Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal ...Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal materials promotes the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine,and contributes to rural revitalization and the building of an agricultural power.This article provides an overview of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Hubei Province.It conducts a detailed investigation into the intellectual property resources of the province s traditional Chinese medicinal materials from aspects such as traditional knowledge,genetic resources,new plant varieties,patents,geographical indications,and trademarks.It analyzes the eight main problems in the protection,inheritance,and innovative development of intellectual property rights,and puts forward corresponding suggestions,such as establishing an intellectual property rights rule system for specific fields of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,promoting the"Famous Brand Action in Rural Areas",and building a"Hubei s Sixteen Superior Herbs"cluster of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
The Chinese government’s common prosperity policy has inspired a series of rural development initiatives aimed at reducing income disparities between urban and rural areas.Zhejiang Province was designated as the firs...The Chinese government’s common prosperity policy has inspired a series of rural development initiatives aimed at reducing income disparities between urban and rural areas.Zhejiang Province was designated as the first demonstration zone in China’s pursuit of common prosperity.To explore the demonstration effect of rural development on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas,this study adopts the Theil index to measure urban-rural income disparity levels and explores spatial evolution patterns of the income disparity in 52 counties of Zhejiang Province,China from 2011 to 2020.The spatial Durbin model is also used to investigate the impact of rural development on the urban-rural income disparity.The results show that:1)Urban-rural income disparities have gradually narrowed.Moreover,income disparities across the province are spatially clustered from north to south.Narrowing the gap between mountainous and non-mountainous counties is imperative for resolving these spatial imbalances in the short term.2)Rural development reduces urban-rural income disparity levels and generates economic and technological spillover effects,as evidenced by the phenomenon where development in one county leads to reduced income disparities in neighboring counties.3)The technological innovation enhances the co-development of rural industries through technological diffusion effects,further strengthening rural development.Finally,enhancing the ecological environment synergizes with rural development to reduce urban-rural income disparities.The research results provide policy implications for narrowing the urban-rural income disparity and promoting common prosperity.展开更多
Varicella,a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus(VZV),predominantly affects children and is characterized by symptoms such as low-grade fever and vesicular rash[1,2].In China,va...Varicella,a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus(VZV),predominantly affects children and is characterized by symptoms such as low-grade fever and vesicular rash[1,2].In China,varicella remains prevalent,with a steady increase in incidence,peaking at 70.14 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2019[3].Although the number of reported outbreaks and cases from 2020 to 2022 was lower than those from 2006 to 2012 and 2013 to 2019,varicella continues to pose a significant public health challenge[3].展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and...Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.展开更多
Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs a...Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.展开更多
The accretion of the Panama-ChocóBlock to the South American Plate partially drove the geological setting of the northern Andes.This event occurred in different collisional stages that are recorded in Oligocene-m...The accretion of the Panama-ChocóBlock to the South American Plate partially drove the geological setting of the northern Andes.This event occurred in different collisional stages that are recorded in Oligocene-middle Miocene deformed rocks of the inter-Andean valley between the Western and Central Cordilleras of Colombia.However,uncertainty remains about the age of the latest accretionary phases of the Panama-ChocóBlock.Poorly studied late Miocene volcanic rocks within the northern inter-Andean valley may provide key information to constrain the temporality of that final collision.Here,we study the deformational features of the~12-6 Ma extrusive rocks of the Combia Volcanic Province located in the northwestern Andes(Colombia).We present anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)data for pyroclastic and volcanic rocks within the AmagáBasin,an inter-Andean depression with Oligocene-middle Miocene sedimentary rocks that recorded NW-SE compression and NE-SW simple shear caused by the Panama-ChocóBlock collision.We identified that the magnetic fabrics of the extrusive rocks of the Combia Volcanic Province reveal flow directions that indicate the occurrence of ancient volcanoes in the central axis of the AmagáBasin.Some of these fabrics do not contain any deformational features,whereas others record the same structural regime as the Oligocene-middle Miocene sedimentary rocks.We infer that variations in the intensity of the deformation promoted late Miocene local fault reactivations that,in contrast to the Oligocene-middle Miocene deformational events,did not affect the entire AmagáBasin.Age differences among the studied sections can also explain the different deformational patterns identified in the basin.Both interpretations suggest that the most significant collisional events of the Panama-ChocóBlock occurred in the Oligocene-middle Miocene,whereas the formation of the Combia Volcanic Province may have either followed or coincided with the latest stages of the accretion.展开更多
