Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of ...Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of its value-added products and their profitability in the North-West Region remains underexplored. This study examined the profitability of maize value-added products in Mezam Division, with the objectives to: 1) identify various maize-based products, 2) assess the diversity of these products, 3) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of selected products, 4) examine the relationship between profitability and product diversity, and 5) identify key constraints impacting profitability. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were administered to 500 small-scale maize entrepreneurs randomly selected from five subdivisions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze objective 1 and 5, while the Shannon Diversity Index was employed to assess product diversity. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted on four selected products namely pap, parched corn, peeled parboiled corn, and corn beer, and a correlation analysis was used to examine objective 4. In total, 13 maize value-added products were identified, with a diversity index of 4.4. The total cost of processing the four selected products per entrepreneur using 18 kg of maize per product was FCFA 83631.5 (US $132.75), while the total revenue was FCFA 121864.5 (US $193.43), resulting in an economic profit of FCFA 38,233 (US $60.69). Pap emerged as the most profitable product, with an economic profit of FCFA 27,875 (US $44.24), while corn beer was the least profitable, with an economic profit of FCFA 2133.46 (US $3.39). The correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between product diversity and profitability (r = −0.91), indicating that entrepreneurs can maximize profitability by focusing on a few high-demand products like pap and parched corn. Key constraints to profitability included fluctuating market prices, high production costs, limited access to finance, and inadequate storage facilities. Despite these challenges, our findings indicate that maize value addition is profitable in Mezam Division. Entrepreneurs can leverage this data for informed decision-making and future investments. It is recommended that the government promote maize value addition and provide financial support for modern processing equipment to boost profitability and income generation.展开更多
This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings ...This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.展开更多
This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institu...This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institutional economics,it shows how the profit motive drives cost minimization,allocative efficiency,innovation,and consumer responsiveness.Profit expectations,formalized in endogenous growth models,act as catalysts for technological progress and dynamic efficiency,while agency-theoretic governance mechanisms align managerial incentives with shareholder interests.In contrast,government-owned enterprises operate under multi-objective welfare functions,often constrained by soft budget expectations,political interference,and X-inefficiencies that dilute efficiency.Charitable organizations,structured by the non-distribution constraint,emphasize social trust,equity,and mission fulfilment,supported by warm-glow altruism but constrained by free-rider problems and underfunding.A comparative evaluation suggests that profit-driven firms outperform in competitive markets producing private goods,whereas government and charitable forms play essential roles in addressing market failures and providing public or credence goods.The analysis affirms the institutionalist principle that ownership and governance structures must be aligned with the nature of the goods or services delivered.展开更多
Lianfa Textile(002394) was founded in 1955. After decades of hard work, it has gradually grown into a large-scale textile enterprise with operations ranging from cotton processing to garment production. Its business c...Lianfa Textile(002394) was founded in 1955. After decades of hard work, it has gradually grown into a large-scale textile enterprise with operations ranging from cotton processing to garment production. Its business covers cotton spinning, yarndyed weaving, printing and dyeing, home textiles, knitting, clothing, brands, trade, logistics and new energy, among others. The company's main products include six series: yarn, yarn-dyed fabrics, printed and dyed fabrics, home textile fabrics and clothing.展开更多
Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has ...Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has experienced explosive growth,which has spurred a surge in the construction of domestic charging infrastructure.Charging infrastructure not only supports achieving dual carbon goals and the development of the new energy vehicle industry but also undertakes the new historical mission of infrastructure in China’s new development stage,becoming a crucial infrastructure connecting energy decarbonization and transportation electrification[1].In recent years,central and local governments have placed great emphasis on this field.They have introduced policies from various angles,including comprehensive macro-level measures,government planning,financial subsidies,charging rates,industry management,and scientific and technological innovation,to promote the moderately advanced development of charging facilities.展开更多
The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. ...The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.展开更多
Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ...Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ratio （PR）, the profit is divided by the cost. The profit figure is changed depending on either internal risks or uncertainties occurring externally. More risks require higher response costs to them and uncontrollable uncertainties affect NPD projects either positively or negatively. In this study, a PR model is developed to predict the profitability of a project at a given time. The model minimizes the response cost computed under two extreme response strategies, such as ＂Avoid＂ and ＂Acceptance＂ for the internal threats. Also, the model reflects the sales volume changes due to external uncertainties. The linear programming （LP） method determines the optimal probability of the response strategy under three scenarios of defining the relationship between risk avoidance and risk acceptance. It can be utilized to make a GO/NOGO decision on the project based on the prediction results at any gate of the NPD process. The solving procedure is provided to apply the developed model for real cases.展开更多
By the end of 2013, Chinese large-scaled commercial banks have basically completed the construction of IT banking system, in order to provide technical guarantee of deepening business operation and operation managemen...By the end of 2013, Chinese large-scaled commercial banks have basically completed the construction of IT banking system, in order to provide technical guarantee of deepening business operation and operation management reform. This indicates that our national banking industry information technology has been in a new level. This paper, based on the operation principle of commercial bank safety, liquidity and profitability, makes research on improving commercial banking profit data timeliness, accuracy, integrity and realizing daily accounting profit. According to survey, the four big banks have proposed the prospect of 2013 full scope implementing daily accounting profit. Thus, this paper, based on the profit accounting status of four big banks of data center, analyzes the feasibility of daily accounting profit and puts forward the relevant solutions.展开更多
China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cu...China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.展开更多
The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, havi...The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, having initial stock and having stock-out cost. With the further analysis of the mode, VMI is found to increase profits of the buyer in the short-term motivation. But VMI will reduce profits of the supplier under the matching condition. And in the short-term motivation, VMI will increase the purchase price to compensate the transfer cost of the supplier. As a result, the foundation of theory is provided to implement VMI in the supply chain, and have some definituded project significance.展开更多
With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systema...With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systematic research on profit models for these projects is insufficient.This paper first analyzes the profit sources of interconnection projects.Based on the analysis results,profit models are considered under different regulatory systems for three types of crossborder interconnection projects:fully market-oriented,semi-marketization,and fully supervised.Finally,measures for increasing the profitability and sustainable development of power interconnection projects are proposed.展开更多
Pit limit design has,up to date,focused mainly on maximization of economic profit alone,with environmental and social issues largely ignored.This paper focuses on incorporating both environmental and social issues in ...Pit limit design has,up to date,focused mainly on maximization of economic profit alone,with environmental and social issues largely ignored.This paper focuses on incorporating both environmental and social issues in the pit limit design process and provides an approach to pit limit optimization that is in compliance with sustainable development.The case study demonstrates that ecological costs have a substantial down-sizing effect and social benefits have a substantial up-sizing effect on the optimal pit limit.When the ecological costs are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 37.5%smaller than the economically optimal pit limit.However,when the social benefits are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 48.3%larger than the economically optimal one.The overall optimal pit limit,with the economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits simultaneously considered,is a result of balancing conflicting goals of maximizing economic profit,minimizing ecological cost,and maximizing social benefit.展开更多
Notwithstanding the emergence of FinTech startups in the financial services industry,most of these companies face significant difficulties in breaking even and surviving.This study examines the main managerial, instit...Notwithstanding the emergence of FinTech startups in the financial services industry,most of these companies face significant difficulties in breaking even and surviving.This study examines the main managerial, institutional, and financial drivers of FinTechprofitability and the time it takes for these firms to break even. The database includesrelevant qualitative factors, such as foundational characteristics, the technologicalprofile of the startup, and its funding structure. Using the full population of FinTechstartups operating in Spain from 2005 to 2017, we observe that most of these firms areunprofitable within three years of their inception. Combining panel data and survivalanalyses, we empirically find that large and solvent FinTech firms founded by singleentrepreneurs in an incubator or accelerator program are more likely to be profitableand prevail. FinTech firms reach their break-even points faster if they receive fundingthrough seed capital.展开更多
To develop characteristic and profitable agriculture was proposed in the 4th congress of party representatives in Chongqing, based on Chongqing practical development in major cities, rural regions, mountain regions, a...To develop characteristic and profitable agriculture was proposed in the 4th congress of party representatives in Chongqing, based on Chongqing practical development in major cities, rural regions, mountain regions, and poverty-stricken areas. It would be effective for sustainable development and farmers’ income improvement. However, some existing problems should be well considered, including special geographical locations, unsatisfied application of science and technology in agriculture, loss of young labors and aging issues. In the research, the existing problems in developing characteristic and profitable agriculture were analyzed and the corresponding strategies were proposed as well.展开更多
