Background:In this study,we aimed to validate and test the reliability of the Yonsei lifestyle profile(YLP)in assessing multifaceted health lifestyle levels in a study population from the United States.Methods:The YLP...Background:In this study,we aimed to validate and test the reliability of the Yonsei lifestyle profile(YLP)in assessing multifaceted health lifestyle levels in a study population from the United States.Methods:The YLP-English version and health-promoting lifestyle profile II were administered to 100 individuals living in the United States.Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient,and discriminant validity was examined by comparing sex and age differences through t-tests and multiple variance analysis.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach'sαfor each sub-factor.Results:The YLP-English Version demonstrated concurrent validity with the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II,showing consistent correlations for the total score(0.3,p<0.01)and frequency sub-factors(0.25-0.69,p<0.01).Among the satisfaction sub-factors,only nutrition showed a weak negative correlation(-0.19,p<0.01);all others were nonsignificant.Discriminant validity revealed no significant sex differences,but physical activity frequency varied across age groups.Internal consistency was high(Cronbach'sα=0.80-0.86).Conclusion:In this study,we validated the YLP-English version as a reliable instrument for assessing health-related lifestyle behaviors.The YLP uniquely captures both lifestyle frequency and satisfaction,offering a comprehensive perspective on health behaviors.Although this tool is currently most applicable in population-level studies,future research should establish clinical thresholds to enhance its utility in individualized health assessments and interventions.展开更多
A segmented predictor-corrector method is proposed for hypersonic glide vehicles to address the issue of the slow computational speed of obtaining guidance commands using the traditional predictor-corrector guidance m...A segmented predictor-corrector method is proposed for hypersonic glide vehicles to address the issue of the slow computational speed of obtaining guidance commands using the traditional predictor-corrector guidance method.Firstly,an altitude-energy profile is designed,and the bank angle is derived analytically as the initial iteration value for the predictor-corrector method.The predictor-corrector guidance method has been improved by deriving an analytical form for predicting the range-to-go error,which greatly accelerates the iterative speed.Then,a segmented guidance algorithm is proposed.The above analytically predictor-corrector guidance method is adopted when the energy exceeds an energy threshold.When the energy is less than the threshold,the equidistant test method is used to calculate the bank angle command,which ensures guidance accuracy as well as computational efficiency.Additionally,an adaptive guidance cycle strategy is applied to reduce the computational time of the reentry guidance trajectory.Finally,the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are verified through a series of simulations and Monte-Carlo experiments.Compared with the traditional integral method,the proposed method requires 75%less computation time on average and achieves a lower landing error.展开更多
The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficien...The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of the component.Blank design is the key part of plastic forming process design.For spinning-rolling process,the shape and size of the blank play a crucial role in process stability,deformation behavior and dimensional accuracy.So this work proposes a blank design method to determine the geometry structure and sizes of the blank.The mathematical model for calculating the blank size has been deduced based on volume conservation and neutral layer length invariance principle.The FE simulation and corresponding trial production of an actual big-tapered profiled ring disk show that the proposed blank design method is applicative.In order to obtain a preferred blank,the influence rules of blank size determined by different deformation degrees(rolling ratio k)on the spinning-rolling process are revealed by comprehensive FE simulations.Overall considering the process stability,circularity of the deformed ring disk and forming forces,a reasonable range of deformation degree(rolling ratio k)is recommended for the blank design of the new spinning-rolling process.展开更多
BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterolo...BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterological questionnaire(PGQ)to assess the psycho-gastroenterological profile and social characteristics of a pediatric population with and without DGBI.METHODS One hundred and nineteen Italian children(age 11-18)were included:28 outpatient patients with DGBI(Rome IV criteria)and 91 healthy controls.They filled the PGQ,faces pain scale revised(FPS-R),Bristol stool chart,ga-strointestinal symptoms rating scale,state-trait anxiety inventory,Toronto alexithymia scale 20,perceived self-efficacy in the management of negative emotions and expression of positive emotions(APEN-G,APEP-G),irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life questionnaire,school performances,tobacco use,early life events,degree of digital-ization.RESULTS Compared to controls,patients had more medical examinations(35%of them went to the doctor more than five times),a higher school performance(23%vs 13%,P<0.05),didn’t use tobacco(never vs 16%,P<0.05),had early life events(28%vs 1%P<0.05)and a higher percentage of pain classified as 4 in the FPS-R during the examination(14%vs 7%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pediatric outpatients with DGBI had a higher prevalence of early life events,a lower quality of life,more medical examinations rising health care costs,lower anxiety levels.展开更多
Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformat...Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformation and sediments aggradation has been less studied. This constrain studies of sediment distribution and understanding of graded profile. For lake basin sequences, geomorphological control is much stronger than lake level rise and fall. Under extreme conditions, sediments can still prograde when the lake level rises. Therefore, describing the influence of geomorphology on the flow transformation and stacking pattern of the lobes can provide a deeper understanding of the controlling factors of the lake basin stratigraphy sequence. Xiligou lake (XLG) fan delta from Xisai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Three lobes developed on the XLG fan delta with significant differences in their morphologies, architectures, lithofacies, sediment distributions and topographies. Through trenching, drone photography, and satellite data, we analyzed the structure of the sediments and the distribution of sedimentary facies. Based on the analysis of debris flow and hyper-concentrated flow deposits, two transformation models corresponding to different topographies were established. Sediment unloading is caused by a frictional reduction or a sudden momentum loss in the sediments flow's carrying capacity, allowing the debris flow transforms to