Taking the rural low-income population of Zhejiang Province as its subject, this paper examines how to build a sustainable income-growth mechanism and identify feasible implementation paths within the context of the c...Taking the rural low-income population of Zhejiang Province as its subject, this paper examines how to build a sustainable income-growth mechanism and identify feasible implementation paths within the context of the common prosperity strategy. The research identifies key obstacles to income expansion, including an undiversified industrial structure, insufficient human capital, and a lack of robust social protection. These call for systemic solutions featuring institutional innovation, resource consolidation, and capability enhancement. Building on Zhejiang's experience as a common prosperity demonstration zone, the article constructs an integrated framework centered on four pillars: industrial empowerment, education upgrading, social security reinforcement, and digital coordination. It further offers concrete policy proposals involving the cultivation of localized industries, vocational skill training, enhanced safety nets, and the adoption of digital tools. The study thus offers both theoretical insights and practical paradigms for tackling the challenge of raising incomes in low-income rural areas.展开更多
Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic c...Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic carbon emissions(ACEs)in Shandong Province,China during 2000-2020,and identified the sensitivity factors affecting VCS.The results show that:1)VCS increased consistently from 193.45 million t to 256.41 million t,with high values areas concentrated in the central,northeastern,and southeastern mountainous and hilly regions,while low values were found in water bodies and urban built-up areas.At the city level,Linyi,Yantai,Binzhou,and Jinan experienced the most significant rises-reaching up to 243000 t/yr.At the county level,Pingdu,Qixia,and Yiyuan also showed substantial growth,each exceeding 30400 t/yr.2)Digital Elevation Molde(DEM)was identified as the dominant natural factor influencing VCS distribution,while land use optimization measures,especially afforestation and farmland conversion in sloped terrain,were the primary human drivers of VCS increase.3)Urbanization and carbon neutrality were not mutually exclusive.While urban expansion locally reduced VCS,rural emigration enhanced carbon sinks in surrounding areas,partially offsetting urban losses.This compensatory mechanism supported VCS increases in nearly all cities and 90% of counties.Nevertheless,with ACEs continuing to rise and the offset ratio by VCS declining,achieving carbon neutrality requires regional strategies that integrate with accelerated energy conservation,emission reduction technologies,and energy transition.These findings provide a scientific basis for decomposing carbon neutrality targets across cities and counties in Shandong and a reference for developing localized land use policies in similar regions.展开更多
The giant impact hypothesis for the Moon's origin has had difficulty explaining the nearly identical isotopic compositions of Moon rocks and rocks from Earth's silicate mantle and crust.These similarities are ...The giant impact hypothesis for the Moon's origin has had difficulty explaining the nearly identical isotopic compositions of Moon rocks and rocks from Earth's silicate mantle and crust.These similarities are instead more compatible with the Darwin-Wise hypothesis that the Moon arose by fission of a rapidly spinning Earth.To overcome problems with the fission model concerning structural stability and angular momentum conservation,some authors suggested that lunar fission was feasible on a more slowly rotating Earth if assisted by a nuclear explosion near the core-mantle boundary.In this light we consider the possible roles of the large low-velocity provinces(LLVPs).These long-lived structures have been implicated in diverse geophysical processes ranging from deep mantle plumes to continental breakup and mass extinction events.While the LLVPs have been seen as possible remnants of the giant imp actor,we propose that one of them was the site of lunar ejection.Internal heating of the liquid core is suggested to have given rise to an equatorial belt just under the core-mantle boundary analogous to the one recently detected by Ma and Tkalcic[Sci Adv 10(35):eadn5562,2024].Upwellings of heat and volatiles from this belt then generated two antipodal,equatorial bulges:the precursors of the Pacific and African LLVPs.Prior to the emergence of plate tectonics,core heat was mainly dissipated by networks of deep mantle plumes extending above the proto-LLVPs.These plume networks represent conduits of weakened mantle through which proto-lunar materials could later rise in a focused ejection.Continuing heat buildup in the core eventually triggered a cataclysmic explosion in the Pacific proto-LLVP,possibly analogous to a planetary-scale kimberlite eruption.This explosion launched LLVP and overlying mantle material into a low Earth orbit,where it coalesced to form the Moon.Some possible sources of additional energy to power the explosion are considered,including nuclear fission,bolide impacts and a hypothetical gravitational decay process culminating in a'A event'.展开更多
Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall ...Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall working experience.This study aimed to assess job burnout and determine the factors that contribute to it among critical care nurses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive,exploratory,cross-sectional research design.A total of 220 nurses employed in the critical care units of 5 private hospitals in the eastern region were selected for participation in this study using a convenience sample method.An electronic survey was distributed to critical care nurses in the Eastern Province who satisfied the specified inclusion criteria.The job burnout questionnaire utilized in this study was derived from previously conducted research,which has been established as a reliable and valid survey instrument.The process of data analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS program.The scientific research conducted on human subjects adhered rigorously to all ethical considerations.Results:The highest percentage of nurses at the critical care units reported experiencing moderate levels of job burnout.Nurses exhibiting greater levels of professional experience demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall burnout scores when compared to their less experienced counterparts.Furthermore,within the realm of sociodemographic factors,it was found that the only significant independent predictor for job burnout was the level of experience among critical care nurses.Conclusions:The prevalence of burnout among nurses in critical care settings was found to be significant,with most participants reporting moderate levels of burnout which can yield significant ramifications for nurses and healthcare professionals.Consequently,healthcare organizations must accord primacy to the welfare of their staff and adopt proactive strategies to mitigate job burnout.展开更多
Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological li...Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.展开更多
Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness...Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.展开更多
To assess the effect of mining activity on heavy metal pollution and associated health risks in tin mining regions,water and soil sampling was conducted near a tin mining site in Hunan Province.The content and distrib...To assess the effect of mining activity on heavy metal pollution and associated health risks in tin mining regions,water and soil sampling was conducted near a tin mining site in Hunan Province.The content and distribution of heavy metals were determined.Pollution,ecological risks,and potential health hazards were evaluated using the ground accumulation index,potential ecological risk index,and health risk assessment models,respectively.The results indicated elevated levels of heavy metals in water and soil samples compared to acceptable background values.Ground accumulation index assessment revealed extreme pollution of soil with As and Cd and moderate pollution with Cu,Pb,and Zn.Cr and Hg were categorized as non-pollutants.Water samples exhibited extreme pollution levels of Hg,Cr,Cd,and As;moderate pollution levels of Pb;and moderate to high pollution levels of Cu and Zn.The tin mining area demonstrated a significantly high level of potential ecological risk,where As and Cd were the primary risk elements in soil,whereas Cr,Cd,and As contributed predominantly to water ecological risk.The human health risk assessment highlighted As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,and Cu in water and As and Pb in soil as the principal non-carcinogenic factors.The primary carcinogenic factors were As,Cr,and Cd in water and As in soil,with As posing the greatest risk for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects.Furthermore,oral intake was the primary exposure route,with children being particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal pollution.展开更多
[Objective]Precipitation events caused by Super Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province were simulated and evaluated based on the WRF model to provide a reference for typhoon precipitation simulation and forecasting in sou...[Objective]Precipitation events caused by Super Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province were simulated and evaluated based on the WRF model to provide a reference for typhoon precipitation simulation and forecasting in southeast coastal areas of China.[Methods]The next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction model WRF V4.3(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)was used to simulate the precipitation caused by Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province in 2023.Observations from 86 meteorological stations with hourly rainfall records were used to evaluate the model’s performance.Six evaluation indices were used,including the correlation coefficient(R),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),equitable threat score(ETS),probability of detection(POD),and false alarm ratio(FAR).[Results](1)The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation during Typhoon Doksuri was effectively captured by the WRF model.Precipitation intensity increased gradually from July 27 to 29,2023,with the heaviest rainfall concentrated in the northern and eastern coastal areas of Fujian Province.(2)Significant differences in model performance were observed in terms of R,RMSE,and MAE.The largest errors occurred in Putian City,while smaller errors were found in southwestern Fujian Province.The evaluation result of all six indices showed that the WRF model performed best in simulating daily precipitation compared to hourly,three-hourly,six-hourly,and twelve-hourly precipitation.(3)The R95p index indicated that the WRF model successfully captured the overall spatial distribution of extreme precipitation.However,extreme precipitation intensity was overestimated in certain coastal areas.(4)Despite accurately identifying the coastal regions of Fujian as being most affected,the WRF model failed to accurately simulate the spatial distribution and intensity of precipitation.The simulated precipitation centers showed discrepancies when compared with the observed centers.[Conclusion]Although the WRF model underestimated hourly precipitation,it successfully captured the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of rainfall caused by Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province.It reproduced the heavy rainfall centers in central Fujian Province,with daily precipitation peaks reaching up to 350 mm.This highlighted the severity of extreme rainfall caused by Typhoon Doksuri.展开更多
Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds tha...Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds that the low-altitude economy can effectively promote the development of high-end and diversified tourism in Zhejiang by innovating tourism formats,optimizing resource allocation,and enhancing tourist experiences.Besides,it analyzes the current development status of the low-altitude economy in Zhejiang and its potential for integration with tourism,revealing specific enabling pathways for tourism transformation,including low-altitude sightseeing,aviation tourism,and low-altitude sports.Finally,it proposes policy recommendations such as strengthening policy support,enhancing infrastructure development,and cultivating market entities.The findings aim to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the high-quality development of tourism in Zhejiang Province.展开更多
Investigation and analysis of the current status of farmers'livelihood capital and promptly discovering and solving problems in farmers'livelihood development are of great practical significance for optimizing...Investigation and analysis of the current status of farmers'livelihood capital and promptly discovering and solving problems in farmers'livelihood development are of great practical significance for optimizing farmers'livelihood strategies and enhancing farmers'livelihood sustainable development capability.Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,taking Yangshan County as an example,this paper uses field surveys,questionnaires and interviews to summarize and analyze the current status and characteristics and main problems of local farmers'livelihood capitals on the basis of the data of 628 farmer samples.It proposes countermeasures for future development of farmers'livelihoods.Implementing these strategies will be helpful for improving the livelihoods capital structure of farmers'and enhancing their sustainable development capability.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the factors influencing the tourism economy in Henan Province.[Methods]Using tourism-related data from Henan Province covering the period from 2000 to 2020,this study constructs a regression model...[Objectives]To study the factors influencing the tourism economy in Henan Province.[Methods]Using tourism-related data from Henan Province covering the period from 2000 to 2020,this study constructs a regression model based on multivariate statistical methods to investigate the determinants of the tourism economy.The dependent variable in the model is the domestic tourism revenue of Henan Province,while the independent variables comprise the number of tourist arrivals,total operational railway mileage,the number of travel agencies,and the per capita disposable income of urban residents.[Results]Both the total railway mileage and the per capita disposable income of urban residents are the primary factors influencing the development of Henan's tourism economy.[Conclusions]It is recommended to reduce uncertainty and liquidity constraints to mitigate residents'precautionary savings behavior,actively expand domestic demand to leverage tourism as an economic driver,and improve infrastructure to support tourism development.展开更多
The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Pro...The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province,China”.展开更多
Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,00...Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.展开更多
Water scarcity in Khuzestan Province,Iran,has attracted growing concerns despite the region's abundant water resources.The province predominantly relies on surface water,prompting an assessment of groundwater'...Water scarcity in Khuzestan Province,Iran,has attracted growing concerns despite the region's abundant water resources.The province predominantly relies on surface water,prompting an assessment of groundwater's potential to supplement water supplies during surface water shortages.This study assesses the province's groundwater availability and quality under increased exploitation conditions.Between 2008 and 2018,data on groundwater quantity and quality were collected from 204 exploration wells and 70 piezometric wells across 19 aquifers.The analysis revealed that 53%of aquifers in the eastern and northeastern regions experienced declining groundwater levels.Hydrochemical assessments indicated low concentrations of major ions in the northeastern,while high levels were observed from the central region towards the southeast.These variations were attributed to agricultural and industrial activities,seawater intrusion,and the influences of evaporation and geological factors.The dominant hydrochemical facies identified were of the Ca-Cl type.Water quality classification showed that 48%of groundwater samples fell within the C4S4-C4S1 category,primarily in the western,central,and southern regions,while 27%were classified as C3S2,C3S1,and 25%as C2S1,mainly in the northern and eastern regions.The Irrigation WWater Quality(IWQ)index indicated that many samples were suitable for irrigation.Additionally,the analysis potable groundwater was primarily found in the northern,northeastern,and eastern aquifers,with quality declining toward the south.The study highlights that certain aquifers in the northern and eastern regions offer greater potential for sustainable groundwater exploitation during water shortages.These findings provide valuable insights for on how to implement effective land and water management strategies to mitigate future water crises.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
