必需的植物激素,参与调节种子的萌发和休眠、根生长、气孔关闭、叶片衰老和脱落等重要过程。其功能的发挥主要是通过一系列信号转导来实现的,而其信号转导的第一步取决于与其受体的结合,PYR1类似蛋白9(PYR1-like protein 9,PYL9)作为其主要受体之一,位于ABA信号通路中的上游,在感应ABA信号后,通过抑制2C型蛋白磷酸酶(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)活性进而激活蛋白激酶(SNF2-related protein kinase,SnRK2)的活性,促进下游基因表达,开启ABA信号通路,通过影响植物体内脱落酸信号转导、细胞代谢、植物体内生理生化反应等发挥重要作用,来调控植物抗逆境胁迫和生长发育。本文主要从植物生长中ABA的调节作用、与不同激素信号间的相互作用、合成和代谢途径、信号转导组成及作用、脱落酸受体PYL9的结构、功能特征和PYL9在响应逆境胁迫中发挥的重要作用及其存在的问题等方面进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为今后开展脱落酸受体基因PYL9功能的系统研究及其在植物抗病毒防御反应机理等方面提供理论依据。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1402100,2022YFD1401500)National Natural Science Foundation(32072500,32272557)+1 种基金Major Basic Research Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD23)Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(2022TZXD0025,2021TZXD007-04-4),Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province.
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth,but also mediating the stress response.The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted.Recently,the ABA functional analogues are of great significance to promote its application.Here,we reported an ABA functional analogue named 167A.167A inhibits plant growth and seeds germinating of Arabidopsis.Meanwhile,the 167A enhanced the plant immunity,which is opposite of ABA.We further investigated the PTI-response after 167A treatment,and the results show that the ROS burst,callose deposition accumulate with 167A treatment.Moreover,167A also influence the degree of stomal closed.RNA-seq assays show that the 167A down-regulated the ABA associated genes and upregulated the JA/SA/ET associated genes.Through genetic analysis,the 167A modulating the plant resistance through the PYR/PYL Receptors.Together,these results demonstrate that a novel ABA analogue 167A positive regulated plant immunity and has great potential for agricultural applications.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB119000)the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects(No.2009ZX08009-044B)+2 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-08-0485)the Program for New Century 151Talents of Zhejiang Provincethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30871608and 30771406)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31872046)
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is a major regulator of non-climacteric fruit ripening;however,the role of ABA in the ripening of climacteric fruit is not clear.Here,as a typical climacteric fruit,apricots were used to investigate the role of ABA in fruit ripening.Based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)of our previous transcriptome data,we treated‘Danxing’fruit with exogenous ABA and obtained ABA receptor genes,genes related to ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction,and analyzed the response of these candidate genes to exogenous ABA during fruit ripening.Subsequently,the full length of candidate PYLs genes were cloned,and their putative function were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis and protein structure domain analysis.And then the function of one candidate gene PaPYL9 was verified by using transgenic tomato.Furthermore,the response genes in transgenic tomato were screened by transcriptome sequencing,and ultimately the related regulatory network was proposed.The results showed that the injection of exogenous 1.89 mmol·L^(-1) ABA remarkably promoted fruit coloration,and increased the color index for red grapes(CIRG)and the total soluble solids(TSS)content,but significantly decreased the firmness and titratable acid(TA)content(p<0.01).Nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA),the inhibitor of ABA,appeared to have the converse role in TA,TSS,CIRG and firmness,during the ripening process.One NCED(9-cis-epoxycarotenoiddioxygenase)and five ABA receptor genes related to signal transduction were mined from the transcriptome data of apricot fruit through WGCNA.Compared with the control,the expression levels of NCED1,PYL9(PYR/PYL/RCAR),SnRK2(SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1(SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2S),and ABF2(ABRE-binding bZIP transcription)were induced dramatically by ABA treatment(p<0.01),while NDGA treatment significantly inhibited their expression.Based on gene expression and protein domain analysis,we inferred that PaPYL9 is putatively involved in apricot fruit ripening.Overexpression of PaPYL9 in Micro-TOM tomatoes resulted in the promotion of early ripening.Simultaneously,the expression levels of genes related ethylene biosynthesis,chlorophyll degradation,fruit softening,flavor formation,pigment synthesis,and metabolism were all significantly induced in overexpression of PaPYL9 tomatoes.This indicates the central role of ABA in climacteric fruit ripening.A regulatory network was tentatively proposed,laying the foundation to unveil the molecular mechanism of the regulatory role of PaPYL9 in fruit ripening.
