Because of the developed surface of the Triply PeriodicMinimumSurface(TPMS)structures,polylactide(PLA)products with a TPMS structure are thought to be promising bio soluble implants with the potential for targeted dru...Because of the developed surface of the Triply PeriodicMinimumSurface(TPMS)structures,polylactide(PLA)products with a TPMS structure are thought to be promising bio soluble implants with the potential for targeted drug delivery.For implants,mechanical properties are key performance characteristics,so understanding the deformation and failure mechanisms is essential for selecting the appropriate implant structure.The deformation and fracture processes in PLA samples with different interior architectures have been studied through computer simulation and experimental research.Two TPMS topologies,the Schwarz Diamond and Gyroid architectures,were used for the sample construction by 3D printing.ANSYS software was utilized to simulate compressive deformation.It was found that under the same load,the vonMises stresses in the Gyroid structure are higher than those in the Schwartz Diamond structure,which was associated with the different orientations of the cells in the studied structures in relation to the direction of the loading axis.The deformation process occurs in the local regions of the studied TPMS structures.Maximum von Mises stresses were observed in the vertical parts of the structures oriented along the load direction.It was found that,unlike the Gyroid,the Schwartz Diamond structure contains a frame that forms unique stiffening ribs,which ensures the redistribution of the load under the vertical loading direction.An analysis of the mechanical characteristics of PLA samples with the Schwartz Diamond and Gyroid structures produced by the Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)method was correlated with computer simulation.The Schwarz Diamond-type structure was shown to have a higher absorption energy than the Gyroid one.A study of the fracture in PLA samples with various cell sizes revealed a particular feature related to the samples’periodic surface topology and the 3D printing process.Scanning electron microscopic(SEM)studies of the samples deformed by compression showed thatwith an increase in the density of the samples,the failure mechanism changes from ductile to quasi-brittle due to the complex participation of both cell deformation and fiber deformation.展开更多
Air-permeable and ultrathin conductive electrodes are essential for next-generation soft electronics,including breathable wearables,on-skin devices and biointegrated electronics.However,conventional metallization stra...Air-permeable and ultrathin conductive electrodes are essential for next-generation soft electronics,including breathable wearables,on-skin devices and biointegrated electronics.However,conventional metallization strategies,such as sputtering and ink-printing,often suffer from severe vertical charge leakage due to the porous and ultrathin characteristics of nanofibrous networks,leading to device short-circuiting,operational failure and limited vertical integration.Here,we present a solvent-selective dissolutionassisted transfer printing strategy to achieve surface-confined metallization of ultrathin,lightweight,and gas-permeable nanofibrous networks,enabling lateral conductivity while maintaining vertical insulation.This transfer printing process facilitates not only the rapid formation of conductive patterns on the surface of nanofibrous networks but also mechanical reinforcement through solvent evaporation-induced interlocked fiber-fiber welding.Meanwhile,the strategy preserves the high permeability of the nanofibrous networks and imparts a unique combination of surface conductivity(2Ωcm)and vertical insulativity(10^(11)Ωcm).The resulting anisotropic conductive networks enable low-voltage wearable heaters,high-sensitive pressure sensors,and ultralight temperature sensors.A pressure-temperature dual-modal sensing patch is further fabricated for intelligent grasping classification.The proposed surface-confined metallization strategy enables rapid fabrication of an anisotropic conductive network as a building block to construct air-permeable,ultrathin and lightweight wearable electronics.展开更多
Dysphagia,a prevalent condition affecting over 30%of the elderly,significantly elevates malnutrition risks due to impaired swallowing and insufficient nutrient intake.This study aimed to develop plant-based,3D-printed...Dysphagia,a prevalent condition affecting over 30%of the elderly,significantly elevates malnutrition risks due to impaired swallowing and insufficient nutrient intake.This study aimed to develop plant-based,3D-printed dysphagia diets using pea protein isolate(PPI)combined with quinoa to enhance essential amino acid profiles,complemented by hydrocolloid—xanthan gum(XG),carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and agar—for tailored texture modulation.Eight ink formulations were evaluated based on molecular interactions,rheological behavior,3 D printing performance,and compliance with International Dysphagia Diet S tandardization Initiative(IDDSI)standards.Synergistic effects of XG and CMC in Ink-C optimized shear-thinning properties and structural stability,enabling high-precision printing of self-supporting constructs.IDDSI testing confirmed that Ink-A and Ink-C met Level 5"minced and moist"criteria,validated by texture parameters and shape retention during mechanical testing.Electronic nose showed minimal deviations in aromatic characteristics across all formulations,preserving sensory acceptability.In vitro digestion models revealed that hydrocolloid networks temporarily hindered gastric proteolysis but ultimately achieved sufficient intestinal hydrolysis(>76%)to ensure nutrient bioavailability.Ink-C was identified as the optimal formulation,harmonizing printability,swallow-safe textures,and digestibility.This work highlights the potential of hydrocolloid-engineered 3D printing to advance personalized nutrition for dysphagia management,offering scalable solutions to improve dietary diversity and clinical outcomes in aging populations.展开更多