hyper-concentrated flow and then to stream flow during the movement. The role of topography in controlling sediment flow transformation and sediment distribution is clarified through forces analysis of sediment grain. The topographic gradient of the linear slope is constant, so the direction of fluid movement is consistent with the topographic direction. Therefore, sediment flows move on linear slope without collision with the bed and there is no sudden loss of momentum. The gradual or sudden reduction in topographic gradient of concave slopes forces a constant or sudden change in the direction of fluid movement, which facilitates the unloading of sediments and the transformation of flow. The sudden change of topography forces unloading of viscous component, and the non-viscous component pass over to form hyper-concentrated flow, often accompanied by remobilized large gravels. The graded profile was an equilibrium between the dynamics and resistance of sediment transport. Changes in lake level affect the graded profile by changing the elevation of sediment transport, which is the total gravitational potential energy. The instantaneous graded profile and temporary graded profile are different scales of equilibrium corresponding to hydrodynamic equilibrium and depositional trend respectively. This study reveals the role of geomorphological dynamics in controlling sedimentary body progradation, thus providing a new perspective on the analysis of lake basin stratigraphy sequence.展开更多
This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data a...This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data and historical academic performance)with dynamic behavioral patterns(e.g.,real-time interactions and evolving interests over time).The research employs Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)for semantic feature extraction,integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)for feature weighting,and introduces a time decay function inspired by Newton’s law of cooling to dynamically model changes in learners’interests.Empirical results demonstrate that this framework effectively captures the dynamic evolution of learners’behaviors and provides context-aware learning resource recommendations.The study introduces a novel paradigm for learner modeling in educational technology,combining methodological innovation with a scalable technical architecture,thereby laying a foundation for the development of adaptive learning systems.展开更多
The traditional orbit determination method based on pulsar profile distortion can determine the six elements of the orbit.However,the estimation accuracies of these methods are limited and the computational load of a ...The traditional orbit determination method based on pulsar profile distortion can determine the six elements of the orbit.However,the estimation accuracies of these methods are limited and the computational load of a six-dimensional search is huge.To solve this problem,the differential-geometry-based Multi-dimensional Joint Position-Velocity Estimation(MJPVE)using Crab pulsar profile distortion is proposed in this paper.Firstly,through theoretical analysis,it is found that the pulsar profile distortion caused by the initial state error in some joint positionvelocity directions is very small.In other words,the accuracies of estimation in these directions are very low.Namely,the search dimension can be reduced,which in turn greatly reduces the computational load.Then,we construct the chi-squared function of the pulsar profile with respect to the estimation error in joint position-velocity direction and use differential geometry to find the joint position-velocity directions corresponding to different degrees of distortion.Finally,we utilize the grid search based on directory folding in these joint position-velocity directions corresponding to large degrees of distortion to obtain the joint position-velocity estimation.The experimental results show that compared with the grouping bi-chi-squared inversion method,MJPVE has high precision and extensive navigation information.展开更多
This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal h...This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
Objectives:Attachment is a profound and enduring connection to the emotion children progressively form with their parents as they mature.It significantly impacts the social and psychological development of kids and te...Objectives:Attachment is a profound and enduring connection to the emotion children progressively form with their parents as they mature.It significantly impacts the social and psychological development of kids and teenagers.This study aimed to explore the latent profiles and longitudinal transition patterns of parent-child and peer attachments among adolescents.Methods:A cohort of 914 participants from China completed the measures with a twelve-month interval.There were 46.8%boys and 53.2%girls in this survey.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was adopted to explore the distinct profiles reflecting different parent-child and peer attachment response patterns at each time point.Latent transition analysis(LTA)was used to examine the membership of distinct latent profiles and how individuals move between profiles over time.Results:Three latent profiles were found:the poor parent-child communication profile,the moderate attachment profile,and the good attachment profile.It was shown that the transition probability from the poor parent-child communication and good attachment profiles to the moderate attachment profile was higher than the transition probability between the poor parent-child communication and good attachment profiles.Patterns of parent-child and peer attachments were associated with depression and anxiety.Conclusion:This study demonstrates differences in adolescents’attachment to fathers,mothers,and peers and the need for targeted interventions for groups of adolescents with moderate levels of parent-child and peer attachment.展开更多
Objectives:Adolescents’aggression is widely studied,the underlying heterogeneity of aggression among rural Chinese boarding students remains unexplored.This study investigates the latent profiles of Chinese rural boa...Objectives:Adolescents’aggression is widely studied,the underlying heterogeneity of aggression among rural Chinese boarding students remains unexplored.This study investigates the latent profiles of Chinese rural boarding junior high school students’aggression and its correlations with moral disengagement and preference for solitude.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 04–22 April 2022,using a convenient sampling method among 516 junior high school students from six Chinese rural boarding schools.The survey included the Aggression Questionnaire,the Moral Disengagement Scale(MDS),and the Preference for Solitude Scale(PSS).Results:Participants were divided into three latent profiles:low(36.0%),medium(50.9%),and high aggression levels(13.1%).Compared with low aggression,students who felt left-behind(minors who stay in the rural areas while one or both parents migrated to the urban areas for the work)accounted for a larger proportion in the medium aggression profile.The higher the grade level and the lower the educational level of the students’parents,the greater proportion of students in the medium and high aggression profiles.Additionally,students with high moral disengagement and preference for solitude showed a significant association with the medium aggression and high aggression profiles.Conclusions:The results demonstrate the significant group heterogeneity of aggression groups in Chinese rural boarding junior high school students.Targeted prevention and intervention measures can be carried out according to feeling left-behind,grade level,parents’education,and MDS and PSS scores.展开更多
