For optimum photosynthetic productivity,it is crucial for plants to swiftly transition between light-harvesting and photoprotective states as light conditions change in the field.The PsbS protein plays a pivotal role ...For optimum photosynthetic productivity,it is crucial for plants to swiftly transition between light-harvesting and photoprotective states as light conditions change in the field.The PsbS protein plays a pivotal role in this process by switching the light-harvesting antenna,light-harvesting complex Ⅱ(LHCⅡ),into the photoprotective state,energy-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching(qE),to avoid photoinhibition in high-light environments.However,the molecular mechanism by which PsbS acts upon LHCⅡ has remained unclear.In our study,we identified the specific amino acid domains that are essential for PsbS function.Using amino-acid point mutagenesis of PsbS in vivo,we found that the activation of photoprotection involves dynamic changes in the oligomeric state and conformation of PsbS,with two residues,E67 and E173,playing a key role in this process.Further,the replacement of hydrophobic phenylalanine residues in transmembrane helixes Ⅱ(F83,F84,F87)and Ⅳ(F191,F193,F194)with tyrosine revealed that phenylalanine localized in helix Ⅳ can play a significant role in hydrophobic interactions of PsbS with LHCⅡ.Removal of the 3_(10) helix(H3)amino acids I74,Y75,and E76 did not affect the amplitude but strongly delayed the recovery of qE in darkness.Moreover,an AI-assisted protein-folding evolutionary scale model approach(ESMFold)was adopted to intelligently manipulate protein functions in silico and thus streamline and evaluate experimental point mutagenesis strategies.This provides new insights into the molecular architecture of PsbS that are essential for regulating light harvesting in higher plants.展开更多
电力系统分析综合程序 PSASP( Power System Analysis Software Package)是国内进行电力系统计算和仿真经常使用的软件 ,其结果也为大家所普遍接受。 Mathworks公司新近推出的MATLAB5.2中的 Power System Blockset( PSB)是专门为电力系...电力系统分析综合程序 PSASP( Power System Analysis Software Package)是国内进行电力系统计算和仿真经常使用的软件 ,其结果也为大家所普遍接受。 Mathworks公司新近推出的MATLAB5.2中的 Power System Blockset( PSB)是专门为电力系统设计的仿真分析软件 ,其功能十分强大。文中对 3个电力系统典型模型的潮流和稳定分别进行了计算 ,分析表明这两种电力系统仿真软件得到的结果几乎完全相同 ,但也存在一定的差异 ,对其原因给出了初步的解释 ,并介绍了应用 MATLAB进行电力系统仿真时经常用到的一些方法。展开更多
基金supported by grants funded by a Queen Mary University of London Ph.D.studentship to L.Ca grant from The Leverhulme Trust to A.V.R.
文摘For optimum photosynthetic productivity,it is crucial for plants to swiftly transition between light-harvesting and photoprotective states as light conditions change in the field.The PsbS protein plays a pivotal role in this process by switching the light-harvesting antenna,light-harvesting complex Ⅱ(LHCⅡ),into the photoprotective state,energy-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching(qE),to avoid photoinhibition in high-light environments.However,the molecular mechanism by which PsbS acts upon LHCⅡ has remained unclear.In our study,we identified the specific amino acid domains that are essential for PsbS function.Using amino-acid point mutagenesis of PsbS in vivo,we found that the activation of photoprotection involves dynamic changes in the oligomeric state and conformation of PsbS,with two residues,E67 and E173,playing a key role in this process.Further,the replacement of hydrophobic phenylalanine residues in transmembrane helixes Ⅱ(F83,F84,F87)and Ⅳ(F191,F193,F194)with tyrosine revealed that phenylalanine localized in helix Ⅳ can play a significant role in hydrophobic interactions of PsbS with LHCⅡ.Removal of the 3_(10) helix(H3)amino acids I74,Y75,and E76 did not affect the amplitude but strongly delayed the recovery of qE in darkness.Moreover,an AI-assisted protein-folding evolutionary scale model approach(ESMFold)was adopted to intelligently manipulate protein functions in silico and thus streamline and evaluate experimental point mutagenesis strategies.This provides new insights into the molecular architecture of PsbS that are essential for regulating light harvesting in higher plants.
文摘电力系统分析综合程序 PSASP( Power System Analysis Software Package)是国内进行电力系统计算和仿真经常使用的软件 ,其结果也为大家所普遍接受。 Mathworks公司新近推出的MATLAB5.2中的 Power System Blockset( PSB)是专门为电力系统设计的仿真分析软件 ,其功能十分强大。文中对 3个电力系统典型模型的潮流和稳定分别进行了计算 ,分析表明这两种电力系统仿真软件得到的结果几乎完全相同 ,但也存在一定的差异 ,对其原因给出了初步的解释 ,并介绍了应用 MATLAB进行电力系统仿真时经常用到的一些方法。