This study presents and verifies a hybrid methodology for reliable determination of parameters in structural rheological models(Zener,Burgers,and Maxwell)describing the viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane specimens ...This study presents and verifies a hybrid methodology for reliable determination of parameters in structural rheological models(Zener,Burgers,and Maxwell)describing the viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane specimens manufactured using extrusion-based 3D printing.Through comprehensive testing,including cyclic compression at strain rates ranging from 0.12 to 120 mm/min(0%-15%strain)and creep/relaxation experiments(10%-30%strain),the lumped parameters were independently determined using both analytical and numerical solutions of the models’differential equations,followed by cross-verification in additional experiments.Numerical solutions for creep and relaxation problems were obtained using finite element analysis,with the three-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model and Prony series employed to simulate elastic and viscous stress components,respectively.Energy dissipation per cycle was quantified during cyclic compression tests.The results demonstrate that all three models adequately describe material behavior within the 0%-15%strain range across various strain rates.Comparative analysis revealed the Burgers model’s superior performance in characterizing creep and stress relaxation at low strain levels.While Zener and Burgers model parameters from uniaxial compression showed limited applicability for energy dissipation calculations,the generalized Maxwell model effectively captured viscoelastic properties across different strain rates.Notably,parameters derived from creep tests provided a more universal assessment of dissipative properties due to optimization based on characteristic curve regions.Both parameter sets described polyurethane’s elastic-hysteretic behavior with approximately 20%error,proving significantly more accurate than the linear strain-time dependence hypothesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)complemented numerical modeling by demonstrating that while the generalized Maxwell model effectively describes initial rapid stress-strain changes,FEA provides superior characterization of steady-state processes.This computational approach yields more physically representative results compared to simplified analytical solutions,despite certain limitations in transient analysis.展开更多
3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make i...3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.展开更多
In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved cerami...In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.展开更多
Internal structural defects in engineering rock masses vary in size,exhibit complex shapes,and are unevenly distributed.Dominant fractures within a rock mass often play a critical to its mechanical behavior,directly a...Internal structural defects in engineering rock masses vary in size,exhibit complex shapes,and are unevenly distributed.Dominant fractures within a rock mass often play a critical to its mechanical behavior,directly affecting the macromechanical properties and failure modes.These fractures affect the instability and failure of the surrounding rock,significantlyimpacting the overall stability of engineering structures.Herein,sand-powder three-dimensional(3D)printing technology was used to prepare rock-like specimens with internal fracture networks.Triaxial compression testing,post-failure fracture mapping,and fractal dimension analysis of the fracture surfaces were conducted to investigate the effects of dominant fracture angles on the strength and deformation of rocks with internal fracture networks under triaxial stress.The results indicate that the dominant fracture angle has a pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior of rock.With increasing angle,both compressive strength and elastic modulus exhibit an initial decline followed by an increase.Moreover,higher confiningpressure significantlyimproves the compressive strength of fractured rock.This enhancement weakens as the confiningpressure further increases.Moreover,with increasing confiningpressure,the differences between the maximum and minimum values of elastic moduli and lateral strain ratios in fractured rock gradually decrease.Thus,the impact of the dominant fracture angle on rock mass deformation decreases with increasing confiningpressure.This research elucidates the effects of dominant fracture angles on the mechanical and failure properties of complex fractured rock masses and the influenceof the confiningpressure on these relationships.It provides valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for stability analyses in engineering rock masses.展开更多