Arrival headway,the minimum time interval between two trains that consecutively stop in the same railway yard,significantly influences overall railway capacity and becomes a bottleneck in large high-speed railway yard...Arrival headway,the minimum time interval between two trains that consecutively stop in the same railway yard,significantly influences overall railway capacity and becomes a bottleneck in large high-speed railway yards.This occurs because the leading train slows considerably along the long receiving route to the yard;while,the following train continues at top speed,creating a substantial spatial and temporal interval between them.This paper proposes a speed profile intervention(SPI)approach to reduce arrival headway.By setting appropriate speed limits in specific block sections for each train,the following train decelerates in advance,thereby shortening the interval with its predecessor.We first study the impact of speed values and locations on arrival headway theoretically,then validate our findings through a multi-agent simulation approach to quantitatively investigate the relationship between headway and SPI parameters.Simulation experiments using real-world data from the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway demonstrate that the SPI approach can significantly reduce arrival headway without any infrastructure modifications.To mitigate potential side effects on travel time associated with this approach,we perform an analysis that involves setting appropriate speed limit values and selecting strategic locations for their implementation.展开更多
Background:This study addresses the pressing need to understand the nuanced relationship between‘mattering’—the perception of being significant to others—and problematic internet use(PIU)among university students....Background:This study addresses the pressing need to understand the nuanced relationship between‘mattering’—the perception of being significant to others—and problematic internet use(PIU)among university students.Unlike previous research that has primarily employed variable-centered approaches,this study first adopts a person-centered approach using Latent Profile Analysis(LPA)to identify distinct mattering profiles.Subsequently,through variable-centered analyses,these profiles are examined in relation to different types of PIU—specifically problematic social media use(PSMU)and problematic gaming(PG)—as well as adaptability.Methods:Data were collected from 3587 university students across 19 universities in China.Participants completed three mattering-related scales(General Mattering Scale,Anti-Mattering Scale,and Fear of Not Mattering Inventory),along with the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale,the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form,and the Nine-item Adaptability Scale.Results:A four-class model identified by LPA was optimally selected:Class 1(high general mattering,low anti-mattering,low fear of not mattering),Class 2(moderate levels),Class 3(moderate general mattering,high antimattering,high fear of not mattering),and Class 4(low general mattering,low fear of not mattering,moderate anti-mattering).Significant differences were found among these classes in both PIU types(PSMU:F=139.66,p<0.001;PG:F=162.96,p<0.001).The pattern of mean differences consistently showed:Class 3>Class 2>Class 4>Class 1.Class 3 participants demonstrated the highest likelihood of meeting the addiction criteria,Class 2 showed moderate probability,while Classes 1 and 4 exhibited lower probabilities(χ^(2)=113.38 to 408.87,all p<0.001).Additionally,Class 3 reported the lowest adaptability(F=131.67,p<0.001).Conclusion:This study reveals that the unique influence of three ways of assessing feelings of mattering and the fear of not mattering on university students’PIU at the personal level,concluding that these factors are integral to understanding PIU among this demographic.展开更多
Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly re-duces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.However,the current approaches ofte...Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly re-duces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.However,the current approaches often rely on limited data sources and simplistic hypotheses,which restrict their ability to capture the multi-faceted nature of biological systems.This study introduces adaptive multi-view learning(AMVL),a novel methodology that integrates chemical-induced transcriptional profiles(CTPs),knowledge graph(KG)embeddings,and large language model(LLM)representations,to enhance drug repurposing predictions.AMVL incorporates an innovative similarity matrix expansion strategy and leverages multi-view learning(MVL),matrix factorization,and ensemble optimization techniques to integrate heterogeneous multi-source data.Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets(Fdata-set,Cdataset,and Ydataset)and the large-scale iDrug dataset demonstrate that AMVL outperforms state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,achieving superior accuracy in predicting drug-disease associations across multiple metrics.Literature-based validation further confirmed the model's predictive capabilities,with seven out of the top ten predictions corroborated by post-2011 evidence.To promote transparency and reproducibility,all data and codes used in this study were open-sourced,providing resources for pro-cessing CTPs,KG,and LLM-based similarity calculations,along with the complete AMVL algorithm and benchmarking procedures.By unifying diverse data modalities,AMVL offers a robust and scalable so-lution for accelerating drug discovery,fostering advancements in translational medicine and integrating multi-omics data.We aim to inspire further innovations in multi-source data integration and support the development of more precise and efficient strategies for advancing drug discovery and translational medicine.展开更多
