Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence o...Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence of exposed highly reactive groups, suffer from drawbacks such as low tagging efficiency or insufficient spatial specificity, thereby diminishing their expected effectiveness. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a strategy capable of in situ labeling of active groups in response to cellular or in vivo stimuli, ensuring both high tagging efficiency and spatial specificity. In this work, we devised a strategy for releasing aldehyde groups activated by hypochlorous acid(HOCl). Compounds synthesized through this strategy can release the fiuorophore methylene blue(MB) and aldehyde-based compounds upon HOCl activation. Given high reactivity of the released aldehyde group, it can effectively interact with macromolecules in biological systems, facilitating tagging and enabling prolonged imaging. To validate this concept, we further incorporated a naphthalimide structure with stable light emission to create SW-110. SW-110 can specifically respond to in vitro and endogenous HOCl, when release MB, it also releases naphthalimide fiuorophore with highly reactive aldehyde group for tagging within cells. This strategy provides a simple but efficient strategy for proximity tagging in situ.展开更多
Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia(NITRR)can simultaneously achieve the removal of nitrate and the synthesis of value-added ammonia,a promising candidate to replace Haber-Bosch process with low carbon d...Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia(NITRR)can simultaneously achieve the removal of nitrate and the synthesis of value-added ammonia,a promising candidate to replace Haber-Bosch process with low carbon dioxide emissions.However,high hydrogenation energy barrier for*NO intermediates and insufficient supply of active hydrogen cause slow hydrogenation process,and further result in low efficiency of nitrate conversion and ammonia synthesis.Herein,a series of tandem catalysts,one-dimensional coordination polymers(1D CCPs)with dual sites are synthesized and obtained 190.4 mg h^(-1)mgcat^(-1)ammonia production rate with Faradaic efficiency of 97.16%,outperforming to the most of recent reported catalysts.The catalytic performances are well-maintained even after a long-term stability test of 1200 h,laying the foundation for practical applications.Density functional theory results reveal that the stationary adsorbed*NO on Ni site induced proximity electronic effect could reduce the energy barrier for hydrogenation of*NO intermediates over Cu site.In addition,the Ni site in the dual sites 1D CCPs is conducive to generating active hydrogen,providing rich proton source to boost the hydrogenation of*NO,and further enhancing the compatibility of deoxygenation and hydrogenation process.Our work paves a new insight into the mechanism of NITRR process and will inspire more research interests in exploring the proximity electronic effect in catalytic process.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxi...Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxidative damage and microvascular permeability in ALI.Accurate detection of ONOO^(−)would facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in ALI.Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probes offer new solutions due to their sensitivity,depth of tissue penetration,and imaging capabilities.However,the developed ONOO^(−)fluorescent probes face problems such as interference from other reactive oxygen species and easy intracellular diffusion.To address these issues,we introduced an innovative self-immobilizing NIRF probe,DCI2F-OTf,which was capable of monitoring ONOO^(−)in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,leveraging the high reactivity of the methylene quinone(QM)intermediate,DCI2F-OTf was able to covalently label proteins in the presence of ONOO^(−),enabling in situ imaging.In mice models of ALI,DCI2F-OTf enabled real-time imaging of ONOO^(−)levels and found that ONOO^(−)was tightly correlated with the progression of ALI.Our findings demonstrated that DCI2F-OTf was a promising chemical tool for the detection of ONOO^(−),which could help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ALI and monitor treatment efficacy.展开更多
The development of single atom catalysts(SACs)with asymmetric active sites by defect regulation provides an encourage potential for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but highly challen...The development of single atom catalysts(SACs)with asymmetric active sites by defect regulation provides an encourage potential for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but highly challenging.Herein,N-doped carbon(N-C)anchored atomically dispersed Ni-N_(3)site with proximity defects(Ni-N_(3)D)induced by Te atoms doping is reported.Benefitting from the inductive effect of proximity defect,the Ni-N_(3)D/Te-N-C catalyst performs excellent ORR and HER performance in alkaline and acid condition.Both in situ characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the existence of proximity defect effect is conducive to lower rate-determining-step energy barrier of ORR and HER,thus accelerating the multielectron reaction kinetics.This work paves a novel strategy for constructing highactivity bifunctional SACs by defect engineering for development of sustainable energy.展开更多
Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for...Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for the intermediates to adsorb on the active site.Herein,we introduce a concept of the prox-imity effect,com prising adjacent Ru and RuO_(2) nanoparticles coupled on TiO_(2)(Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2)),for the synergic promotion of water molecule adsorption and splitting,significantly enhancing HER electrocatal-ysis performance.The in-situ spectroscopy experiments and density function theory(DFT)simulations demonstrated that the proximity effect between the adjacent Ru nanoparticles and RuO_(2) nanoparticles can accelerate water adsorption and splitting.As a result,the as-made Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) only need overpo-tentials of 52.7,16.0,and 16.4 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in neutral,acid,and alkaline media,respectively.The mass activity of Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) in neutral media is 320 and 117 times higher than that of commercial Ru/C and Pt/C at the overpotential of 100 mV,respectively.This work emphasizes the proximity effect for activation of reactants which can be extended to other electrocat-alytic reactions.展开更多
Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible p...Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.展开更多
In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relat...In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.展开更多
This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknow...This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknown orbital maneuvering.Firstly,the relative translational motion between the orbital target and the chaser spacecraft is described in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)coordinate frame along with attitude quaternion dynamics.Then,based on the coupled 6-Degree of Freedom(DOF)pose dynamic model,an analytical optimal control action consisting of constrained optimal control value,application time and its duration are proposed via exploring the iterative sequential action control algorithm.Meanwhile,the global closed-loop asymptotic stability of the proposed predictive control action is presented and discussed.Compared with traditional proximity control schemes,the highlighting advantages are that the application time and duration of the devised controller is applied discretely in light of the influence of the instantaneous pose configuration on the pose tracking performance with less energy consumptions rather than at each sample time.Finally,three groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical optimal pose tracking control scheme.展开更多
Here,we present a novel bioorthogonal platform that enables precise positioning of attached moieties in close proximity,thereby facilitating the discovery and optimization of biocompatible reactions.Using this platfor...Here,we present a novel bioorthogonal platform that enables precise positioning of attached moieties in close proximity,thereby facilitating the discovery and optimization of biocompatible reactions.Using this platform,we achieve a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)reaction under physiological conditions,generating a fluorophore in situ with a yield of up to 93%.This proximity platform should facilitate the discovery of various types of biocompatible reactions,making it a versatile tool for biomedical applica-tions.展开更多
Achieving increasingly finely targeted drug delivery to organs,tissues,cells,and even to intracellular biomacromolecules is one of the core goals of nanomedicines.As the delivery destination is refined to cellular and...Achieving increasingly finely targeted drug delivery to organs,tissues,cells,and even to intracellular biomacromolecules is one of the core goals of nanomedicines.As the delivery destination is refined to cellular and subcellular targets,it is essential to explore the delivery of nanomedicines at the molecular level.However,due to the lack of technical methods,the molecular mechanism of the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines remains unclear to date.Here,we develop an enzyme-induced proximity labeling technology in nanoparticles(nano-EPL)for the real-time monitoring of proteins that interact with intracellular nanomedicines.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)nanoparticles coupled with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)were fabricated as a model(HRP(+)-PNPs)to evaluate the molecular mechanism of nano delivery in macrophages.By adding the labeling probe biotin-phenol and the catalytic substrate H_(2)O_(2)at different time points in cellular delivery,nano-EPL technology was validated for the real-time in situ labeling of proteins interacting with nanoparticles.Nano-EPL achieves the dynamic molecular profiling of 740 proteins to map the intracellular delivery of HRP(+)-PNPs in macrophages over time.Based on dynamic clustering analysis of these proteins,we further discovered that different organelles,including endosomes,lysosomes,the endoplasmic reticulum,and the Golgi apparatus,are involved in delivery with distinct participation timelines.More importantly,the engagement of these organelles differentially