Shape memory polymers used in 4D printing only had one permanent shape after molding,which limited their applications in requiring multiple reconstructions and multifunctional shapes.Furthermore,the inherent stability...Shape memory polymers used in 4D printing only had one permanent shape after molding,which limited their applications in requiring multiple reconstructions and multifunctional shapes.Furthermore,the inherent stability of the triazine ring structure within cyanate ester(CE)crosslinked networks after molding posed significant challenges for both recycling,repairing,and degradation of resin.To address these obstacles,dynamic thiocyanate ester(TCE)bonds and photocurable group were incorporated into CE,obtaining the recyclable and 3D printable CE covalent adaptable networks(CANs),denoted as PTCE1.5.This material exhibits a Young's modulus of 810 MPa and a tensile strength of 50.8 MPa.Notably,damaged printed PTCE1.5 objects can be readily repaired through reprinting and interface rejoining by thermal treatment.Leveraging the solid-state plasticity,PTCE1.5 also demonstrated attractive shape memory ability and permanent shape reconfigurability,enabling its reconfigurable 4D printing.The printed PTCE1.5 hinges and a main body were assembled into a deployable and retractable satellite model,validating its potential application as a controllable component in the aerospace field.Moreover,printed PTCE1.5 can be fully degraded into thiol-modified intermediate products.Overall,this material not only enriches the application range of CE resin,but also provides a reliable approach to addressing environmental issue.展开更多
Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves ...Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves as an ideal window for bioelectronic devices to acquire vital physiological information,enabling continuous health monitoring,and disease intervention.展开更多
Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,...Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,and knee,caused by echinococ cosis.Artificial intelligence(AI)was used to develop a targeted surgical plan and to design a personalized prosthesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)was used to optimize the mechanical effectiveness of a customized integrated replacement prosthesis and to model stress distribution in the surrounding bone.Three-dimensional(3 D)printing was used to fabricate a customized prosthesis.With the assistance of AI,FEA,and 3 D printing technology,a personalized surgical plan and customized prosthesis were successfully constructed based on the patient’s disease.This approach achieved a successful therapeutic effect,demonstrating that AI-assisted personalized medicine holds great promise for the future.展开更多
Up-conversion(UC)luminescent materials doped with Ln^(3+)ions possess excellent optical properties and extensive applications in the formulation of multifunctional fluorescence ink.Printing technology offers various m...Up-conversion(UC)luminescent materials doped with Ln^(3+)ions possess excellent optical properties and extensive applications in the formulation of multifunctional fluorescence ink.Printing technology offers various methods for the preparation of UC fluorescent inks.This study introduced the optical properties of luminescent materials doped with Ln^(3+)ions,including luminescence characteristics and spectral characteristics,which provide a basis for the subsequent printing process.We also reviewed different printing techniques,including direct writing,screen printing,laser printing,inkjet printing,and aerosol jet printing(AJP),developed so far in the literature and explored the printing process of ink characteristics.However,the printing process of inks was explored and their potential for various applications was maximized.Therefore,the printing technology of UC fluorescent inks still faces challenges in different aspects.This review also points out the direction for future in-depth research,which is expected to promote further development and innovation in the field.展开更多
In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this stu...In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.展开更多
Founded in 2016,Zhejiang Haiyin Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.stands at the forefront of innovation as a certified China National High-Tech Enterprise,relentlessly advancing the boundaries of single-pass digital printing...Founded in 2016,Zhejiang Haiyin Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.stands at the forefront of innovation as a certified China National High-Tech Enterprise,relentlessly advancing the boundaries of single-pass digital printing technology.Our crowning achievement—the revolutionary KUNR High-Speed Digital Printing System—earned China’s prestigious National First-in-Kind Certification.Engineered with 100%independent patents across mechanical,control,software,ink supply,and inks,we deliver tailored intelligent turnkey solutions that transform textile production dynamics.展开更多
As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands...As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ regeneration.Curated by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable organs.We further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control measures.Finally,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.展开更多
Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent ele...Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent electromagnetic materials.Conversely,electromagnetic metamaterials(EMMs),which are artificially engineered with distinctive electromagnetic properties,can overcome the limitations of natural materials owing to their structural advantages.Three-dimensional(3D)printing is the most effec-tive technique for fabricating EMM devices with different geometric parameters and associated proper-ties.However,conventional 3D-printed EMM devices may lack manufacturing flexibility and environmental adaptability to different physical stimuli,such as electric and magnetic fields.Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an ideal technique for schemes to integrate structural design with intelligent materials environmentally adaptive to external fields,for example,the printed components can change shape under electric stimulation.Given the rapid advancements in the EMM field,this paper first reviews typical EMM devices,their design theories,and underlying principles.Subsequently,it presents various EMM structural topologies and manufacturing technologies,emphasizing the feasibility of combining 3D and 4D printing.In addition,we highlight the important applications of EMMs and their future trends and the challenges associated with functional EMMs and additive manufacturing.展开更多
Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on...Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on traditional thermal processing or direct ink writing three-dimensional(3D)printing.These methods are not conducive to manufacturing complex structures and present challenges such as time inefficiency,poor accuracy,and the necessity of multiple steps,significantly limiting SR applications.In this study,we developed an SR-based ink suitable for vat photopolymerization 3D printing using a multi-thiol monomer.This ink enables the one-step fabrication of complex architectures with high printing resolution at the micrometer scale,providing excellent mechanical strength and superior chemical stability.Specifically,the optimized 3D printing SR-20 exhibits a tensile stress of 1.96 MPa,an elongation at break of 487.9%,and an elastic modulus of 225.4 kPa.Additionally,the 3D-printed SR samples can withstand various solvents(acetone,toluene,and tetrahydrofuran)and endure temperatures ranging from-50℃ to 180℃,demonstrating superior stability.As a emonstration of the application,we successfully fabricated a series of SR-based soft pneumatic actuators and grippers in a single step with this technology,allowing for free assembly for the first time.This ultraviolet-curable SR,with high printing resolution and exceptional stability performance,has significant potential to enhance the capabilities of 3D printing for applications in soft actuators,robotics,flexible electronics,and medical devices.展开更多
For more than 30 years,Hangzhou Honghua Digital Technology Stock Co.,Ltd(hereinafter also referred to as Atexco)has led digital inkjet innovation.From textiles to packaging and publishing,we deliver turnkey solutions ...For more than 30 years,Hangzhou Honghua Digital Technology Stock Co.,Ltd(hereinafter also referred to as Atexco)has led digital inkjet innovation.From textiles to packaging and publishing,we deliver turnkey solutions that unite precision printers,high-performance inks,process know-how and AI-driven design—one ecosystem powering global industry upgrade with Chinese inkjet excellence.展开更多
The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach...The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach—integrating biomedical engineering,advanced materials science,and emergency medicine expertise—to develop a compact,durable,and user-friendly ampoule case.A key innovation lies in the strategic selection of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as the material,leveraging its superior impact resistance,flexibility,and noise-damping characteristics to ensure reliability under performance in demanding real-world conditions.To optimize the 3D printing process,key parameters,including printing temperature(220-250℃),volumetric flow rate(3-20 mm^(3)/s),retraction speed(30-90 mm/s),and retraction length(0.4-1.2 mm),were systematically adjusted using calibration models.The final optimized parameters(245℃,7 mm^(3)/s,90 mm/s,and 1.2 mm)reduced production time by 43%while preserving structural integrity.American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)international standard drop tests confirmed the case’s exceptional impact resistance,demonstrating a 90%reduction in ampoule breakage compared to polylactic acid plus.Further refinements,guided by feedback from 25 emergency professionals,resulted in medicationspecific color coding and an enhanced locking mechanism for usability in high-pressure situations.The final SafeAmpCase model withstood 18 consecutive drop trials without ampoule breakage,confirming its robustness in field conditions.This research underscores the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in developing customized,high-performance solutions for critical healthcare applications,setting a new benchmark for biomedical device design and rapid prototyping.展开更多