How the strong segmentation of cascade reservoir dams and the spatiotemporal changes of sediment retention volume affect the river morphology adjustment in the reservoir area is a scientific issue worthy of exploratio...How the strong segmentation of cascade reservoir dams and the spatiotemporal changes of sediment retention volume affect the river morphology adjustment in the reservoir area is a scientific issue worthy of exploration.This study aims to reveal the adjustment mechanism of the thalweg longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs.This study focuses on the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs located in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.Utilizing multi-period observational data of thalweg elevation in reservoir reaches both before and after dam construction,the research employs statistical,geomorphological,and sedimentological methodologies to analyze variation characteristics in the measured curves,trend curves,and theoretical fitting curves of the thalweg longitudinal profile.The investigation ultimately reveals two distinct adjustment patterns in the longitudinal profiles of these cascade reservoirs:the concave curve type and the convex curve type.The former is characterized by weak riverbed scouring and silting changed to rapid aggradation in the upstream section of the reservoir area after dam closure,then changed to slow aggradation in the whole reservoir area,which is the common feature of reservoirs that were built earlier and are relatively located in the downstream(such as the Xiangjiaba Reservoir).The latter is characterized by a straight line or concave curve type with weak riverbed scouring and silting before the dam closure changed to a convex curve type with strong siltation after dam closure,which is the characteristic of reservoirs that were built later and are relatively located in the upstream(such as the Xiluodu Reservoir).The adjustment of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile is controlled by the spatiotemporal changes of the sediment deposition volume and sedimentation rate in the reservoir area,and the alternating changes of the hydrodynamic gradient and regulation mode affect the spatial heterogeneity of the sedimentation rate.The research results are helpful for understanding the adjustment mechanism of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile in similar areas and have a guiding role in predicting the adjustment trend of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile without observation data.展开更多
Substantial effects of photochemical reaction losses of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on factor profiles can be investigated by comparing the differences between daytime and nighttime dispersion-normalized VOC data ...Substantial effects of photochemical reaction losses of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on factor profiles can be investigated by comparing the differences between daytime and nighttime dispersion-normalized VOC data resolved profiles.Hourly speciated VOC data measured in Shijiazhuang,China from May to September 2021 were used to conduct study.The mean VOC concentration in the daytime and at nighttime were 32.8 and 36.0 ppbv,respectively.Alkanes and aromatics concentrations in the daytime(12.9 and 3.08 ppbv)were lower than nighttime(15.5 and 3.63 ppbv),whereas that of alkenes showed the opposite tendency.The concentration differences between daytime and nighttime for alkynes and halogenated hydrocarbonswere uniformly small.The reactivities of the dominant species in factor profiles for gasoline emissions,natural gas and diesel vehicles,and liquefied petroleum gas were relatively low and their profiles were less affected by photochemical losses.Photochemical losses produced a substantial impact on the profiles of solvent use,petrochemical industry emissions,combustion sources,and biogenic emissions where the dominant species in these factor profiles had high reactivities.Although the profile of biogenic emissions was substantially affected by photochemical loss of isoprene,the low emissions at nighttime also had an important impact on its profile.Chemical losses of highly active VOC species substantially reduced their concentrations in apportioned factor profiles.This study results were consistent with the analytical results obtained through initial concentration estimation,suggesting that the initial concentration estimation could be the most effective currently availablemethod for the source analyses of active VOCs although with uncertainty.展开更多
Objectives:The study aimed to explore social alienation types in patients with inflammatorybowel diseases(IBD)and identify influencingfactors.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling a...Objectives:The study aimed to explore social alienation types in patients with inflammatorybowel diseases(IBD)and identify influencingfactors.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling among patients with IBD from July 2022 to July 2023.Patients were assessed using the Generalized Social Alienation Scale(GSAS),the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(B-IPQ),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ).Demographic and disease-related characteristics were also collected.Latent profileanalysis(LPA)was used to identify potential subgroups of social alienation.Univariate analysis and multicollinearity analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors,followed by multiple regression analysis to evaluate the effect of influencingfactors on social alienation.Results:Three distinct profilesof social alienation were identified:integrated-low alienation group(n=61,20.20%),accommodative-moderate alienation group(n=195,64.57%),and maladaptive-high alienation group(n=46,15.23%).Seven characteristics were associated with the profile’smembership:self-perceived financialstress,malnutrition risk,disease duration,illness comprehensibility,anxiety,depression,and acceptance-resignation coping mode.Conclusions:Patients with IBD were categorized into three subgroups based on social alienation levels.Financial stress,malnutrition risk,disease duration,illness comprehensibility,anxiety,depression,and acceptance-resignation coping mode were key predictors of the subgroup membership.Targeted interventions should be developed to mitigate the negative effects of social alienation,with a focus on improving illness perception,alleviating anxiety and depression,and promoting effective coping strategies.展开更多
Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predomina...Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.展开更多
Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametr...Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametric bank angle profiles in Mars atmospheric entry missions.The methodology includes a universal approach to handling path constraints and a reliable solution method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm.For illustrative purposes,a mission with the objective of maximizing terminal altitude is considered.The original entry optimization problem is converted into optimizing three coefficients for the bank angle profiles with terminal constraints by formulating a parametric Mars entry bank angle profile and constraint handling methods.The parameter optimization problem is addressed using the PSO algorithm,with reliability enhanced by increasing the PSO swarm size.To improve computational efficiency,an enhanced Deep Operator Network(Deep ONet)is used as a dynamics solver to predict terminal states under various bank angle profiles rapidly.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology ensures reliable convergence with a sufficiently large PSO swarm while maintaining high computational efficiency facilitated by the neural-network-based dynamics solver.Compared to the existing methodologies,this methodology offers a streamlined process,the reduced sensitivity to initial guesses,and the improved computational efficiency.展开更多
The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the ma...The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea(NRF-2021S1A3A2A02096338).
