Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0....Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0.1 cm^(2))device has reached 26.7%[1].However,when considering the scaled-up commercialization of PSCs,an obvious efficiency drop exists for the translation to large-area perovskite submodules(PSMs)with areas more than 200 cm^(2),thus limiting the practical commercialization[2].The major PCE gap between small area cells and large area modules arises the drop of open-circuit voltage(VOC)and fill factor(FF).Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))is now the mostly widely used and highly efficient perovskite composition.However,the photo-active black α-FAPbI_(3) phase will spontaneously transform into photo-inactive yellowδ-FAPbI_(3) phase at room temperature[3].展开更多
“银发”数字鸿沟是影响老年人生活幸福感的重要问题。本文聚焦于“数字之城”杭州市60岁及以上老年居民的数字鸿沟现状,通过实地调查、问卷和访谈等形式,基于回收的414份有效调查问卷,研究借助描述性分析构建数字反哺指数和数字鸿沟指...“银发”数字鸿沟是影响老年人生活幸福感的重要问题。本文聚焦于“数字之城”杭州市60岁及以上老年居民的数字鸿沟现状,通过实地调查、问卷和访谈等形式,基于回收的414份有效调查问卷,研究借助描述性分析构建数字反哺指数和数字鸿沟指数,以反映杭州市老年人的数字技能现状,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)分析探究数字反哺对老年人数字鸿沟的弥合作用,最后利用分位数回归分析数字反哺在不同数字鸿沟水平下的异质性影响。研究结果显示,数字反哺对老年人数字鸿沟具有显著的负向影响。此外,数字反哺在提升老年人数字技能方面存在着“马太效应”。The “silver” digital divide is a critical issue affecting the well-being of elderly individuals. This study focuses on the current state of the digital divide among residents aged 60 and above in Hangzhou, a “digital city.” Through field investigations, questionnaires, and interviews, 414 valid survey responses were collected. Using descriptive analysis, a Digital Assistance Index and a Digital Divide Index were constructed to reflect the digital skills of the elderly in Hangzhou. The study employs Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis to examine the role of digital assistance in bridging the digital divide among the elderly. Additionally, quantile regression is used to analyze the heterogeneous effects of digital assistance at different levels of the digital divide. The results indicate that digital assistance has a significant negative impact on the digital divide among the elderly. Moreover, there is a “Matthew Effect” in the enhancement of digital skills through digital assistance.展开更多
基金support from open fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications(Xiamen University of Technology,fma2024003)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3500400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073286 and 22275185).
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0.1 cm^(2))device has reached 26.7%[1].However,when considering the scaled-up commercialization of PSCs,an obvious efficiency drop exists for the translation to large-area perovskite submodules(PSMs)with areas more than 200 cm^(2),thus limiting the practical commercialization[2].The major PCE gap between small area cells and large area modules arises the drop of open-circuit voltage(VOC)and fill factor(FF).Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))is now the mostly widely used and highly efficient perovskite composition.However,the photo-active black α-FAPbI_(3) phase will spontaneously transform into photo-inactive yellowδ-FAPbI_(3) phase at room temperature[3].
文摘“银发”数字鸿沟是影响老年人生活幸福感的重要问题。本文聚焦于“数字之城”杭州市60岁及以上老年居民的数字鸿沟现状,通过实地调查、问卷和访谈等形式,基于回收的414份有效调查问卷,研究借助描述性分析构建数字反哺指数和数字鸿沟指数,以反映杭州市老年人的数字技能现状,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)分析探究数字反哺对老年人数字鸿沟的弥合作用,最后利用分位数回归分析数字反哺在不同数字鸿沟水平下的异质性影响。研究结果显示,数字反哺对老年人数字鸿沟具有显著的负向影响。此外,数字反哺在提升老年人数字技能方面存在着“马太效应”。The “silver” digital divide is a critical issue affecting the well-being of elderly individuals. This study focuses on the current state of the digital divide among residents aged 60 and above in Hangzhou, a “digital city.” Through field investigations, questionnaires, and interviews, 414 valid survey responses were collected. Using descriptive analysis, a Digital Assistance Index and a Digital Divide Index were constructed to reflect the digital skills of the elderly in Hangzhou. The study employs Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis to examine the role of digital assistance in bridging the digital divide among the elderly. Additionally, quantile regression is used to analyze the heterogeneous effects of digital assistance at different levels of the digital divide. The results indicate that digital assistance has a significant negative impact on the digital divide among the elderly. Moreover, there is a “Matthew Effect” in the enhancement of digital skills through digital assistance.