文摘Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal materials promotes the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine,and contributes to rural revitalization and the building of an agricultural power.This article provides an overview of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Hubei Province.It conducts a detailed investigation into the intellectual property resources of the province s traditional Chinese medicinal materials from aspects such as traditional knowledge,genetic resources,new plant varieties,patents,geographical indications,and trademarks.It analyzes the eight main problems in the protection,inheritance,and innovative development of intellectual property rights,and puts forward corresponding suggestions,such as establishing an intellectual property rights rule system for specific fields of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,promoting the"Famous Brand Action in Rural Areas",and building a"Hubei s Sixteen Superior Herbs"cluster of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
基金Under the auspices of Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(No.23YJC790127)Major projects of the National Social Science Fund(No.18ZDA045)。
文摘The Chinese government’s common prosperity policy has inspired a series of rural development initiatives aimed at reducing income disparities between urban and rural areas.Zhejiang Province was designated as the first demonstration zone in China’s pursuit of common prosperity.To explore the demonstration effect of rural development on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas,this study adopts the Theil index to measure urban-rural income disparity levels and explores spatial evolution patterns of the income disparity in 52 counties of Zhejiang Province,China from 2011 to 2020.The spatial Durbin model is also used to investigate the impact of rural development on the urban-rural income disparity.The results show that:1)Urban-rural income disparities have gradually narrowed.Moreover,income disparities across the province are spatially clustered from north to south.Narrowing the gap between mountainous and non-mountainous counties is imperative for resolving these spatial imbalances in the short term.2)Rural development reduces urban-rural income disparity levels and generates economic and technological spillover effects,as evidenced by the phenomenon where development in one county leads to reduced income disparities in neighboring counties.3)The technological innovation enhances the co-development of rural industries through technological diffusion effects,further strengthening rural development.Finally,enhancing the ecological environment synergizes with rural development to reduce urban-rural income disparities.The research results provide policy implications for narrowing the urban-rural income disparity and promoting common prosperity.
文摘Varicella,a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus(VZV),predominantly affects children and is characterized by symptoms such as low-grade fever and vesicular rash[1,2].In China,varicella remains prevalent,with a steady increase in incidence,peaking at 70.14 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2019[3].Although the number of reported outbreaks and cases from 2020 to 2022 was lower than those from 2006 to 2012 and 2013 to 2019,varicella continues to pose a significant public health challenge[3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82574173,82003516)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20251958)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline(ZDXK202250)Top Talent Awards Project Fund(RDF-TP-0023,RDF-TP-0030)Postgraduate Research Fund(PGRS2112022)at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.
文摘Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.
文摘Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants W2433104 to V.A.P. and42225402 to J.L.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant 2024M753205 to V.A.P.)+4 种基金the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (International Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers, Grant 2025PD02 to V.A.P.)an association between ECOS-NORD (France)Colciencias/Icetex (Colombia)(Grant C12U01 to M.I.M.)a junior fellowship scheme of Colciencias (Colombia)(Grant 706-2015 to V.A.P.)supported the undergraduate final project of A.T
文摘The accretion of the Panama-ChocóBlock to the South American Plate partially drove the geological setting of the northern Andes.This event occurred in different collisional stages that are recorded in Oligocene-middle Miocene deformed rocks of the inter-Andean valley between the Western and Central Cordilleras of Colombia.However,uncertainty remains about the age of the latest accretionary phases of the Panama-ChocóBlock.Poorly studied late Miocene volcanic rocks within the northern inter-Andean valley may provide key information to constrain the temporality of that final collision.Here,we study the deformational features of the~12-6 Ma extrusive rocks of the Combia Volcanic Province located in the northwestern Andes(Colombia).We present anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)data for pyroclastic and volcanic rocks within the AmagáBasin,an inter-Andean depression with Oligocene-middle Miocene sedimentary rocks that recorded NW-SE compression and NE-SW simple shear caused by the Panama-ChocóBlock collision.We identified that the magnetic fabrics of the extrusive rocks of the Combia Volcanic Province reveal flow directions that indicate the occurrence of ancient volcanoes in the central axis of the AmagáBasin.Some of these fabrics do not contain any deformational features,whereas others record the same structural regime as the Oligocene-middle Miocene sedimentary rocks.We infer that variations in the intensity of the deformation promoted late Miocene local fault reactivations that,in contrast to the Oligocene-middle Miocene deformational events,did not affect the entire AmagáBasin.Age differences among the studied sections can also explain the different deformational patterns identified in the basin.Both interpretations suggest that the most significant collisional events of the Panama-ChocóBlock occurred in the Oligocene-middle Miocene,whereas the formation of the Combia Volcanic Province may have either followed or coincided with the latest stages of the accretion.