文摘Background:In this study,we aimed to validate and test the reliability of the Yonsei lifestyle profile(YLP)in assessing multifaceted health lifestyle levels in a study population from the United States.Methods:The YLP-English version and health-promoting lifestyle profile II were administered to 100 individuals living in the United States.Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient,and discriminant validity was examined by comparing sex and age differences through t-tests and multiple variance analysis.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach'sαfor each sub-factor.Results:The YLP-English Version demonstrated concurrent validity with the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II,showing consistent correlations for the total score(0.3,p<0.01)and frequency sub-factors(0.25-0.69,p<0.01).Among the satisfaction sub-factors,only nutrition showed a weak negative correlation(-0.19,p<0.01);all others were nonsignificant.Discriminant validity revealed no significant sex differences,but physical activity frequency varied across age groups.Internal consistency was high(Cronbach'sα=0.80-0.86).Conclusion:In this study,we validated the YLP-English version as a reliable instrument for assessing health-related lifestyle behaviors.The YLP uniquely captures both lifestyle frequency and satisfaction,offering a comprehensive perspective on health behaviors.Although this tool is currently most applicable in population-level studies,future research should establish clinical thresholds to enhance its utility in individualized health assessments and interventions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61773387 and 62022061).
文摘A segmented predictor-corrector method is proposed for hypersonic glide vehicles to address the issue of the slow computational speed of obtaining guidance commands using the traditional predictor-corrector guidance method.Firstly,an altitude-energy profile is designed,and the bank angle is derived analytically as the initial iteration value for the predictor-corrector method.The predictor-corrector guidance method has been improved by deriving an analytical form for predicting the range-to-go error,which greatly accelerates the iterative speed.Then,a segmented guidance algorithm is proposed.The above analytically predictor-corrector guidance method is adopted when the energy exceeds an energy threshold.When the energy is less than the threshold,the equidistant test method is used to calculate the bank angle command,which ensures guidance accuracy as well as computational efficiency.Additionally,an adaptive guidance cycle strategy is applied to reduce the computational time of the reentry guidance trajectory.Finally,the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are verified through a series of simulations and Monte-Carlo experiments.Compared with the traditional integral method,the proposed method requires 75%less computation time on average and achieves a lower landing error.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275378)the National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals(6142909200208)。
文摘The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of the component.Blank design is the key part of plastic forming process design.For spinning-rolling process,the shape and size of the blank play a crucial role in process stability,deformation behavior and dimensional accuracy.So this work proposes a blank design method to determine the geometry structure and sizes of the blank.The mathematical model for calculating the blank size has been deduced based on volume conservation and neutral layer length invariance principle.The FE simulation and corresponding trial production of an actual big-tapered profiled ring disk show that the proposed blank design method is applicative.In order to obtain a preferred blank,the influence rules of blank size determined by different deformation degrees(rolling ratio k)on the spinning-rolling process are revealed by comprehensive FE simulations.Overall considering the process stability,circularity of the deformed ring disk and forming forces,a reasonable range of deformation degree(rolling ratio k)is recommended for the blank design of the new spinning-rolling process.
文摘BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterological questionnaire(PGQ)to assess the psycho-gastroenterological profile and social characteristics of a pediatric population with and without DGBI.METHODS One hundred and nineteen Italian children(age 11-18)were included:28 outpatient patients with DGBI(Rome IV criteria)and 91 healthy controls.They filled the PGQ,faces pain scale revised(FPS-R),Bristol stool chart,ga-strointestinal symptoms rating scale,state-trait anxiety inventory,Toronto alexithymia scale 20,perceived self-efficacy in the management of negative emotions and expression of positive emotions(APEN-G,APEP-G),irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life questionnaire,school performances,tobacco use,early life events,degree of digital-ization.RESULTS Compared to controls,patients had more medical examinations(35%of them went to the doctor more than five times),a higher school performance(23%vs 13%,P<0.05),didn’t use tobacco(never vs 16%,P<0.05),had early life events(28%vs 1%P<0.05)and a higher percentage of pain classified as 4 in the FPS-R during the examination(14%vs 7%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pediatric outpatients with DGBI had a higher prevalence of early life events,a lower quality of life,more medical examinations rising health care costs,lower anxiety levels.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(42272124)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0804302)Quantitative anatomy of shallow fan deltas in western China project directed by Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(2020D-5008-03).
文摘Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformation and sediments aggradation has been less studied. This constrain studies of sediment distribution and understanding of graded profile. For lake basin sequences, geomorphological control is much stronger than lake level rise and fall. Under extreme conditions, sediments can still prograde when the lake level rises. Therefore, describing the influence of geomorphology on the flow transformation and stacking pattern of the lobes can provide a deeper understanding of the controlling factors of the lake basin stratigraphy sequence. Xiligou lake (XLG) fan delta from Xisai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Three lobes developed on the XLG fan delta with significant differences in their morphologies, architectures, lithofacies, sediment distributions and topographies. Through trenching, drone photography, and satellite data, we analyzed the structure of the sediments and the distribution of sedimentary facies. Based on the analysis of debris flow and hyper-concentrated flow deposits, two transformation models corresponding to different topographies were established. Sediment unloading is caused by a frictional reduction or a sudden momentum loss in the sediments flow's carrying capacity, allowing the debris flow transforms to hyper-concentrated flow and then to stream flow during the movement. The role of topography in controlling sediment flow transformation and sediment distribution is clarified through forces analysis of sediment grain. The topographic gradient of the linear slope is constant, so the direction of fluid movement is consistent with the topographic direction. Therefore, sediment flows move on linear slope without collision with the bed and there is no sudden loss of momentum. The gradual or sudden reduction in topographic gradient of concave slopes forces a constant or sudden change in the direction of fluid movement, which facilitates the unloading of sediments and the transformation of flow. The sudden change of topography forces unloading of viscous component, and the non-viscous component pass over to form hyper-concentrated flow, often accompanied by remobilized large gravels. The graded profile was an equilibrium between the dynamics and resistance of sediment transport. Changes in lake level affect the graded profile by changing the elevation of sediment transport, which is the total gravitational potential energy. The instantaneous graded profile and temporary graded profile are different scales of equilibrium corresponding to hydrodynamic equilibrium and depositional trend respectively. This study reveals the role of geomorphological dynamics in controlling sedimentary body progradation, thus providing a new perspective on the analysis of lake basin stratigraphy sequence.