Multi-material 3D fabrication at the nanoscale has been a long-sought goal in additive manufacturing,with great potential for the direct construction of functional micro/nanosystems rather than just arbitrary 3D struc...Multi-material 3D fabrication at the nanoscale has been a long-sought goal in additive manufacturing,with great potential for the direct construction of functional micro/nanosystems rather than just arbitrary 3D structures.To achieve this goal,researchers have introduced several nanoscale 3D printing principles,explored various multi-material switching and combination strategies,and demonstrated their potential applications in 3D integrated circuits,optoelectronics,biological devices,micro/nanorobots,etc.Although some progress has been made,it is still at the primary stage,and a serious breakthrough is needed to directly construct functional micro/nano systems.In this perspective,the development,current status and prospects of multi-material 3D nanoprinting are presented.We envision that this 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions and make significant contributions to various technologies and industries in the near future.展开更多
The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step...The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step femtosecond laser treatment to improve the surface conditions and osteointegration.The surface characterization,mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,and biological responses were investigated.These results found that femtosecond laser eliminated defects like embedded powders and superficial cracks while forming the nano cones-like structures surface on 3DPT,leading to enhanced osseointegration,anti-corrosion,and anti-fatigue performance.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the ablation removal mechanism and the formation of nano cone-like structures.These findings were further supported by the in vivo studies,showing that the FS-treated implants had superior bone-implant contact and osseointegration.Hence,the one-step femtosecond laser method is regarded as a promising surface modification method for improving the functional performance of Ti-based orthopedic implants.展开更多
文摘Because of the developed surface of the Triply PeriodicMinimumSurface(TPMS)structures,polylactide(PLA)products with a TPMS structure are thought to be promising bio soluble implants with the potential for targeted drug delivery.For implants,mechanical properties are key performance characteristics,so understanding the deformation and failure mechanisms is essential for selecting the appropriate implant structure.The deformation and fracture processes in PLA samples with different interior architectures have been studied through computer simulation and experimental research.Two TPMS topologies,the Schwarz Diamond and Gyroid architectures,were used for the sample construction by 3D printing.ANSYS software was utilized to simulate compressive deformation.It was found that under the same load,the vonMises stresses in the Gyroid structure are higher than those in the Schwartz Diamond structure,which was associated with the different orientations of the cells in the studied structures in relation to the direction of the loading axis.The deformation process occurs in the local regions of the studied TPMS structures.Maximum von Mises stresses were observed in the vertical parts of the structures oriented along the load direction.It was found that,unlike the Gyroid,the Schwartz Diamond structure contains a frame that forms unique stiffening ribs,which ensures the redistribution of the load under the vertical loading direction.An analysis of the mechanical characteristics of PLA samples with the Schwartz Diamond and Gyroid structures produced by the Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)method was correlated with computer simulation.The Schwarz Diamond-type structure was shown to have a higher absorption energy than the Gyroid one.A study of the fracture in PLA samples with various cell sizes revealed a particular feature related to the samples’periodic surface topology and the 3D printing process.Scanning electron microscopic(SEM)studies of the samples deformed by compression showed thatwith an increase in the density of the samples,the failure mechanism changes from ductile to quasi-brittle due to the complex participation of both cell deformation and fiber deformation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22434007,22104021,52303075,22404102)the Taishan Young Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqnz20231235)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024QB338,ZR2023QB227)the Higher Education Institutions Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province(2024KJH046)the Shandong Postdoctora1 Science Foundation(SDCX-ZG-202400279)。
文摘Air-permeable and ultrathin conductive electrodes are essential for next-generation soft electronics,including breathable wearables,on-skin devices and biointegrated electronics.However,conventional metallization strategies,such as sputtering and ink-printing,often suffer from severe vertical charge leakage due to the porous and ultrathin characteristics of nanofibrous networks,leading to device short-circuiting,operational failure and limited vertical integration.Here,we present a solvent-selective dissolutionassisted transfer printing strategy to achieve surface-confined metallization of ultrathin,lightweight,and gas-permeable nanofibrous networks,enabling lateral conductivity while maintaining vertical insulation.This transfer printing process facilitates not only the rapid formation of conductive patterns on the surface of nanofibrous networks but also mechanical reinforcement through solvent evaporation-induced interlocked fiber-fiber welding.Meanwhile,the strategy preserves the high permeability of the nanofibrous networks and imparts a unique combination of surface conductivity(2Ωcm)and vertical insulativity(10^(11)Ωcm).The resulting anisotropic conductive networks enable low-voltage wearable heaters,high-sensitive pressure sensors,and ultralight temperature sensors.A pressure-temperature dual-modal sensing patch is further fabricated for intelligent grasping classification.The proposed surface-confined metallization strategy enables rapid fabrication of an anisotropic conductive network as a building block to construct air-permeable,ultrathin and lightweight wearable electronics.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1102400)for supporting this work。