The purpose of the research was to compare the profitability of existing land uses in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi province, Indonesia, for formulating a strategy to reduce emissions from deforestation and de-gradation...The purpose of the research was to compare the profitability of existing land uses in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi province, Indonesia, for formulating a strategy to reduce emissions from deforestation and de-gradation (REDD). Net Present Value was used for comparing profits of different types of investment (e.g. different type of land use). Rapid Rural Appraisal was used to gather information on farm budget data for each land use, including prices, production, labor and other input. The results of the profitability analysis showed that all land uses, both on mineral soil and peat land, were profitable. Oil palm, both in large plantations and smallholder gardens, was the most profitable land-use system. However, the profitability of smallholder oil palm on peatland was lower than on mineral soils yet oil palm was still more competitive than rubber on mineral soils. The competitiveness of mixed gardens with oil palm was higher on peatland and the threat of converting other land uses to oil palm was higher on mineral soil than on peat. For crop systems, irrigated paddy had the highest profitability.展开更多
In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture （CA） base...In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture （CA） based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage （ZT）, raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice （DSR） have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009-2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice （CT-TPR） required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice （ZT-DSR） consumed 6%-10%less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%-24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CT-TPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation （〉 0.25 mm） were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.展开更多
In this paper, we study availability and profit optimization of a series-parallel system consisting of three subsystems A, B and C in which A and B are cold standby. Subsystem A consists of linear consecutive k-out-of...In this paper, we study availability and profit optimization of a series-parallel system consisting of three subsystems A, B and C in which A and B are cold standby. Subsystem A consists of linear consecutive k-out-of-n units while subsystems B and C consist of a single unit each. The system works if any of A or B and C work. The objective of this study is to maximize the steady-state availability and profit. To solve the optimization problem, different numbers of units for n = 2, 3, 4, 5 in subsystem A are considered. Explicit expressions for busy period of repairmen, steady-state availability and profit function are derived using linear first order differential equations. Several cases are analyzed graphically for n = 2, 3, 4, 5 to investigate the effects of various system parameters on availability and profit. The paper also presents graphical comparison for specific values of system parameters and finds that the optimal system configuration is when n = 5.展开更多
文摘Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of its value-added products and their profitability in the North-West Region remains underexplored. This study examined the profitability of maize value-added products in Mezam Division, with the objectives to: 1) identify various maize-based products, 2) assess the diversity of these products, 3) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of selected products, 4) examine the relationship between profitability and product diversity, and 5) identify key constraints impacting profitability. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were administered to 500 small-scale maize entrepreneurs randomly selected from five subdivisions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze objective 1 and 5, while the Shannon Diversity Index was employed to assess product diversity. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted on four selected products namely pap, parched corn, peeled parboiled corn, and corn beer, and a correlation analysis was used to examine objective 4. In total, 13 maize value-added products were identified, with a diversity index of 4.4. The total cost of processing the four selected products per entrepreneur using 18 kg of maize per product was FCFA 83631.5 (US $132.75), while the total revenue was FCFA 121864.5 (US $193.43), resulting in an economic profit of FCFA 38,233 (US $60.69). Pap emerged as the most profitable product, with an economic profit of FCFA 27,875 (US $44.24), while corn beer was the least profitable, with an economic profit of FCFA 2133.46 (US $3.39). The correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between product diversity and profitability (r = −0.91), indicating that entrepreneurs can maximize profitability by focusing on a few high-demand products like pap and parched corn. Key constraints to profitability included fluctuating market prices, high production costs, limited access to finance, and inadequate storage facilities. Despite these challenges, our findings indicate that maize value addition is profitable in Mezam Division. Entrepreneurs can leverage this data for informed decision-making and future investments. It is recommended that the government promote maize value addition and provide financial support for modern processing equipment to boost profitability and income generation.
文摘This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.
