BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiot...Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.展开更多
The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganism...The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.展开更多
As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regu...As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.展开更多
The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a direct role in the health of both the gastrointestinal tract and the entire body.Numerous factors influence the abundance and diversity of gut m...The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a direct role in the health of both the gastrointestinal tract and the entire body.Numerous factors influence the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota.Microbial imbalance can contribute to disease development.Probiotics are biologically active supplements with promising properties that have high therapeutic potential.Currently,there is a tendency to switch from classic probiotic microorganisms represented by lactic acid bacteria to next-generation probiotics due to their unique ability to influence the human immune system.New-generation probiotics include bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Bacteroides sp.,Prevotella sp.,Roseburia sp.,and Eubacterium sp.Nextgeneration probiotics can affect host immune cells by secreting various substances,such as butyrate in F.prausnitzii,or through interaction with Toll-like receptors of intestinal epithelial cells,such as A.muciniphila.Studying the role of next-generation probiotics in immune regulation is a promising area of research.This study describes the interactions of next-generation probiotics with the immune system.Understanding the mechanisms of such interactions will improve the treatment of various diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy with suboptimal postoperative recovery outcomes.Enhancing recovery and prolonging disease-free survival remains a critical challenge.This study investigates facto...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy with suboptimal postoperative recovery outcomes.Enhancing recovery and prolonging disease-free survival remains a critical challenge.This study investigates factors influencing the efficacy of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.AIM To identify predictors of therapeutic efficacy for probiotics combined with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted with 511 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery and received probiotics and enteral nutrition from January 2022 to March 2025.Patients were categorized into the“good efficacy group”(n=279)and“poor efficacy group”(n=232)based on outcomes observed 3 months post-surgery.Variables assessed included gut microbiota composition,nutritional intake,immune and inflammatory markers,and demographic characteristics.RESULTS Patients with favorable outcomes were typically younger,had higher caloric,protein,and fiber intake,and displayed enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier function with elevated levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.Immune markers such as immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G,and CD4+/CD8+T-cell ratios were significantly higher in the good efficacy group.High numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis and levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were associated with poor efficacy.Multivariate analysis identified age,tumor node metastasis stage,protein intake,and gut microbiota composition as significant predictors of therapeutic success.CONCLUSION The efficacy of combining probiotics with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer was influenced by age,nutritional intake,microbiota balance,immune status,and inflammatory markers.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regul...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regulatory effect on the structure of intestinal flora,providing clinical evidence for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of radiation enteritis.Methods:A total of 40 patients with radiation enteritis admitted to the Oncology Department of Linfen Central Hospital from September 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Clostridium butyricum live capsules,while the observation group was treated with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in addition to the treatment given to the control group.Both groups received a 4-week treatment course.Intestinal function indicators and changes in intestinal flora structure were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group versus the control group was(95.00%vs 65.00%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The fecal formation rate in the observation group(85.00%vs 60.00%)was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the defecation frequency(2.15±0.42 vs 3.85±0.65)times/day was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the quantities of Bifidobacterium(6.85±0.72 L vs 5.23±0.61 L)gCFU/g and Lactobacillus(6.52±0.68 L vs 4.98±0.57 L)gCFU/g in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the quantities of Escherichia coli(4.12±0.53 L vs 5.67±0.65 L)gCFU/g and Staphylococcus(3.85±0.48 L vs 5.23±0.59 L)gCFU/g were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinical studies have confirmed that the synergistic treatment of radiation enteritis with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction and probiotics can significantly improve patients’clinical symptoms and restore the balance of intestinal flora,providing an effective regimen for clinical treatment.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately li...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.展开更多
With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in de...With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in depression.Therefore,identifying new potential treatments for depression is crucial.Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is vital for human health and immune system function due to its complex bidirectional relationship with the brain.Numerous studies have established a robust correlation between anxiety and depression disorders,as well as the composition of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract,providing a fresh perspective.Adjusting the balance of gut microbiota may help alleviate depression symptoms.Probiotics,live microorganisms in the human gut,can improve the microbial community,help maintain homeostasis and stress resilience to remission in patients with depression.It is essential to explore how probiotics affect gut microbiota since their impact can differ between animal experiments and clinical trials.The variation in results may be attributed to factors like the probiotic type,administered dosage,and treatment duration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms by which probiotics affect gut microbiota,drawing from recent animal and clinical studies and observations on gut microbial ecology shifts.Additionally,this review will spotlight effective probiotic species for depression relief and discuss treatments centered on restoring gut microbial balance.Furthermore,it will also discuss the potential of probiotics on host microbiota in other organs to improve depressive symptoms and demonstrate the transient nature of the need for a more nuanced understanding of the safety and potential adverse effects of probiotics.展开更多
Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livest...Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases.The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components,including nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other substances.This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract,exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research.Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics oper-ate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms ...BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms during BQT for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS One hundred seventy-four adults(18-60 years)with confirmed H.pylori infections between July 2022 and December 2023 were randomised to receive BQT plus a multispecies probiotic(n=89)or a maltodextrin placebo(n=85)for 4 weeks.Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)and Bristol Stool Classification Scale scores were collected at baseline,2,4 and 8 weeks;eradication was assessed 8 weeks post-treatment.Intention-to-treat analysis used multiple imputation and SPSS 26.0.RESULTS After 8 weeks,GSRS scores(all dimensions and total)decreased significantly compared with those at baseline.ITT analysis showed significantly greater reductions for the intervention vs the placebo in reflux by week 2,total/diarrhea scores by week 4,and total/dyspepsia scores by week 8.Probiotics provided no protective effect against gastrointestinal symptoms at week 2 but showed significant protection at weeks 4 and 8.Both groups reported decreased diarrhea/constipation-type stools and increased normal-type stools post-intervention.H.pylori eradication rates were slightly higher for the intervention group(88.8%)than for the placebo group(84.7%),but the difference was not significant(P=0.430).CONCLUSION Multistrain probiotics significantly relieved BQT-associated gastrointestinal symptoms without affecting era-dication success.展开更多
Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhod...Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to develop compound probiotics that can be used as the alternatives of chemical drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture. [Method] Different concentrations of EM （effective microorgan...[Objective] This study was conducted to develop compound probiotics that can be used as the alternatives of chemical drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture. [Method] Different concentrations of EM （effective microorganisms） and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were mixed at a ratio of 1：1, and sprayed on fish feed. The growth of intestinal villi of the fishes that had been fed with the feed mixed with compound probiotics for three months was observed; meanwhile, the content of in- testinal Aeromonas hydrophila was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. ｜Result] The compound probiotics promoted the development of intestinal villi, and inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila, and the effects were also concentration dependent. However, the compound probiotics did not increase the thickness of the intestinal serous layer, muscular layer and submucosal layer. [Conclusion] The compound probiotics we prepared can be used and popularized in aquiculture as it can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila.展开更多
In the study, the methods of applied histology and histochemistry were used to determine intestinal villus length, crypt depth, the ratio of intestinal villus length to crypt depth, mucous membrane thickness and intes...In the study, the methods of applied histology and histochemistry were used to determine intestinal villus length, crypt depth, the ratio of intestinal villus length to crypt depth, mucous membrane thickness and intestinal wall thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 42-day-old broilers, so as to study the effects of different conncentrations of homologous probiottcs on small intestinal mucosa struc- ture of the broilers. The results showed that the effect of 0.3% probiotics on small intestine mucosal structures was the best, such as the length of intestinal villus was the longest, the ratio of villus length to crypt depth was the largest, the thins of mucous membrane and intestinal wall was the thickest. These showed that 0,3% probiotics had best effect on improving and enhancing the digestion-absorption func- tion of the small intestine of the broilers.展开更多
Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based...Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.展开更多
A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or intervention...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has a global prevalence of 20%–33%,has become the main cause of chronic liver disease.Except for lifestyle medication,no definitive medical treatment has been establishe...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has a global prevalence of 20%–33%,has become the main cause of chronic liver disease.Except for lifestyle medication,no definitive medical treatment has been established so far,making it urgent to find effective strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.With the identification of the significant role played by the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,studies on probiotics for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are increasing in number.Bacteria from the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera constitute the most widely used traditional probiotics.More recently,emerging next-generation probiotics(NGPs)such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii have also gained attention due to their potential as therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD.This review provides an overview of the effects of oral administration of traditional probiotics and NGPs on the development and progress of NAFLD.The mechanisms by which probiotics directly or indirectly affect the disease are illustrated,based on the most recent animal and clinical studies.Although numerous studies have been published on this topic,further research is required to comprehensively understand the specific underlying mechanisms among probiotics,gut microbiota,and NAFLD,and additional large-scale clinical trials are required to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of NAFLD,as well as the safety of probiotics in the human body.展开更多
Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is mar...Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
文摘Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.
文摘The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1800400)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(BK20220746).
文摘As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.
基金carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No.24-24-20036,https://rscf.ru/project/24-24-20036(accessed on 5 June 2025).
