This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-...This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.展开更多
为研究钢纤维、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维和矿粉3种因素对钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fibre high performance concrete,HFHPC)高温后的爆裂行为和立方体抗压强度。对钢纤维、PVA纤维和矿粉3种因素采用正交试验设计...为研究钢纤维、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维和矿粉3种因素对钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fibre high performance concrete,HFHPC)高温后的爆裂行为和立方体抗压强度。对钢纤维、PVA纤维和矿粉3种因素采用正交试验设计,并进行高温爆裂试验以及立方体抗压强度试验,利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)对不同温度后的HFHPC试件微观结构进行观察分析。结果表明:钢-PVA混杂纤维的掺入能有效抑制混凝土爆裂的发生,少量掺入PVA纤维(0.1%)时,即可有效抑制爆裂现象的发生,适量掺入钢纤维(不少于1.0%)能够改善混凝土爆裂现象。在试验范围内,当钢纤维掺量为1.5%、PVA纤维为0.3%和矿粉为10%时,HFHPC试件抗爆裂性能最佳。随着目标温度的升高,HFHPC试件立方体抗压强度下降,在常温至400℃时,试件的立方体抗压强度下降幅度较小,在400℃后,试件的立方体抗压强度下降幅度明显增大。通过扫描电镜对微观结构观察分析得出,PVA纤维在试件内融化并形成孔道,为试件内部水分的蒸发提供了通道,降低了试件内部蒸汽压力,从而有效抑制了混凝土的爆裂。展开更多
基金Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(MoHE)and Universiti Putra Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(Grant Nos.FRGS/1/2023/TK09/UPM/01/3 and 5540599。
文摘This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.
文摘为研究钢纤维、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维和矿粉3种因素对钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fibre high performance concrete,HFHPC)高温后的爆裂行为和立方体抗压强度。对钢纤维、PVA纤维和矿粉3种因素采用正交试验设计,并进行高温爆裂试验以及立方体抗压强度试验,利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)对不同温度后的HFHPC试件微观结构进行观察分析。结果表明:钢-PVA混杂纤维的掺入能有效抑制混凝土爆裂的发生,少量掺入PVA纤维(0.1%)时,即可有效抑制爆裂现象的发生,适量掺入钢纤维(不少于1.0%)能够改善混凝土爆裂现象。在试验范围内,当钢纤维掺量为1.5%、PVA纤维为0.3%和矿粉为10%时,HFHPC试件抗爆裂性能最佳。随着目标温度的升高,HFHPC试件立方体抗压强度下降,在常温至400℃时,试件的立方体抗压强度下降幅度较小,在400℃后,试件的立方体抗压强度下降幅度明显增大。通过扫描电镜对微观结构观察分析得出,PVA纤维在试件内融化并形成孔道,为试件内部水分的蒸发提供了通道,降低了试件内部蒸汽压力,从而有效抑制了混凝土的爆裂。