文摘This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institutional economics,it shows how the profit motive drives cost minimization,allocative efficiency,innovation,and consumer responsiveness.Profit expectations,formalized in endogenous growth models,act as catalysts for technological progress and dynamic efficiency,while agency-theoretic governance mechanisms align managerial incentives with shareholder interests.In contrast,government-owned enterprises operate under multi-objective welfare functions,often constrained by soft budget expectations,political interference,and X-inefficiencies that dilute efficiency.Charitable organizations,structured by the non-distribution constraint,emphasize social trust,equity,and mission fulfilment,supported by warm-glow altruism but constrained by free-rider problems and underfunding.A comparative evaluation suggests that profit-driven firms outperform in competitive markets producing private goods,whereas government and charitable forms play essential roles in addressing market failures and providing public or credence goods.The analysis affirms the institutionalist principle that ownership and governance structures must be aligned with the nature of the goods or services delivered.
文摘Lianfa Textile(002394) was founded in 1955. After decades of hard work, it has gradually grown into a large-scale textile enterprise with operations ranging from cotton processing to garment production. Its business covers cotton spinning, yarndyed weaving, printing and dyeing, home textiles, knitting, clothing, brands, trade, logistics and new energy, among others. The company's main products include six series: yarn, yarn-dyed fabrics, printed and dyed fabrics, home textile fabrics and clothing.
文摘Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has experienced explosive growth,which has spurred a surge in the construction of domestic charging infrastructure.Charging infrastructure not only supports achieving dual carbon goals and the development of the new energy vehicle industry but also undertakes the new historical mission of infrastructure in China’s new development stage,becoming a crucial infrastructure connecting energy decarbonization and transportation electrification[1].In recent years,central and local governments have placed great emphasis on this field.They have introduced policies from various angles,including comprehensive macro-level measures,government planning,financial subsidies,charging rates,industry management,and scientific and technological innovation,to promote the moderately advanced development of charging facilities.
基金Supported by S&T Development Strategy Program of Tianjin(15ZLZLZF00210)S&T Development Strategy Program of Tianjin(15ZLZLZF00390)~~
文摘The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.
文摘Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ratio （PR）, the profit is divided by the cost. The profit figure is changed depending on either internal risks or uncertainties occurring externally. More risks require higher response costs to them and uncontrollable uncertainties affect NPD projects either positively or negatively. In this study, a PR model is developed to predict the profitability of a project at a given time. The model minimizes the response cost computed under two extreme response strategies, such as ＂Avoid＂ and ＂Acceptance＂ for the internal threats. Also, the model reflects the sales volume changes due to external uncertainties. The linear programming （LP） method determines the optimal probability of the response strategy under three scenarios of defining the relationship between risk avoidance and risk acceptance. It can be utilized to make a GO/NOGO decision on the project based on the prediction results at any gate of the NPD process. The solving procedure is provided to apply the developed model for real cases.
文摘By the end of 2013, Chinese large-scaled commercial banks have basically completed the construction of IT banking system, in order to provide technical guarantee of deepening business operation and operation management reform. This indicates that our national banking industry information technology has been in a new level. This paper, based on the operation principle of commercial bank safety, liquidity and profitability, makes research on improving commercial banking profit data timeliness, accuracy, integrity and realizing daily accounting profit. According to survey, the four big banks have proposed the prospect of 2013 full scope implementing daily accounting profit. Thus, this paper, based on the profit accounting status of four big banks of data center, analyzes the feasibility of daily accounting profit and puts forward the relevant solutions.
基金supported by the Special Funding for Modern Agricultural Technical System of China (Rapeseed)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071372)
文摘China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.
文摘The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, having initial stock and having stock-out cost. With the further analysis of the mode, VMI is found to increase profits of the buyer in the short-term motivation. But VMI will reduce profits of the supplier under the matching condition. And in the short-term motivation, VMI will increase the purchase price to compensate the transfer cost of the supplier. As a result, the foundation of theory is provided to implement VMI in the supply chain, and have some definituded project significance.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China’s Science & Technology Project “Risk Identification and Countermeasures of SGCC in the Transition Period of Power Sector Reform.”
文摘With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systematic research on profit models for these projects is insufficient.This paper first analyzes the profit sources of interconnection projects.Based on the analysis results,profit models are considered under different regulatory systems for three types of crossborder interconnection projects:fully market-oriented,semi-marketization,and fully supervised.Finally,measures for increasing the profitability and sustainable development of power interconnection projects are proposed.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074061,51974060,U1903216)Northeastern University Doctoral Basal Research Fund,China(No.N2001006).