基金This work is supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science projects in China(No.20YJCZH124)Guangdong Province Education and Teaching Reform Project No.640:Research on the Teaching Practice and Application of Online Peer Assessment Methods in the Context of Artificial Intelligence.
文摘This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data and historical academic performance)with dynamic behavioral patterns(e.g.,real-time interactions and evolving interests over time).The research employs Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)for semantic feature extraction,integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)for feature weighting,and introduces a time decay function inspired by Newton’s law of cooling to dynamically model changes in learners’interests.Empirical results demonstrate that this framework effectively captures the dynamic evolution of learners’behaviors and provides context-aware learning resource recommendations.The study introduces a novel paradigm for learner modeling in educational technology,combining methodological innovation with a scalable technical architecture,thereby laying a foundation for the development of adaptive learning systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61873196,62373030,61772187)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0303400)。
文摘The traditional orbit determination method based on pulsar profile distortion can determine the six elements of the orbit.However,the estimation accuracies of these methods are limited and the computational load of a six-dimensional search is huge.To solve this problem,the differential-geometry-based Multi-dimensional Joint Position-Velocity Estimation(MJPVE)using Crab pulsar profile distortion is proposed in this paper.Firstly,through theoretical analysis,it is found that the pulsar profile distortion caused by the initial state error in some joint positionvelocity directions is very small.In other words,the accuracies of estimation in these directions are very low.Namely,the search dimension can be reduced,which in turn greatly reduces the computational load.Then,we construct the chi-squared function of the pulsar profile with respect to the estimation error in joint position-velocity direction and use differential geometry to find the joint position-velocity directions corresponding to different degrees of distortion.Finally,we utilize the grid search based on directory folding in these joint position-velocity directions corresponding to large degrees of distortion to obtain the joint position-velocity estimation.The experimental results show that compared with the grouping bi-chi-squared inversion method,MJPVE has high precision and extensive navigation information.
文摘This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.
基金funded by the Shihezi University Innovation and Development Special Project“Research and Application of Knowledge Graph Based Big Data Platform for the Development Trend of College Students’Mental Health”(CXFZSK202205)by the China Young Pioneers Research Topic General Topic(2022YB16).
文摘Objectives:Attachment is a profound and enduring connection to the emotion children progressively form with their parents as they mature.It significantly impacts the social and psychological development of kids and teenagers.This study aimed to explore the latent profiles and longitudinal transition patterns of parent-child and peer attachments among adolescents.Methods:A cohort of 914 participants from China completed the measures with a twelve-month interval.There were 46.8%boys and 53.2%girls in this survey.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was adopted to explore the distinct profiles reflecting different parent-child and peer attachment response patterns at each time point.Latent transition analysis(LTA)was used to examine the membership of distinct latent profiles and how individuals move between profiles over time.Results:Three latent profiles were found:the poor parent-child communication profile,the moderate attachment profile,and the good attachment profile.It was shown that the transition probability from the poor parent-child communication and good attachment profiles to the moderate attachment profile was higher than the transition probability between the poor parent-child communication and good attachment profiles.Patterns of parent-child and peer attachments were associated with depression and anxiety.Conclusion:This study demonstrates differences in adolescents’attachment to fathers,mothers,and peers and the need for targeted interventions for groups of adolescents with moderate levels of parent-child and peer attachment.
基金the General project of the“14th Five-Year Plan”of Education Science of Gansu Province in 2023:“Research on the Integration Strategy of Rural Primary School Labor Education and Other Disciplines under the Background of Rural Revitalization”(Project number:GS[2023]GHB1420)Gansu Provincial University Curriculum Ideological and Political Demonstration Project“Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Courses in Pre-School EducationMajors from the Perspective of Three Educations:A Case study of Pre-School EducationHistory”(Project No.:GSkcsz-2021-094).
文摘Objectives:Adolescents’aggression is widely studied,the underlying heterogeneity of aggression among rural Chinese boarding students remains unexplored.This study investigates the latent profiles of Chinese rural boarding junior high school students’aggression and its correlations with moral disengagement and preference for solitude.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 04–22 April 2022,using a convenient sampling method among 516 junior high school students from six Chinese rural boarding schools.The survey included the Aggression Questionnaire,the Moral Disengagement Scale(MDS),and the Preference for Solitude Scale(PSS).Results:Participants were divided into three latent profiles:low(36.0%),medium(50.9%),and high aggression levels(13.1%).Compared with low aggression,students who felt left-behind(minors who stay in the rural areas while one or both parents migrated to the urban areas for the work)accounted for a larger proportion in the medium aggression profile.The higher the grade level and the lower the educational level of the students’parents,the greater proportion of students in the medium and high aggression profiles.Additionally,students with high moral disengagement and preference for solitude showed a significant association with the medium aggression and high aggression profiles.Conclusions:The results demonstrate the significant group heterogeneity of aggression groups in Chinese rural boarding junior high school students.Targeted prevention and intervention measures can be carried out according to feeling left-behind,grade level,parents’education,and MDS and PSS scores.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52232011 and 52272324)the National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0397).