文摘Dysphagia,a prevalent condition affecting over 30%of the elderly,significantly elevates malnutrition risks due to impaired swallowing and insufficient nutrient intake.This study aimed to develop plant-based,3D-printed dysphagia diets using pea protein isolate(PPI)combined with quinoa to enhance essential amino acid profiles,complemented by hydrocolloid—xanthan gum(XG),carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and agar—for tailored texture modulation.Eight ink formulations were evaluated based on molecular interactions,rheological behavior,3 D printing performance,and compliance with International Dysphagia Diet S tandardization Initiative(IDDSI)standards.Synergistic effects of XG and CMC in Ink-C optimized shear-thinning properties and structural stability,enabling high-precision printing of self-supporting constructs.IDDSI testing confirmed that Ink-A and Ink-C met Level 5"minced and moist"criteria,validated by texture parameters and shape retention during mechanical testing.Electronic nose showed minimal deviations in aromatic characteristics across all formulations,preserving sensory acceptability.In vitro digestion models revealed that hydrocolloid networks temporarily hindered gastric proteolysis but ultimately achieved sufficient intestinal hydrolysis(>76%)to ensure nutrient bioavailability.Ink-C was identified as the optimal formulation,harmonizing printability,swallow-safe textures,and digestibility.This work highlights the potential of hydrocolloid-engineered 3D printing to advance personalized nutrition for dysphagia management,offering scalable solutions to improve dietary diversity and clinical outcomes in aging populations.
文摘This study presents and verifies a hybrid methodology for reliable determination of parameters in structural rheological models(Zener,Burgers,and Maxwell)describing the viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane specimens manufactured using extrusion-based 3D printing.Through comprehensive testing,including cyclic compression at strain rates ranging from 0.12 to 120 mm/min(0%-15%strain)and creep/relaxation experiments(10%-30%strain),the lumped parameters were independently determined using both analytical and numerical solutions of the models’differential equations,followed by cross-verification in additional experiments.Numerical solutions for creep and relaxation problems were obtained using finite element analysis,with the three-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model and Prony series employed to simulate elastic and viscous stress components,respectively.Energy dissipation per cycle was quantified during cyclic compression tests.The results demonstrate that all three models adequately describe material behavior within the 0%-15%strain range across various strain rates.Comparative analysis revealed the Burgers model’s superior performance in characterizing creep and stress relaxation at low strain levels.While Zener and Burgers model parameters from uniaxial compression showed limited applicability for energy dissipation calculations,the generalized Maxwell model effectively captured viscoelastic properties across different strain rates.Notably,parameters derived from creep tests provided a more universal assessment of dissipative properties due to optimization based on characteristic curve regions.Both parameter sets described polyurethane’s elastic-hysteretic behavior with approximately 20%error,proving significantly more accurate than the linear strain-time dependence hypothesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)complemented numerical modeling by demonstrating that while the generalized Maxwell model effectively describes initial rapid stress-strain changes,FEA provides superior characterization of steady-state processes.This computational approach yields more physically representative results compared to simplified analytical solutions,despite certain limitations in transient analysis.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208376,UA22A20429)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2024QB175,ZR2023LFG005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.25CX07002A)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Z202401390008)The Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025JJ60301)。
文摘3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241205)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022JC-33,2023-GHZD-35,and 2024JC-ZDXM-25)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National 111 Project to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Young Scientist Project(Grant No.2024YFC2911000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474103)the Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2024ZD22).