affects the drug delivery efficiency,reflecting the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of nano delivery in cells.In summary,these findings highlight a significant methodological advance toward understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity effects.However,plagued by the low Curie te...Two-dimensional(2D)magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity effects.However,plagued by the low Curie temperature and instability in air,it is hard to realize practical applications for the reported layered magnetic materials at present.In this paper,we developed a space-confined chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize ultrathin air-stable ε-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with Curie temperature above 350 K.The ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2) heterojunction was constructed to study the magnetic proximity effect on the superconductivity of the NbSe_(2) multilayer.The electrical transport results show that the subtle proximity effect can modulate the interfacial spin–orbit interaction while undegrading the superconducting critical parameters.Our work paves the way to construct 2D heterojunctions with ultrathin nonlayered materials and layered van der Waals(vdW)materials for exploring new physical phenomena.展开更多
A new method for determining proximity parameters α,β ,and η in electron beam lithography is introduced on the assumption that the point exposure spread function is composed of two Gaussians.A single line i...A new method for determining proximity parameters α,β ,and η in electron beam lithography is introduced on the assumption that the point exposure spread function is composed of two Gaussians.A single line is used as test pattern to determine proximity effect parameters and the normalization approach is adopted in experimental data transaction in order to eliminate the need of measuring exposure clearing dose of the resist.Furthermore,the parameters acquired by this method are successfully used for proximity effect correction in electron beam lithography on the same experimental conditions.展开更多
Fiber sensors are commonly used to detect environmental,physiological,optical,chemical,and biological factors.Thermally drawn fibers offer numerous advantages over other commercial products,including enhanced sensitiv...Fiber sensors are commonly used to detect environmental,physiological,optical,chemical,and biological factors.Thermally drawn fibers offer numerous advantages over other commercial products,including enhanced sensitivity,accuracy,improved functionality,and ease of manufacturing.Multimaterial,multifunctional fibers encapsulate essential internal structures within a microscale fiber,unlike macroscale sensors requiring separate electronic components.The compact size of fiber sensors enables seamless integration into existing systems,providing the desired functionality.We present a multimodal fiber antenna monitoring,in real time,both the local deformation of the fiber and environmental changes caused by foreign objects in proximity to the fiber.Time domain reflectometry propagates an electromagnetic wave through the fiber,allowing precise determination of spatial changes along the fiber with exceptional resolution and sensitivity.Local changes in impedance reflect fiber deformation,whereas proximity is detected through alterations in the evanescent field surrounding the fiber.The fiber antenna operates as a waveguide to detect local deformation through the antisymmetric mode and environmental changes through the symmetric mode.This multifunctionality broadens its application areas from biomedical engineering to cyber-physical interfacing.In antisymmetric mode,the device can sense local changes in pressure,and,potentially,temperature,pH,and other physiological conditions.In symmetric mode,it can be used in touch screens,environmental detection for security,cyber-physical interfacing,and human-robot interactions.展开更多
Considering the efficiency and veracity of rules based optical proximity correction (OPC),the importance of rules in rules based OPC is pointed out.And how to select,to construct and to apply more concise and practi...Considering the efficiency and veracity of rules based optical proximity correction (OPC),the importance of rules in rules based OPC is pointed out.And how to select,to construct and to apply more concise and practical rules base is disscussed.Based on those ideas,four primary rules are suggested.Some data resulted in rules base are shown in table.The patterns on wafer are clearly improved by applying these rules to correct mask.OPCL,the automatic construction of the rules base is an important part of the whole rules based OPC system.展开更多
We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential...We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential routing. The routing algorithm is based on constructed force directed Steiner tree routing to enhance routing efficien- cy. Experimental results on industrial benchmark circuits show that the presented routing algorithm can obtain much improvement considering optical effects short runtime.展开更多