文摘Taking the rural low-income population of Zhejiang Province as its subject, this paper examines how to build a sustainable income-growth mechanism and identify feasible implementation paths within the context of the common prosperity strategy. The research identifies key obstacles to income expansion, including an undiversified industrial structure, insufficient human capital, and a lack of robust social protection. These call for systemic solutions featuring institutional innovation, resource consolidation, and capability enhancement. Building on Zhejiang's experience as a common prosperity demonstration zone, the article constructs an integrated framework centered on four pillars: industrial empowerment, education upgrading, social security reinforcement, and digital coordination. It further offers concrete policy proposals involving the cultivation of localized industries, vocational skill training, enhanced safety nets, and the adoption of digital tools. The study thus offers both theoretical insights and practical paradigms for tackling the challenge of raising incomes in low-income rural areas.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42476247,42461015)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2024COSIM01)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.GuikeAD23026194)。
文摘Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic carbon emissions(ACEs)in Shandong Province,China during 2000-2020,and identified the sensitivity factors affecting VCS.The results show that:1)VCS increased consistently from 193.45 million t to 256.41 million t,with high values areas concentrated in the central,northeastern,and southeastern mountainous and hilly regions,while low values were found in water bodies and urban built-up areas.At the city level,Linyi,Yantai,Binzhou,and Jinan experienced the most significant rises-reaching up to 243000 t/yr.At the county level,Pingdu,Qixia,and Yiyuan also showed substantial growth,each exceeding 30400 t/yr.2)Digital Elevation Molde(DEM)was identified as the dominant natural factor influencing VCS distribution,while land use optimization measures,especially afforestation and farmland conversion in sloped terrain,were the primary human drivers of VCS increase.3)Urbanization and carbon neutrality were not mutually exclusive.While urban expansion locally reduced VCS,rural emigration enhanced carbon sinks in surrounding areas,partially offsetting urban losses.This compensatory mechanism supported VCS increases in nearly all cities and 90% of counties.Nevertheless,with ACEs continuing to rise and the offset ratio by VCS declining,achieving carbon neutrality requires regional strategies that integrate with accelerated energy conservation,emission reduction technologies,and energy transition.These findings provide a scientific basis for decomposing carbon neutrality targets across cities and counties in Shandong and a reference for developing localized land use policies in similar regions.
文摘The giant impact hypothesis for the Moon's origin has had difficulty explaining the nearly identical isotopic compositions of Moon rocks and rocks from Earth's silicate mantle and crust.These similarities are instead more compatible with the Darwin-Wise hypothesis that the Moon arose by fission of a rapidly spinning Earth.To overcome problems with the fission model concerning structural stability and angular momentum conservation,some authors suggested that lunar fission was feasible on a more slowly rotating Earth if assisted by a nuclear explosion near the core-mantle boundary.In this light we consider the possible roles of the large low-velocity provinces(LLVPs).These long-lived structures have been implicated in diverse geophysical processes ranging from deep mantle plumes to continental breakup and mass extinction events.While the LLVPs have been seen as possible remnants of the giant imp actor,we propose that one of them was the site of lunar ejection.Internal heating of the liquid core is suggested to have given rise to an equatorial belt just under the core-mantle boundary analogous to the one recently detected by Ma and Tkalcic[Sci Adv 10(35):eadn5562,2024].Upwellings of heat and volatiles from this belt then generated two antipodal,equatorial bulges:the precursors of the Pacific and African LLVPs.Prior to the emergence of plate tectonics,core heat was mainly dissipated by networks of deep mantle plumes extending above the proto-LLVPs.These plume networks represent conduits of weakened mantle through which proto-lunar materials could later rise in a focused ejection.Continuing heat buildup in the core eventually triggered a cataclysmic explosion in the Pacific proto-LLVP,possibly analogous to a planetary-scale kimberlite eruption.This explosion launched LLVP and overlying mantle material into a low Earth orbit,where it coalesced to form the Moon.Some possible sources of additional energy to power the explosion are considered,including nuclear fission,bolide impacts and a hypothetical gravitational decay process culminating in a'A event'.