文摘Internal structural defects in engineering rock masses vary in size,exhibit complex shapes,and are unevenly distributed.Dominant fractures within a rock mass often play a critical to its mechanical behavior,directly affecting the macromechanical properties and failure modes.These fractures affect the instability and failure of the surrounding rock,significantlyimpacting the overall stability of engineering structures.Herein,sand-powder three-dimensional(3D)printing technology was used to prepare rock-like specimens with internal fracture networks.Triaxial compression testing,post-failure fracture mapping,and fractal dimension analysis of the fracture surfaces were conducted to investigate the effects of dominant fracture angles on the strength and deformation of rocks with internal fracture networks under triaxial stress.The results indicate that the dominant fracture angle has a pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior of rock.With increasing angle,both compressive strength and elastic modulus exhibit an initial decline followed by an increase.Moreover,higher confiningpressure significantlyimproves the compressive strength of fractured rock.This enhancement weakens as the confiningpressure further increases.Moreover,with increasing confiningpressure,the differences between the maximum and minimum values of elastic moduli and lateral strain ratios in fractured rock gradually decrease.Thus,the impact of the dominant fracture angle on rock mass deformation decreases with increasing confiningpressure.This research elucidates the effects of dominant fracture angles on the mechanical and failure properties of complex fractured rock masses and the influenceof the confiningpressure on these relationships.It provides valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for stability analyses in engineering rock masses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52473080,52403167 and 52173079)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.xtr052023001 and xzy012023037)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2024BSHSDZZ054)the Shaanxi Laboratory of Advanced Materials(No.2024ZY-JCYJ-04-12).
文摘Shape memory polymers used in 4D printing only had one permanent shape after molding,which limited their applications in requiring multiple reconstructions and multifunctional shapes.Furthermore,the inherent stability of the triazine ring structure within cyanate ester(CE)crosslinked networks after molding posed significant challenges for both recycling,repairing,and degradation of resin.To address these obstacles,dynamic thiocyanate ester(TCE)bonds and photocurable group were incorporated into CE,obtaining the recyclable and 3D printable CE covalent adaptable networks(CANs),denoted as PTCE1.5.This material exhibits a Young's modulus of 810 MPa and a tensile strength of 50.8 MPa.Notably,damaged printed PTCE1.5 objects can be readily repaired through reprinting and interface rejoining by thermal treatment.Leveraging the solid-state plasticity,PTCE1.5 also demonstrated attractive shape memory ability and permanent shape reconfigurability,enabling its reconfigurable 4D printing.The printed PTCE1.5 hinges and a main body were assembled into a deployable and retractable satellite model,validating its potential application as a controllable component in the aerospace field.Moreover,printed PTCE1.5 can be fully degraded into thiol-modified intermediate products.Overall,this material not only enriches the application range of CE resin,but also provides a reliable approach to addressing environmental issue.
文摘Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves as an ideal window for bioelectronic devices to acquire vital physiological information,enabling continuous health monitoring,and disease intervention.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471474 and 82102574)the Precision Medicine Project of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.20220305)+4 种基金Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.Support Project(No.24H0802)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2025YFHZ0086,2023YFS0053,2024YFHZ0125,and 2025ZNSFSC0381)Project of Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory(No.2025ZH009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515220102)Xinjiang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Support Project Plan(Directive)Project(No.2024E02049)。
文摘Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,and knee,caused by echinococ cosis.Artificial intelligence(AI)was used to develop a targeted surgical plan and to design a personalized prosthesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)was used to optimize the mechanical effectiveness of a customized integrated replacement prosthesis and to model stress distribution in the surrounding bone.Three-dimensional(3 D)printing was used to fabricate a customized prosthesis.With the assistance of AI,FEA,and 3 D printing technology,a personalized surgical plan and customized prosthesis were successfully constructed based on the patient’s disease.This approach achieved a successful therapeutic effect,demonstrating that AI-assisted personalized medicine holds great promise for the future.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51962006)the High-level Talents Research Initiation Project of JXUST(205200100545)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(20224BAB214029,20232BAB204021)。
文摘Up-conversion(UC)luminescent materials doped with Ln^(3+)ions possess excellent optical properties and extensive applications in the formulation of multifunctional fluorescence ink.Printing technology offers various methods for the preparation of UC fluorescent inks.This study introduced the optical properties of luminescent materials doped with Ln^(3+)ions,including luminescence characteristics and spectral characteristics,which provide a basis for the subsequent printing process.We also reviewed different printing techniques,including direct writing,screen printing,laser printing,inkjet printing,and aerosol jet printing(AJP),developed so far in the literature and explored the printing process of ink characteristics.However,the printing process of inks was explored and their potential for various applications was maximized.Therefore,the printing technology of UC fluorescent inks still faces challenges in different aspects.This review also points out the direction for future in-depth research,which is expected to promote further development and innovation in the field.