In order to analyze the electrostatic field concerned with electrostatic proximity fuze problem using the available finite analysis software package, the technology to model the problem with a scale reduction object a...In order to analyze the electrostatic field concerned with electrostatic proximity fuze problem using the available finite analysis software package, the technology to model the problem with a scale reduction object and boundary was presented. The boundary is determined by the maximum distance the sensor can detect. The object model is obtained by multiplying the terms in Poisson's equation with a scale reduction factor and the real value can be reconstructed with the same reverse process after software calculation. Using the finite element analysis program, the simulation value is close to the theoretical value with a little error. The boundary determination and scale reduction method is suitable to modeling the irregular electrostatic field around air targets, such as airplane, missile and so on, which is based on commonly used personal computer (PC). The technology reduces the calculation and storage cost greatly.展开更多
We describe the fabrication of metal nanogaps of sub-20nm in feature size using the proximity effect in electron beam lithography （EBL）. The proximity effect is extended to develop a flexible and practical method fo...We describe the fabrication of metal nanogaps of sub-20nm in feature size using the proximity effect in electron beam lithography （EBL）. The proximity effect is extended to develop a flexible and practical method for preparing metal （e. g. Au or Ag） nanogaps and arrays in combination with a transfer process （e. g., deposition/lift-off）. Different from the direct gap-writing process,the nanogap precursor structures （nanoconnections） were designed by GDSII software and then written by electron beam. Following a deposition and lift-off process, the metal nanogaps were obtained and the nanogap size can be lowered to -10nm by controlling the exposure dose in EBL.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22177019, 22377010, 22371038)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials (No. KF2206)。
文摘Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence of exposed highly reactive groups, suffer from drawbacks such as low tagging efficiency or insufficient spatial specificity, thereby diminishing their expected effectiveness. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a strategy capable of in situ labeling of active groups in response to cellular or in vivo stimuli, ensuring both high tagging efficiency and spatial specificity. In this work, we devised a strategy for releasing aldehyde groups activated by hypochlorous acid(HOCl). Compounds synthesized through this strategy can release the fiuorophore methylene blue(MB) and aldehyde-based compounds upon HOCl activation. Given high reactivity of the released aldehyde group, it can effectively interact with macromolecules in biological systems, facilitating tagging and enabling prolonged imaging. To validate this concept, we further incorporated a naphthalimide structure with stable light emission to create SW-110. SW-110 can specifically respond to in vitro and endogenous HOCl, when release MB, it also releases naphthalimide fiuorophore with highly reactive aldehyde group for tagging within cells. This strategy provides a simple but efficient strategy for proximity tagging in situ.
文摘Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia(NITRR)can simultaneously achieve the removal of nitrate and the synthesis of value-added ammonia,a promising candidate to replace Haber-Bosch process with low carbon dioxide emissions.However,high hydrogenation energy barrier for*NO intermediates and insufficient supply of active hydrogen cause slow hydrogenation process,and further result in low efficiency of nitrate conversion and ammonia synthesis.Herein,a series of tandem catalysts,one-dimensional coordination polymers(1D CCPs)with dual sites are synthesized and obtained 190.4 mg h^(-1)mgcat^(-1)ammonia production rate with Faradaic efficiency of 97.16%,outperforming to the most of recent reported catalysts.The catalytic performances are well-maintained even after a long-term stability test of 1200 h,laying the foundation for practical applications.Density functional theory results reveal that the stationary adsorbed*NO on Ni site induced proximity electronic effect could reduce the energy barrier for hydrogenation of*NO intermediates over Cu site.In addition,the Ni site in the dual sites 1D CCPs is conducive to generating active hydrogen,providing rich proton source to boost the hydrogenation of*NO,and further enhancing the compatibility of deoxygenation and hydrogenation process.Our work paves a new insight into the mechanism of NITRR process and will inspire more research interests in exploring the proximity electronic effect in catalytic process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22264013,21961010)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Nos.ZDYF2021SHFZ219,ZDYF2022SHFZ037)+4 种基金Special Funds of S&T Cooperation and Exchange Projects of Shanxi Province(No.202204041101040)Natural Science Research Talent Project of Hainan Medical University(No.JBGS202101)Postgraduate Innovative Research Project of Hainan(No.Qhys2021-384)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(2021)Project for Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging Science Innovation Group of Hainan Medical University.