文摘Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall working experience.This study aimed to assess job burnout and determine the factors that contribute to it among critical care nurses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive,exploratory,cross-sectional research design.A total of 220 nurses employed in the critical care units of 5 private hospitals in the eastern region were selected for participation in this study using a convenience sample method.An electronic survey was distributed to critical care nurses in the Eastern Province who satisfied the specified inclusion criteria.The job burnout questionnaire utilized in this study was derived from previously conducted research,which has been established as a reliable and valid survey instrument.The process of data analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS program.The scientific research conducted on human subjects adhered rigorously to all ethical considerations.Results:The highest percentage of nurses at the critical care units reported experiencing moderate levels of job burnout.Nurses exhibiting greater levels of professional experience demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall burnout scores when compared to their less experienced counterparts.Furthermore,within the realm of sociodemographic factors,it was found that the only significant independent predictor for job burnout was the level of experience among critical care nurses.Conclusions:The prevalence of burnout among nurses in critical care settings was found to be significant,with most participants reporting moderate levels of burnout which can yield significant ramifications for nurses and healthcare professionals.Consequently,healthcare organizations must accord primacy to the welfare of their staff and adopt proactive strategies to mitigate job burnout.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42330510,41871160,42371262)。
文摘Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3204404)。
文摘Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the Granite Formation Research Center of China Geological Survey(grant numbers PMGR202009,PMGR202108,PMGR202115)the Geological Survey of China(grant number DD20190154).
文摘To assess the effect of mining activity on heavy metal pollution and associated health risks in tin mining regions,water and soil sampling was conducted near a tin mining site in Hunan Province.The content and distribution of heavy metals were determined.Pollution,ecological risks,and potential health hazards were evaluated using the ground accumulation index,potential ecological risk index,and health risk assessment models,respectively.The results indicated elevated levels of heavy metals in water and soil samples compared to acceptable background values.Ground accumulation index assessment revealed extreme pollution of soil with As and Cd and moderate pollution with Cu,Pb,and Zn.Cr and Hg were categorized as non-pollutants.Water samples exhibited extreme pollution levels of Hg,Cr,Cd,and As;moderate pollution levels of Pb;and moderate to high pollution levels of Cu and Zn.The tin mining area demonstrated a significantly high level of potential ecological risk,where As and Cd were the primary risk elements in soil,whereas Cr,Cd,and As contributed predominantly to water ecological risk.The human health risk assessment highlighted As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,and Cu in water and As and Pb in soil as the principal non-carcinogenic factors.The primary carcinogenic factors were As,Cr,and Cd in water and As in soil,with As posing the greatest risk for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects.Furthermore,oral intake was the primary exposure route,with children being particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal pollution.
文摘[Objective]Precipitation events caused by Super Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province were simulated and evaluated based on the WRF model to provide a reference for typhoon precipitation simulation and forecasting in southeast coastal areas of China.[Methods]The next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction model WRF V4.3(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)was used to simulate the precipitation caused by Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province in 2023.Observations from 86 meteorological stations with hourly rainfall records were used to evaluate the model’s performance.Six evaluation indices were used,including the correlation coefficient(R),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),equitable threat score(ETS),probability of detection(POD),and false alarm ratio(FAR).[Results](1)The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation during Typhoon Doksuri was effectively captured by the WRF model.Precipitation intensity increased gradually from July 27 to 29,2023,with the heaviest rainfall concentrated in the northern and eastern coastal areas of Fujian Province.(2)Significant differences in model performance were observed in terms of R,RMSE,and MAE.The largest errors occurred in Putian City,while smaller errors were found in southwestern Fujian Province.The evaluation result of all six indices showed that the WRF model performed best in simulating daily precipitation compared to hourly,three-hourly,six-hourly,and twelve-hourly precipitation.(3)The R95p index indicated that the WRF model successfully captured the overall spatial distribution of extreme precipitation.However,extreme precipitation intensity was overestimated in certain coastal areas.(4)Despite accurately identifying the coastal regions of Fujian as being most affected,the WRF model failed to accurately simulate the spatial distribution and intensity of precipitation.The simulated precipitation centers showed discrepancies when compared with the observed centers.[Conclusion]Although the WRF model underestimated hourly precipitation,it successfully captured the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of rainfall caused by Typhoon Doksuri in Fujian Province.It reproduced the heavy rainfall centers in central Fujian Province,with daily precipitation peaks reaching up to 350 mm.This highlighted the severity of extreme rainfall caused by Typhoon Doksuri.
