In this paper,we determine the photosphere evolution of PTF11rka which is a type Ic supernova (SN) by fitting its spectral energy distributions at different epochs.We find that the photosphere of PTF11rka expanded at ...In this paper,we determine the photosphere evolution of PTF11rka which is a type Ic supernova (SN) by fitting its spectral energy distributions at different epochs.We find that the photosphere of PTF11rka expanded at a constant velocity at early epochs,and the photosphere temperature increased slightly after reaching a minimum.These features are reminiscent of those of SN 2017dio.Based on the photosphere module that can describe the photosphere evolution of PTF11rka,we use the ^(56)Ni cascade decay model to fit its multiband light curves (LCs),finding that the model can well fit the photometric data.The derived ejecta mass and ^(56)Ni mass are respectively 8.76■ and 0.29-0.41■;the derived peak luminosity and the rise time of the theoretical bolometric LC of PTF11rka are ~8.24×10^(42)erg s^(-1) and ~35 days,respectively.Moreover,we find that the theoretical multiband LCs and the theoretical bolometric LC of PTF11rka do not show early-time excesses proposed in the literature.This indicates that additional energy sources (e.g.,the interaction between the ejecta and the circumstellar material)suggested to be responsible for the early-time excess can be neglected.展开更多
Taking public transit facilities (PTFs) is the major transport style in Hong Kong. Human exposure to indoor air pollutants may cause adverse health effects to the passengers. Exposure assessment on air pollutants is i...Taking public transit facilities (PTFs) is the major transport style in Hong Kong. Human exposure to indoor air pollutants may cause adverse health effects to the passengers. Exposure assessment on air pollutants is important for the control of human diseases caused by indoor air pollution. In this paper, the indoor PM10, CO and CO 2 levels in various PTFs, such as public bus, subway, railway and ferry in Hong Kong, were mea- sured. Combining with the time budget survey of Hong Kong population,the human exposures were calculated through Monte-Carlo simulation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,grant Nos.12494571,11963001 and 12133003)supported by the Program of Bagui Scholars (LHJ)。
文摘In this paper,we determine the photosphere evolution of PTF11rka which is a type Ic supernova (SN) by fitting its spectral energy distributions at different epochs.We find that the photosphere of PTF11rka expanded at a constant velocity at early epochs,and the photosphere temperature increased slightly after reaching a minimum.These features are reminiscent of those of SN 2017dio.Based on the photosphere module that can describe the photosphere evolution of PTF11rka,we use the ^(56)Ni cascade decay model to fit its multiband light curves (LCs),finding that the model can well fit the photometric data.The derived ejecta mass and ^(56)Ni mass are respectively 8.76■ and 0.29-0.41■;the derived peak luminosity and the rise time of the theoretical bolometric LC of PTF11rka are ~8.24×10^(42)erg s^(-1) and ~35 days,respectively.Moreover,we find that the theoretical multiband LCs and the theoretical bolometric LC of PTF11rka do not show early-time excesses proposed in the literature.This indicates that additional energy sources (e.g.,the interaction between the ejecta and the circumstellar material)suggested to be responsible for the early-time excess can be neglected.
文摘Taking public transit facilities (PTFs) is the major transport style in Hong Kong. Human exposure to indoor air pollutants may cause adverse health effects to the passengers. Exposure assessment on air pollutants is important for the control of human diseases caused by indoor air pollution. In this paper, the indoor PM10, CO and CO 2 levels in various PTFs, such as public bus, subway, railway and ferry in Hong Kong, were mea- sured. Combining with the time budget survey of Hong Kong population,the human exposures were calculated through Monte-Carlo simulation.