文摘The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a direct role in the health of both the gastrointestinal tract and the entire body.Numerous factors influence the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota.Microbial imbalance can contribute to disease development.Probiotics are biologically active supplements with promising properties that have high therapeutic potential.Currently,there is a tendency to switch from classic probiotic microorganisms represented by lactic acid bacteria to next-generation probiotics due to their unique ability to influence the human immune system.New-generation probiotics include bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Bacteroides sp.,Prevotella sp.,Roseburia sp.,and Eubacterium sp.Nextgeneration probiotics can affect host immune cells by secreting various substances,such as butyrate in F.prausnitzii,or through interaction with Toll-like receptors of intestinal epithelial cells,such as A.muciniphila.Studying the role of next-generation probiotics in immune regulation is a promising area of research.This study describes the interactions of next-generation probiotics with the immune system.Understanding the mechanisms of such interactions will improve the treatment of various diseases.
基金Supported by Zunyi Science and Technology Plan Project,No.Zunshi Kehe HZ Zi(2023)No.49.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy with suboptimal postoperative recovery outcomes.Enhancing recovery and prolonging disease-free survival remains a critical challenge.This study investigates factors influencing the efficacy of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.AIM To identify predictors of therapeutic efficacy for probiotics combined with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted with 511 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery and received probiotics and enteral nutrition from January 2022 to March 2025.Patients were categorized into the“good efficacy group”(n=279)and“poor efficacy group”(n=232)based on outcomes observed 3 months post-surgery.Variables assessed included gut microbiota composition,nutritional intake,immune and inflammatory markers,and demographic characteristics.RESULTS Patients with favorable outcomes were typically younger,had higher caloric,protein,and fiber intake,and displayed enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier function with elevated levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.Immune markers such as immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G,and CD4+/CD8+T-cell ratios were significantly higher in the good efficacy group.High numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis and levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were associated with poor efficacy.Multivariate analysis identified age,tumor node metastasis stage,protein intake,and gut microbiota composition as significant predictors of therapeutic success.CONCLUSION The efficacy of combining probiotics with enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer was influenced by age,nutritional intake,microbiota balance,immune status,and inflammatory markers.
基金supported by the 2022 Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(Young Talent Sub-Project 2022A-158-G)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23C200005)the Research Startup Fund of Ningbo University(ZX2022000432).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.
基金Four“batches”innovation project of invigorating medicine through science and technology of Shanxi province(Project No.:2023XM059)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regulatory effect on the structure of intestinal flora,providing clinical evidence for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of radiation enteritis.Methods:A total of 40 patients with radiation enteritis admitted to the Oncology Department of Linfen Central Hospital from September 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Clostridium butyricum live capsules,while the observation group was treated with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in addition to the treatment given to the control group.Both groups received a 4-week treatment course.Intestinal function indicators and changes in intestinal flora structure were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group versus the control group was(95.00%vs 65.00%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The fecal formation rate in the observation group(85.00%vs 60.00%)was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the defecation frequency(2.15±0.42 vs 3.85±0.65)times/day was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the quantities of Bifidobacterium(6.85±0.72 L vs 5.23±0.61 L)gCFU/g and Lactobacillus(6.52±0.68 L vs 4.98±0.57 L)gCFU/g in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the quantities of Escherichia coli(4.12±0.53 L vs 5.67±0.65 L)gCFU/g and Staphylococcus(3.85±0.48 L vs 5.23±0.59 L)gCFU/g were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinical studies have confirmed that the synergistic treatment of radiation enteritis with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction and probiotics can significantly improve patients’clinical symptoms and restore the balance of intestinal flora,providing an effective regimen for clinical treatment.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Youth Fund of China(32302107)Guangdong Seed Industry Revitalization Project(2022-WPY-00-008).
文摘With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in depression.Therefore,identifying new potential treatments for depression is crucial.Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is vital for human health and immune system function due to its complex bidirectional relationship with the brain.Numerous studies have established a robust correlation between anxiety and depression disorders,as well as the composition of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract,providing a fresh perspective.Adjusting the balance of gut microbiota may help alleviate depression symptoms.Probiotics,live microorganisms in the human gut,can improve the microbial community,help maintain homeostasis and stress resilience to remission in patients with depression.It is essential to explore how probiotics affect gut microbiota since their impact can differ between animal experiments and clinical trials.The variation in results may be attributed to factors like the probiotic type,administered dosage,and treatment duration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms by which probiotics affect gut microbiota,drawing from recent animal and clinical studies and observations on gut microbial ecology shifts.Additionally,this review will spotlight effective probiotic species for depression relief and discuss treatments centered on restoring gut microbial balance.Furthermore,it will also discuss the potential of probiotics on host microbiota in other organs to improve depressive symptoms and demonstrate the transient nature of the need for a more nuanced understanding of the safety and potential adverse effects of probiotics.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(32272898).