文摘Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds that the low-altitude economy can effectively promote the development of high-end and diversified tourism in Zhejiang by innovating tourism formats,optimizing resource allocation,and enhancing tourist experiences.Besides,it analyzes the current development status of the low-altitude economy in Zhejiang and its potential for integration with tourism,revealing specific enabling pathways for tourism transformation,including low-altitude sightseeing,aviation tourism,and low-altitude sports.Finally,it proposes policy recommendations such as strengthening policy support,enhancing infrastructure development,and cultivating market entities.The findings aim to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the high-quality development of tourism in Zhejiang Province.
基金Supported by Guangdong Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD24CGL18&GD23CGL02).
文摘Investigation and analysis of the current status of farmers'livelihood capital and promptly discovering and solving problems in farmers'livelihood development are of great practical significance for optimizing farmers'livelihood strategies and enhancing farmers'livelihood sustainable development capability.Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,taking Yangshan County as an example,this paper uses field surveys,questionnaires and interviews to summarize and analyze the current status and characteristics and main problems of local farmers'livelihood capitals on the basis of the data of 628 farmer samples.It proposes countermeasures for future development of farmers'livelihoods.Implementing these strategies will be helpful for improving the livelihoods capital structure of farmers'and enhancing their sustainable development capability.
文摘[Objectives]To study the factors influencing the tourism economy in Henan Province.[Methods]Using tourism-related data from Henan Province covering the period from 2000 to 2020,this study constructs a regression model based on multivariate statistical methods to investigate the determinants of the tourism economy.The dependent variable in the model is the domestic tourism revenue of Henan Province,while the independent variables comprise the number of tourist arrivals,total operational railway mileage,the number of travel agencies,and the per capita disposable income of urban residents.[Results]Both the total railway mileage and the per capita disposable income of urban residents are the primary factors influencing the development of Henan's tourism economy.[Conclusions]It is recommended to reduce uncertainty and liquidity constraints to mitigate residents'precautionary savings behavior,actively expand domestic demand to leverage tourism as an economic driver,and improve infrastructure to support tourism development.
文摘The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province,China”.
基金supported by the Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)。
文摘Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.
文摘Water scarcity in Khuzestan Province,Iran,has attracted growing concerns despite the region's abundant water resources.The province predominantly relies on surface water,prompting an assessment of groundwater's potential to supplement water supplies during surface water shortages.This study assesses the province's groundwater availability and quality under increased exploitation conditions.Between 2008 and 2018,data on groundwater quantity and quality were collected from 204 exploration wells and 70 piezometric wells across 19 aquifers.The analysis revealed that 53%of aquifers in the eastern and northeastern regions experienced declining groundwater levels.Hydrochemical assessments indicated low concentrations of major ions in the northeastern,while high levels were observed from the central region towards the southeast.These variations were attributed to agricultural and industrial activities,seawater intrusion,and the influences of evaporation and geological factors.The dominant hydrochemical facies identified were of the Ca-Cl type.Water quality classification showed that 48%of groundwater samples fell within the C4S4-C4S1 category,primarily in the western,central,and southern regions,while 27%were classified as C3S2,C3S1,and 25%as C2S1,mainly in the northern and eastern regions.The Irrigation WWater Quality(IWQ)index indicated that many samples were suitable for irrigation.Additionally,the analysis potable groundwater was primarily found in the northern,northeastern,and eastern aquifers,with quality declining toward the south.The study highlights that certain aquifers in the northern and eastern regions offer greater potential for sustainable groundwater exploitation during water shortages.These findings provide valuable insights for on how to implement effective land and water management strategies to mitigate future water crises.