文摘Arrival headway,the minimum time interval between two trains that consecutively stop in the same railway yard,significantly influences overall railway capacity and becomes a bottleneck in large high-speed railway yards.This occurs because the leading train slows considerably along the long receiving route to the yard;while,the following train continues at top speed,creating a substantial spatial and temporal interval between them.This paper proposes a speed profile intervention(SPI)approach to reduce arrival headway.By setting appropriate speed limits in specific block sections for each train,the following train decelerates in advance,thereby shortening the interval with its predecessor.We first study the impact of speed values and locations on arrival headway theoretically,then validate our findings through a multi-agent simulation approach to quantitatively investigate the relationship between headway and SPI parameters.Simulation experiments using real-world data from the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway demonstrate that the SPI approach can significantly reduce arrival headway without any infrastructure modifications.To mitigate potential side effects on travel time associated with this approach,we perform an analysis that involves setting appropriate speed limit values and selecting strategic locations for their implementation.
基金supported by a special grant from the Taishan Scholars Project(Project No.tsqn202211130).
文摘Background:This study addresses the pressing need to understand the nuanced relationship between‘mattering’—the perception of being significant to others—and problematic internet use(PIU)among university students.Unlike previous research that has primarily employed variable-centered approaches,this study first adopts a person-centered approach using Latent Profile Analysis(LPA)to identify distinct mattering profiles.Subsequently,through variable-centered analyses,these profiles are examined in relation to different types of PIU—specifically problematic social media use(PSMU)and problematic gaming(PG)—as well as adaptability.Methods:Data were collected from 3587 university students across 19 universities in China.Participants completed three mattering-related scales(General Mattering Scale,Anti-Mattering Scale,and Fear of Not Mattering Inventory),along with the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale,the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form,and the Nine-item Adaptability Scale.Results:A four-class model identified by LPA was optimally selected:Class 1(high general mattering,low anti-mattering,low fear of not mattering),Class 2(moderate levels),Class 3(moderate general mattering,high antimattering,high fear of not mattering),and Class 4(low general mattering,low fear of not mattering,moderate anti-mattering).Significant differences were found among these classes in both PIU types(PSMU:F=139.66,p<0.001;PG:F=162.96,p<0.001).The pattern of mean differences consistently showed:Class 3>Class 2>Class 4>Class 1.Class 3 participants demonstrated the highest likelihood of meeting the addiction criteria,Class 2 showed moderate probability,while Classes 1 and 4 exhibited lower probabilities(χ^(2)=113.38 to 408.87,all p<0.001).Additionally,Class 3 reported the lowest adaptability(F=131.67,p<0.001).Conclusion:This study reveals that the unique influence of three ways of assessing feelings of mattering and the fear of not mattering on university students’PIU at the personal level,concluding that these factors are integral to understanding PIU among this demographic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:62101087)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.:2021MD703942)+2 种基金the Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Project Special Funding,China(Grant No.:2021XM2016)the Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipal Commission of Education,China(Grant No.:KJQN202100642)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0834).
文摘Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly re-duces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.However,the current approaches often rely on limited data sources and simplistic hypotheses,which restrict their ability to capture the multi-faceted nature of biological systems.This study introduces adaptive multi-view learning(AMVL),a novel methodology that integrates chemical-induced transcriptional profiles(CTPs),knowledge graph(KG)embeddings,and large language model(LLM)representations,to enhance drug repurposing predictions.AMVL incorporates an innovative similarity matrix expansion strategy and leverages multi-view learning(MVL),matrix factorization,and ensemble optimization techniques to integrate heterogeneous multi-source data.Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets(Fdata-set,Cdataset,and Ydataset)and the large-scale iDrug dataset demonstrate that AMVL outperforms state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,achieving superior accuracy in predicting drug-disease associations across multiple metrics.Literature-based validation further confirmed the model's predictive capabilities,with seven out of the top ten predictions corroborated by post-2011 evidence.To promote transparency and reproducibility,all data and codes used in this study were open-sourced,providing resources for pro-cessing CTPs,KG,and LLM-based similarity calculations,along with the complete AMVL algorithm and benchmarking procedures.By unifying diverse data modalities,AMVL offers a robust and scalable so-lution for accelerating drug discovery,fostering advancements in translational medicine and integrating multi-omics data.We aim to inspire further innovations in multi-source data integration and support the development of more precise and efficient strategies for advancing drug discovery and translational medicine.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFC3203903National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371010,No.41971004。
文摘How the strong segmentation of cascade reservoir dams and the spatiotemporal changes of sediment retention volume affect the river morphology adjustment in the reservoir area is a scientific issue worthy of exploration.This study aims to reveal the adjustment mechanism of the thalweg longitudinal profile of cascade reservoirs.This study focuses on the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs located in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.Utilizing multi-period observational data of thalweg elevation in reservoir reaches both before and after dam construction,the research employs statistical,geomorphological,and sedimentological methodologies to analyze variation characteristics in the measured curves,trend curves,and theoretical fitting curves of the thalweg longitudinal profile.The investigation ultimately reveals two distinct adjustment patterns in the longitudinal profiles of these cascade reservoirs:the concave curve type and the convex curve type.The former is characterized by weak riverbed scouring and silting changed to rapid aggradation in the upstream section of the reservoir area after dam closure,then changed to slow aggradation in the whole reservoir area,which is the common feature of reservoirs that were built earlier and are relatively located in the downstream(such as the Xiangjiaba Reservoir).The latter is characterized by a straight line or concave curve type with weak riverbed scouring and silting before the dam closure changed to a convex curve type with strong siltation after dam closure,which is the characteristic of reservoirs that were built later and are relatively located in the upstream(such as the Xiluodu Reservoir).The adjustment of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile is controlled by the spatiotemporal changes of the sediment deposition volume and sedimentation rate in the reservoir area,and the alternating changes of the hydrodynamic gradient and regulation mode affect the spatial heterogeneity of the sedimentation rate.The research results are helpful for understanding the adjustment mechanism of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile in similar areas and have a guiding role in predicting the adjustment trend of the cascade reservoir longitudinal profile without observation data.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3705801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177085).