文摘Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases.The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components,including nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other substances.This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract,exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research.Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics oper-ate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.
文摘BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms during BQT for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS One hundred seventy-four adults(18-60 years)with confirmed H.pylori infections between July 2022 and December 2023 were randomised to receive BQT plus a multispecies probiotic(n=89)or a maltodextrin placebo(n=85)for 4 weeks.Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)and Bristol Stool Classification Scale scores were collected at baseline,2,4 and 8 weeks;eradication was assessed 8 weeks post-treatment.Intention-to-treat analysis used multiple imputation and SPSS 26.0.RESULTS After 8 weeks,GSRS scores(all dimensions and total)decreased significantly compared with those at baseline.ITT analysis showed significantly greater reductions for the intervention vs the placebo in reflux by week 2,total/diarrhea scores by week 4,and total/dyspepsia scores by week 8.Probiotics provided no protective effect against gastrointestinal symptoms at week 2 but showed significant protection at weeks 4 and 8.Both groups reported decreased diarrhea/constipation-type stools and increased normal-type stools post-intervention.H.pylori eradication rates were slightly higher for the intervention group(88.8%)than for the placebo group(84.7%),but the difference was not significant(P=0.430).CONCLUSION Multistrain probiotics significantly relieved BQT-associated gastrointestinal symptoms without affecting era-dication success.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596)Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z25C030002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(HZ202404)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.
基金Supported by the Corporation Project(09003699)Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ150416)Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province(20122BBF60082)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to develop compound probiotics that can be used as the alternatives of chemical drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture. [Method] Different concentrations of EM （effective microorganisms） and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were mixed at a ratio of 1：1, and sprayed on fish feed. The growth of intestinal villi of the fishes that had been fed with the feed mixed with compound probiotics for three months was observed; meanwhile, the content of in- testinal Aeromonas hydrophila was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. ｜Result] The compound probiotics promoted the development of intestinal villi, and inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila, and the effects were also concentration dependent. However, the compound probiotics did not increase the thickness of the intestinal serous layer, muscular layer and submucosal layer. [Conclusion] The compound probiotics we prepared can be used and popularized in aquiculture as it can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila.
基金Supported by the Project of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-YF-14-18XYYF-14-16)~~
文摘In the study, the methods of applied histology and histochemistry were used to determine intestinal villus length, crypt depth, the ratio of intestinal villus length to crypt depth, mucous membrane thickness and intestinal wall thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 42-day-old broilers, so as to study the effects of different conncentrations of homologous probiottcs on small intestinal mucosa struc- ture of the broilers. The results showed that the effect of 0.3% probiotics on small intestine mucosal structures was the best, such as the length of intestinal villus was the longest, the ratio of villus length to crypt depth was the largest, the thins of mucous membrane and intestinal wall was the thickest. These showed that 0,3% probiotics had best effect on improving and enhancing the digestion-absorption func- tion of the small intestine of the broilers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170102)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(25JCLMJC00400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63253191).
文摘Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.
基金Jiangsu College of Nursing 2023 Special Fund for Research and Development of Medical-Educational Integration。
文摘A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.
基金Supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and Academy of Sciences VEGA,No.1/0393/20the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure Within the Project:Demand-Driven Research for the Sustainable and Innovative Food,Co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund,No.Drive4SIFood 313011V336.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790631 and 81330011).
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has a global prevalence of 20%–33%,has become the main cause of chronic liver disease.Except for lifestyle medication,no definitive medical treatment has been established so far,making it urgent to find effective strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.With the identification of the significant role played by the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,studies on probiotics for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are increasing in number.Bacteria from the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera constitute the most widely used traditional probiotics.More recently,emerging next-generation probiotics(NGPs)such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii have also gained attention due to their potential as therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD.This review provides an overview of the effects of oral administration of traditional probiotics and NGPs on the development and progress of NAFLD.The mechanisms by which probiotics directly or indirectly affect the disease are illustrated,based on the most recent animal and clinical studies.Although numerous studies have been published on this topic,further research is required to comprehensively understand the specific underlying mechanisms among probiotics,gut microbiota,and NAFLD,and additional large-scale clinical trials are required to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of NAFLD,as well as the safety of probiotics in the human body.
文摘Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.