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxidative damage and microvascular permeability in ALI.Accurate detection of ONOO^(−)would facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in ALI.Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probes offer new solutions due to their sensitivity,depth of tissue penetration,and imaging capabilities.However,the developed ONOO^(−)fluorescent probes face problems such as interference from other reactive oxygen species and easy intracellular diffusion.To address these issues,we introduced an innovative self-immobilizing NIRF probe,DCI2F-OTf,which was capable of monitoring ONOO^(−)in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,leveraging the high reactivity of the methylene quinone(QM)intermediate,DCI2F-OTf was able to covalently label proteins in the presence of ONOO^(−),enabling in situ imaging.In mice models of ALI,DCI2F-OTf enabled real-time imaging of ONOO^(−)levels and found that ONOO^(−)was tightly correlated with the progression of ALI.Our findings demonstrated that DCI2F-OTf was a promising chemical tool for the detection of ONOO^(−),which could help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ALI and monitor treatment efficacy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478432,22108306,22178388)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909065)+2 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024JQ004)Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of China University of Petroleum(East China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.25CX04020A)。
文摘The development of single atom catalysts(SACs)with asymmetric active sites by defect regulation provides an encourage potential for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but highly challenging.Herein,N-doped carbon(N-C)anchored atomically dispersed Ni-N_(3)site with proximity defects(Ni-N_(3)D)induced by Te atoms doping is reported.Benefitting from the inductive effect of proximity defect,the Ni-N_(3)D/Te-N-C catalyst performs excellent ORR and HER performance in alkaline and acid condition.Both in situ characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the existence of proximity defect effect is conducive to lower rate-determining-step energy barrier of ORR and HER,thus accelerating the multielectron reaction kinetics.This work paves a novel strategy for constructing highactivity bifunctional SACs by defect engineering for development of sustainable energy.
基金supported by the Young Project of the Education Department in Guizhou Province(No.2022099)the Natural Science Special of Guizhou University(No.X202220 Special Post A).
文摘Ru-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER),yet weak water adsorption and splitting ability in neutral media thus it is rather difficult for the intermediates to adsorb on the active site.Herein,we introduce a concept of the prox-imity effect,com prising adjacent Ru and RuO_(2) nanoparticles coupled on TiO_(2)(Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2)),for the synergic promotion of water molecule adsorption and splitting,significantly enhancing HER electrocatal-ysis performance.The in-situ spectroscopy experiments and density function theory(DFT)simulations demonstrated that the proximity effect between the adjacent Ru nanoparticles and RuO_(2) nanoparticles can accelerate water adsorption and splitting.As a result,the as-made Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) only need overpo-tentials of 52.7,16.0,and 16.4 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in neutral,acid,and alkaline media,respectively.The mass activity of Ru/RuO_(2)-TiO_(2) in neutral media is 320 and 117 times higher than that of commercial Ru/C and Pt/C at the overpotential of 100 mV,respectively.This work emphasizes the proximity effect for activation of reactants which can be extended to other electrocat-alytic reactions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022 YFF 1202700 and 2022YFB3203500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62225403,62375046,51973024,an d U19A2091)+2 种基金“111”Project(No.B13013)Natur al Sci ence Foundation of Jilin Pro vin ce(No.20230101113JC)the Funding from Jilin Pr ovince(No.20220502002GH).