文摘Substantial effects of photochemical reaction losses of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on factor profiles can be investigated by comparing the differences between daytime and nighttime dispersion-normalized VOC data resolved profiles.Hourly speciated VOC data measured in Shijiazhuang,China from May to September 2021 were used to conduct study.The mean VOC concentration in the daytime and at nighttime were 32.8 and 36.0 ppbv,respectively.Alkanes and aromatics concentrations in the daytime(12.9 and 3.08 ppbv)were lower than nighttime(15.5 and 3.63 ppbv),whereas that of alkenes showed the opposite tendency.The concentration differences between daytime and nighttime for alkynes and halogenated hydrocarbonswere uniformly small.The reactivities of the dominant species in factor profiles for gasoline emissions,natural gas and diesel vehicles,and liquefied petroleum gas were relatively low and their profiles were less affected by photochemical losses.Photochemical losses produced a substantial impact on the profiles of solvent use,petrochemical industry emissions,combustion sources,and biogenic emissions where the dominant species in these factor profiles had high reactivities.Although the profile of biogenic emissions was substantially affected by photochemical loss of isoprene,the low emissions at nighttime also had an important impact on its profile.Chemical losses of highly active VOC species substantially reduced their concentrations in apportioned factor profiles.This study results were consistent with the analytical results obtained through initial concentration estimation,suggesting that the initial concentration estimation could be the most effective currently availablemethod for the source analyses of active VOCs although with uncertainty.
基金supported by the“333 High-Level Talents Training Project”of Jiangsu province(No.BRA2020069)。
文摘Objectives:The study aimed to explore social alienation types in patients with inflammatorybowel diseases(IBD)and identify influencingfactors.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling among patients with IBD from July 2022 to July 2023.Patients were assessed using the Generalized Social Alienation Scale(GSAS),the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(B-IPQ),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ).Demographic and disease-related characteristics were also collected.Latent profileanalysis(LPA)was used to identify potential subgroups of social alienation.Univariate analysis and multicollinearity analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors,followed by multiple regression analysis to evaluate the effect of influencingfactors on social alienation.Results:Three distinct profilesof social alienation were identified:integrated-low alienation group(n=61,20.20%),accommodative-moderate alienation group(n=195,64.57%),and maladaptive-high alienation group(n=46,15.23%).Seven characteristics were associated with the profile’smembership:self-perceived financialstress,malnutrition risk,disease duration,illness comprehensibility,anxiety,depression,and acceptance-resignation coping mode.Conclusions:Patients with IBD were categorized into three subgroups based on social alienation levels.Financial stress,malnutrition risk,disease duration,illness comprehensibility,anxiety,depression,and acceptance-resignation coping mode were key predictors of the subgroup membership.Targeted interventions should be developed to mitigate the negative effects of social alienation,with a focus on improving illness perception,alleviating anxiety and depression,and promoting effective coping strategies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Instrumentation Program(52327806)Youth Fund of the National Nature Foundation of China(62405020)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M764131).
文摘Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.
基金supported in part by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(No.JCKY2021603B030)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,China(No.JCYJ20220818102601004)the Science Center Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62188101)。
文摘Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametric bank angle profiles in Mars atmospheric entry missions.The methodology includes a universal approach to handling path constraints and a reliable solution method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm.For illustrative purposes,a mission with the objective of maximizing terminal altitude is considered.The original entry optimization problem is converted into optimizing three coefficients for the bank angle profiles with terminal constraints by formulating a parametric Mars entry bank angle profile and constraint handling methods.The parameter optimization problem is addressed using the PSO algorithm,with reliability enhanced by increasing the PSO swarm size.To improve computational efficiency,an enhanced Deep Operator Network(Deep ONet)is used as a dynamics solver to predict terminal states under various bank angle profiles rapidly.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology ensures reliable convergence with a sufficiently large PSO swarm while maintaining high computational efficiency facilitated by the neural-network-based dynamics solver.Compared to the existing methodologies,this methodology offers a streamlined process,the reduced sensitivity to initial guesses,and the improved computational efficiency.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52079068,52090081)the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering(Grant No.2021-KY-04).
文摘The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.