文摘Pit limit design has,up to date,focused mainly on maximization of economic profit alone,with environmental and social issues largely ignored.This paper focuses on incorporating both environmental and social issues in the pit limit design process and provides an approach to pit limit optimization that is in compliance with sustainable development.The case study demonstrates that ecological costs have a substantial down-sizing effect and social benefits have a substantial up-sizing effect on the optimal pit limit.When the ecological costs are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 37.5%smaller than the economically optimal pit limit.However,when the social benefits are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 48.3%larger than the economically optimal one.The overall optimal pit limit,with the economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits simultaneously considered,is a result of balancing conflicting goals of maximizing economic profit,minimizing ecological cost,and maximizing social benefit.
基金support from the FUNCAS Foundation,PGC2018–099415–B–100 MICINN/FEDER/UE,and Junta de Andalucía P18-RT-3571 Project。
文摘Notwithstanding the emergence of FinTech startups in the financial services industry,most of these companies face significant difficulties in breaking even and surviving.This study examines the main managerial, institutional, and financial drivers of FinTechprofitability and the time it takes for these firms to break even. The database includesrelevant qualitative factors, such as foundational characteristics, the technologicalprofile of the startup, and its funding structure. Using the full population of FinTechstartups operating in Spain from 2005 to 2017, we observe that most of these firms areunprofitable within three years of their inception. Combining panel data and survivalanalyses, we empirically find that large and solvent FinTech firms founded by singleentrepreneurs in an incubator or accelerator program are more likely to be profitableand prevail. FinTech firms reach their break-even points faster if they receive fundingthrough seed capital.
基金Supported by National Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology System(CARS-09)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(csct2012jjA80042)+1 种基金Highly-efficient Production Technology Research and Demonstration in Rice Field-upland Field Rotation at Scale(201303129)Integration and Demonstration of Cultivation and Supporting Technology of Rare Black Soybeans or Mung Beans(YCSTC,2012AC1006)~~
文摘To develop characteristic and profitable agriculture was proposed in the 4th congress of party representatives in Chongqing, based on Chongqing practical development in major cities, rural regions, mountain regions, and poverty-stricken areas. It would be effective for sustainable development and farmers’ income improvement. However, some existing problems should be well considered, including special geographical locations, unsatisfied application of science and technology in agriculture, loss of young labors and aging issues. In the research, the existing problems in developing characteristic and profitable agriculture were analyzed and the corresponding strategies were proposed as well.
文摘The purpose of the research was to compare the profitability of existing land uses in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi province, Indonesia, for formulating a strategy to reduce emissions from deforestation and de-gradation (REDD). Net Present Value was used for comparing profits of different types of investment (e.g. different type of land use). Rapid Rural Appraisal was used to gather information on farm budget data for each land use, including prices, production, labor and other input. The results of the profitability analysis showed that all land uses, both on mineral soil and peat land, were profitable. Oil palm, both in large plantations and smallholder gardens, was the most profitable land-use system. However, the profitability of smallholder oil palm on peatland was lower than on mineral soils yet oil palm was still more competitive than rubber on mineral soils. The competitiveness of mixed gardens with oil palm was higher on peatland and the threat of converting other land uses to oil palm was higher on mineral soil than on peat. For crop systems, irrigated paddy had the highest profitability.
基金the project ‘Resource Conservation Technologies for Sustainable Development of Agriculture’
文摘In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture （CA） based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage （ZT）, raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice （DSR） have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009-2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice （CT-TPR） required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice （ZT-DSR） consumed 6%-10%less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%-24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CT-TPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation （〉 0.25 mm） were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.
文摘In this paper, we study availability and profit optimization of a series-parallel system consisting of three subsystems A, B and C in which A and B are cold standby. Subsystem A consists of linear consecutive k-out-of-n units while subsystems B and C consist of a single unit each. The system works if any of A or B and C work. The objective of this study is to maximize the steady-state availability and profit. To solve the optimization problem, different numbers of units for n = 2, 3, 4, 5 in subsystem A are considered. Explicit expressions for busy period of repairmen, steady-state availability and profit function are derived using linear first order differential equations. Several cases are analyzed graphically for n = 2, 3, 4, 5 to investigate the effects of various system parameters on availability and profit. The paper also presents graphical comparison for specific values of system parameters and finds that the optimal system configuration is when n = 5.