文摘Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.
文摘In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.
基金This study was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62003371,62373379,62103446,61273351,62073343)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Natural Science,China(No.2022JJ20081)the Innovation Driven Project of Central South University,China(No.2023CXQD066).
文摘This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknown orbital maneuvering.Firstly,the relative translational motion between the orbital target and the chaser spacecraft is described in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)coordinate frame along with attitude quaternion dynamics.Then,based on the coupled 6-Degree of Freedom(DOF)pose dynamic model,an analytical optimal control action consisting of constrained optimal control value,application time and its duration are proposed via exploring the iterative sequential action control algorithm.Meanwhile,the global closed-loop asymptotic stability of the proposed predictive control action is presented and discussed.Compared with traditional proximity control schemes,the highlighting advantages are that the application time and duration of the devised controller is applied discretely in light of the influence of the instantaneous pose configuration on the pose tracking performance with less energy consumptions rather than at each sample time.Finally,three groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical optimal pose tracking control scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21977075,22271200)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2009902,2022YFC2009900)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province(No.2023YFS0121)the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence at West China Hospital(No.ZYYC23003),Sichuan University。
文摘Here,we present a novel bioorthogonal platform that enables precise positioning of attached moieties in close proximity,thereby facilitating the discovery and optimization of biocompatible reactions.Using this platform,we achieve a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)reaction under physiological conditions,generating a fluorophore in situ with a yield of up to 93%.This proximity platform should facilitate the discovery of various types of biocompatible reactions,making it a versatile tool for biomedical applica-tions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(L212013)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1206104)+2 种基金AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation Project(Z211100003521002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971718,82073786,81872809,U20A20412,81821004)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222020).
文摘Achieving increasingly finely targeted drug delivery to organs,tissues,cells,and even to intracellular biomacromolecules is one of the core goals of nanomedicines.As the delivery destination is refined to cellular and subcellular targets,it is essential to explore the delivery of nanomedicines at the molecular level.However,due to the lack of technical methods,the molecular mechanism of the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines remains unclear to date.Here,we develop an enzyme-induced proximity labeling technology in nanoparticles(nano-EPL)for the real-time monitoring of proteins that interact with intracellular nanomedicines.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)nanoparticles coupled with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)were fabricated as a model(HRP(+)-PNPs)to evaluate the molecular mechanism of nano delivery in macrophages.By adding the labeling probe biotin-phenol and the catalytic substrate H_(2)O_(2)at different time points in cellular delivery,nano-EPL technology was validated for the real-time in situ labeling of proteins interacting with nanoparticles.Nano-EPL achieves the dynamic molecular profiling of 740 proteins to map the intracellular delivery of HRP(+)-PNPs in macrophages over time.Based on dynamic clustering analysis of these proteins,we further discovered that different organelles,including endosomes,lysosomes,the endoplasmic reticulum,and the Golgi apparatus,are involved in delivery with distinct participation timelines.More importantly,the engagement of these organelles differentially affects the drug delivery efficiency,reflecting the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of nano delivery in cells.In summary,these findings highlight a significant methodological advance toward understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines.
基金The work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61888102)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.ZDBS-SSW-WHC001 and XDB33030100).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity effects.However,plagued by the low Curie temperature and instability in air,it is hard to realize practical applications for the reported layered magnetic materials at present.In this paper,we developed a space-confined chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize ultrathin air-stable ε-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with Curie temperature above 350 K.The ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2) heterojunction was constructed to study the magnetic proximity effect on the superconductivity of the NbSe_(2) multilayer.The electrical transport results show that the subtle proximity effect can modulate the interfacial spin–orbit interaction while undegrading the superconducting critical parameters.Our work paves the way to construct 2D heterojunctions with ultrathin nonlayered materials and layered van der Waals(vdW)materials for exploring new physical phenomena.
