The anti-seasonal hydrology with 30 m water fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)of China attracts growing environmental and ecological concems.We investigated the biotransformation of the herbicide propanil...The anti-seasonal hydrology with 30 m water fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)of China attracts growing environmental and ecological concems.We investigated the biotransformation of the herbicide propanil in plants dominating in the littoral zone of the TGR by applying the 14C-ring-labeled herbicide into non-aseptic hydroponic plant systems(Cynodon dactylon,Nelumbo nucifera and Bidens pilosa),aseptic plants(Lemna minor and Lemna gibba)and cell suspension cultures(C.dactylon and L.minor).(1)Propanil absorbed in plants of the hydroponic systems was(12.46±1.63)%of applied radioactivity(AR)(C.clactylon),(52.36±6.38)%(N.nucifera)and(76.55±6.07)%(B.pilosa),respectively.The 14C-residues in the plant extractable fractions and the corresponding media were confirmed by radio-Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC),radio-High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry(GC-EIMS)as propanil,3,4-dichloroaniline(DCA)and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylamine(Glu-DCA).(2)About 8%of AR was taken up by both aseptic plants,from which 7.0%of AR was extracted and identified also as propanfl,DCA and Glu-DCA.(3)Concerning cell suspension cultures,(39.22±9.39)%of AR was absorbed by C.dactylon after 72 hr,whereas the accumulated 14C-propanil by L.minor cell suspension culture amounted to(65.04±1.72)%after 7 days.The identified compounds in cell cultures are consistent with those in the tested plants.Most of the pesticide residues in the intact plants were un-extractable,which are recognized as the end of the detoxificafion process.We therefore consider these plants as suitable for the phytoremediation of the herbicide propanil in the TGR region.展开更多
采用田间小区试验方法,开展了46%敌稗·丁草胺·异[口恶]草松乳油(EC)对水稻直播田杂草防除效果及应用技术的试验。分别设置5个不同剂量处理组1380、1725、2070、3450 m L/hm^(2),以及空白对照组进行茎叶喷雾处理。结果表明,药...采用田间小区试验方法,开展了46%敌稗·丁草胺·异[口恶]草松乳油(EC)对水稻直播田杂草防除效果及应用技术的试验。分别设置5个不同剂量处理组1380、1725、2070、3450 m L/hm^(2),以及空白对照组进行茎叶喷雾处理。结果表明,药后30 d,46%敌稗·丁草胺·异草松EC 1380~2070 m L/hm^(2)处理对杂草的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为989.47%~92.52%和92.51%~94.78%。建议46%敌稗·丁草胺·异[口恶]草松EC以推荐用量1380~2070 m L/hm^(2)于水稻2叶1心至3叶1心,稗草、千金子3叶1心之前施药,可有效控制杂草的发生,且对作物安全。展开更多
为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺...为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油以有效成分用药量684.0~855.0 g a.i./hm^(2)进行茎叶喷雾,可有效防除稗草、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等一年生杂草,药后40 d株防效89.7%~94.5%,鲜重防效92.4%~96.9%。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生杂草,且对水稻安全,杀草速度较快。展开更多
基金supported by the Yangtze project of German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)(No.FKZ 02WT1141)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘The anti-seasonal hydrology with 30 m water fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)of China attracts growing environmental and ecological concems.We investigated the biotransformation of the herbicide propanil in plants dominating in the littoral zone of the TGR by applying the 14C-ring-labeled herbicide into non-aseptic hydroponic plant systems(Cynodon dactylon,Nelumbo nucifera and Bidens pilosa),aseptic plants(Lemna minor and Lemna gibba)and cell suspension cultures(C.dactylon and L.minor).(1)Propanil absorbed in plants of the hydroponic systems was(12.46±1.63)%of applied radioactivity(AR)(C.clactylon),(52.36±6.38)%(N.nucifera)and(76.55±6.07)%(B.pilosa),respectively.The 14C-residues in the plant extractable fractions and the corresponding media were confirmed by radio-Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC),radio-High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry(GC-EIMS)as propanil,3,4-dichloroaniline(DCA)and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylamine(Glu-DCA).(2)About 8%of AR was taken up by both aseptic plants,from which 7.0%of AR was extracted and identified also as propanfl,DCA and Glu-DCA.(3)Concerning cell suspension cultures,(39.22±9.39)%of AR was absorbed by C.dactylon after 72 hr,whereas the accumulated 14C-propanil by L.minor cell suspension culture amounted to(65.04±1.72)%after 7 days.The identified compounds in cell cultures are consistent with those in the tested plants.Most of the pesticide residues in the intact plants were un-extractable,which are recognized as the end of the detoxificafion process.We therefore consider these plants as suitable for the phytoremediation of the herbicide propanil in the TGR region.
文摘采用田间小区试验方法,开展了46%敌稗·丁草胺·异[口恶]草松乳油(EC)对水稻直播田杂草防除效果及应用技术的试验。分别设置5个不同剂量处理组1380、1725、2070、3450 m L/hm^(2),以及空白对照组进行茎叶喷雾处理。结果表明,药后30 d,46%敌稗·丁草胺·异草松EC 1380~2070 m L/hm^(2)处理对杂草的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为989.47%~92.52%和92.51%~94.78%。建议46%敌稗·丁草胺·异[口恶]草松EC以推荐用量1380~2070 m L/hm^(2)于水稻2叶1心至3叶1心,稗草、千金子3叶1心之前施药,可有效控制杂草的发生,且对作物安全。
文摘为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油以有效成分用药量684.0~855.0 g a.i./hm^(2)进行茎叶喷雾,可有效防除稗草、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等一年生杂草,药后40 d株防效89.7%~94.5%,鲜重防效92.4%~96.9%。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生杂草,且对水稻安全,杀草速度较快。
