The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-...The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-produced solids.The influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this study.The analytical Vi CAs method is applied to the MBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling velocities.This method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling velocity.Three conventionally loaded MBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m^(2)·day)and with different carrier types.The AnoxK^(TM)K5 carrier,a commonly used carrier,is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(TM)Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm thickness.Moreover,two levels of biofilm thickness,200μm and 400μm,are studied using AnoxK^(TM)Z-200 and Z-400 carriers.Statistical analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with Z-carriers.However,in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 carrier.The K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm(281.1±8.7μm)and lowest biofilm density(65.0±1.5 kg/m^(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.展开更多
A millimeter wave large-signal model of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diodes based on a physical analysis is presented.The model consists of nonlinear resistances and capacitances of the junction region and external p...A millimeter wave large-signal model of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diodes based on a physical analysis is presented.The model consists of nonlinear resistances and capacitances of the junction region and external parasitic parameters.By analyzing the characteristics of the diode under reverse and forward bias,an extraction procedure of all of the parameters is addressed.To validate the newly proposed model,the PSVDs were fabricated based on a planar process and were measured using an automatic network analyzer.Measurement shows that the model exactly represents the behavior of GaAs PSVDs under a wide bias condition from -10 to 0.6 V and for frequencies up to 40 GHz.展开更多
Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease(CFLD)is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality affecting people with cystic fibrosis(PwCF)(1).Approximately 40%of PwCF have liver involvement,defined as the existence o...Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease(CFLD)is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality affecting people with cystic fibrosis(PwCF)(1).Approximately 40%of PwCF have liver involvement,defined as the existence of any hepatic manifestation,including biochemical liver abnormalities(2).In a small percentage of these patients,liver involvement may ultimately result in the development of portal hypertension(PH)and its complications.The presence of at least two of the following variables-abnormal liver tests,abnormal liver ultrasound(US),abnormal physical examination with hepatosplenomegaly or histologic evidence of liver disease-were historically the basis for the European criteria to define CFLD(3).Nevertheless,the emergence of a new approach for liver assessment as liver elastography has led to the proposal of its inclusion in new diagnostic criteria(4).展开更多
文摘The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-produced solids.The influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this study.The analytical Vi CAs method is applied to the MBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling velocities.This method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling velocity.Three conventionally loaded MBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m^(2)·day)and with different carrier types.The AnoxK^(TM)K5 carrier,a commonly used carrier,is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(TM)Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm thickness.Moreover,two levels of biofilm thickness,200μm and 400μm,are studied using AnoxK^(TM)Z-200 and Z-400 carriers.Statistical analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with Z-carriers.However,in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 carrier.The K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm(281.1±8.7μm)and lowest biofilm density(65.0±1.5 kg/m^(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60806024)
文摘A millimeter wave large-signal model of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diodes based on a physical analysis is presented.The model consists of nonlinear resistances and capacitances of the junction region and external parasitic parameters.By analyzing the characteristics of the diode under reverse and forward bias,an extraction procedure of all of the parameters is addressed.To validate the newly proposed model,the PSVDs were fabricated based on a planar process and were measured using an automatic network analyzer.Measurement shows that the model exactly represents the behavior of GaAs PSVDs under a wide bias condition from -10 to 0.6 V and for frequencies up to 40 GHz.
文摘Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease(CFLD)is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality affecting people with cystic fibrosis(PwCF)(1).Approximately 40%of PwCF have liver involvement,defined as the existence of any hepatic manifestation,including biochemical liver abnormalities(2).In a small percentage of these patients,liver involvement may ultimately result in the development of portal hypertension(PH)and its complications.The presence of at least two of the following variables-abnormal liver tests,abnormal liver ultrasound(US),abnormal physical examination with hepatosplenomegaly or histologic evidence of liver disease-were historically the basis for the European criteria to define CFLD(3).Nevertheless,the emergence of a new approach for liver assessment as liver elastography has led to the proposal of its inclusion in new diagnostic criteria(4).