文摘A new method for determining proximity parameters α,β ,and η in electron beam lithography is introduced on the assumption that the point exposure spread function is composed of two Gaussians.A single line is used as test pattern to determine proximity effect parameters and the normalization approach is adopted in experimental data transaction in order to eliminate the need of measuring exposure clearing dose of the resist.Furthermore,the parameters acquired by this method are successfully used for proximity effect correction in electron beam lithography on the same experimental conditions.
文摘Fiber sensors are commonly used to detect environmental,physiological,optical,chemical,and biological factors.Thermally drawn fibers offer numerous advantages over other commercial products,including enhanced sensitivity,accuracy,improved functionality,and ease of manufacturing.Multimaterial,multifunctional fibers encapsulate essential internal structures within a microscale fiber,unlike macroscale sensors requiring separate electronic components.The compact size of fiber sensors enables seamless integration into existing systems,providing the desired functionality.We present a multimodal fiber antenna monitoring,in real time,both the local deformation of the fiber and environmental changes caused by foreign objects in proximity to the fiber.Time domain reflectometry propagates an electromagnetic wave through the fiber,allowing precise determination of spatial changes along the fiber with exceptional resolution and sensitivity.Local changes in impedance reflect fiber deformation,whereas proximity is detected through alterations in the evanescent field surrounding the fiber.The fiber antenna operates as a waveguide to detect local deformation through the antisymmetric mode and environmental changes through the symmetric mode.This multifunctionality broadens its application areas from biomedical engineering to cyber-physical interfacing.In antisymmetric mode,the device can sense local changes in pressure,and,potentially,temperature,pH,and other physiological conditions.In symmetric mode,it can be used in touch screens,environmental detection for security,cyber-physical interfacing,and human-robot interactions.
文摘Considering the efficiency and veracity of rules based optical proximity correction (OPC),the importance of rules in rules based OPC is pointed out.And how to select,to construct and to apply more concise and practical rules base is disscussed.Based on those ideas,four primary rules are suggested.Some data resulted in rules base are shown in table.The patterns on wafer are clearly improved by applying these rules to correct mask.OPCL,the automatic construction of the rules base is an important part of the whole rules based OPC system.
文摘We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential routing. The routing algorithm is based on constructed force directed Steiner tree routing to enhance routing efficien- cy. Experimental results on industrial benchmark circuits show that the presented routing algorithm can obtain much improvement considering optical effects short runtime.
文摘In order to analyze the electrostatic field concerned with electrostatic proximity fuze problem using the available finite analysis software package, the technology to model the problem with a scale reduction object and boundary was presented. The boundary is determined by the maximum distance the sensor can detect. The object model is obtained by multiplying the terms in Poisson's equation with a scale reduction factor and the real value can be reconstructed with the same reverse process after software calculation. Using the finite element analysis program, the simulation value is close to the theoretical value with a little error. The boundary determination and scale reduction method is suitable to modeling the irregular electrostatic field around air targets, such as airplane, missile and so on, which is based on commonly used personal computer (PC). The technology reduces the calculation and storage cost greatly.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20704042)the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan(No.07PJ14095)+1 种基金the CAS Knowledge Innovation Programthe Committee of Science and Technology of Shanghai(Nos.06XD14020,07JC14058,0752nm016)~~
文摘We describe the fabrication of metal nanogaps of sub-20nm in feature size using the proximity effect in electron beam lithography （EBL）. The proximity effect is extended to develop a flexible and practical method for preparing metal （e. g. Au or Ag） nanogaps and arrays in combination with a transfer process （e. g., deposition/lift-off）. Different from the direct gap-writing process,the nanogap precursor structures （nanoconnections） were designed by GDSII software and then written by electron beam. Following a deposition and lift-off process, the metal nanogaps were obtained and the nanogap size can be lowered to -10nm by controlling the exposure dose in EBL.