文摘In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.
文摘Founded in 2016,Zhejiang Haiyin Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.stands at the forefront of innovation as a certified China National High-Tech Enterprise,relentlessly advancing the boundaries of single-pass digital printing technology.Our crowning achievement—the revolutionary KUNR High-Speed Digital Printing System—earned China’s prestigious National First-in-Kind Certification.Engineered with 100%independent patents across mechanical,control,software,ink supply,and inks,we deliver tailored intelligent turnkey solutions that transform textile production dynamics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52325504,52235007,and T2121004).
文摘As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ regeneration.Curated by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable organs.We further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control measures.Finally,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275331 and 52205358)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4604800)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BAA011)the Hong Kong Scholars Program(XJ2022014).
文摘Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent electromagnetic materials.Conversely,electromagnetic metamaterials(EMMs),which are artificially engineered with distinctive electromagnetic properties,can overcome the limitations of natural materials owing to their structural advantages.Three-dimensional(3D)printing is the most effec-tive technique for fabricating EMM devices with different geometric parameters and associated proper-ties.However,conventional 3D-printed EMM devices may lack manufacturing flexibility and environmental adaptability to different physical stimuli,such as electric and magnetic fields.Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an ideal technique for schemes to integrate structural design with intelligent materials environmentally adaptive to external fields,for example,the printed components can change shape under electric stimulation.Given the rapid advancements in the EMM field,this paper first reviews typical EMM devices,their design theories,and underlying principles.Subsequently,it presents various EMM structural topologies and manufacturing technologies,emphasizing the feasibility of combining 3D and 4D printing.In addition,we highlight the important applications of EMMs and their future trends and the challenges associated with functional EMMs and additive manufacturing.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0470303)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4600102and 2023YFE0209900)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175201 and 51935012)the science and technology projects of Gansu province(22JR5RA093,24JRRA044,24YFFA014 and 24ZDGA014)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of YEDA(2021TD007)the special supporting project for provincial leading talents of Yantaithe Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on traditional thermal processing or direct ink writing three-dimensional(3D)printing.These methods are not conducive to manufacturing complex structures and present challenges such as time inefficiency,poor accuracy,and the necessity of multiple steps,significantly limiting SR applications.In this study,we developed an SR-based ink suitable for vat photopolymerization 3D printing using a multi-thiol monomer.This ink enables the one-step fabrication of complex architectures with high printing resolution at the micrometer scale,providing excellent mechanical strength and superior chemical stability.Specifically,the optimized 3D printing SR-20 exhibits a tensile stress of 1.96 MPa,an elongation at break of 487.9%,and an elastic modulus of 225.4 kPa.Additionally,the 3D-printed SR samples can withstand various solvents(acetone,toluene,and tetrahydrofuran)and endure temperatures ranging from-50℃ to 180℃,demonstrating superior stability.As a emonstration of the application,we successfully fabricated a series of SR-based soft pneumatic actuators and grippers in a single step with this technology,allowing for free assembly for the first time.This ultraviolet-curable SR,with high printing resolution and exceptional stability performance,has significant potential to enhance the capabilities of 3D printing for applications in soft actuators,robotics,flexible electronics,and medical devices.
文摘For more than 30 years,Hangzhou Honghua Digital Technology Stock Co.,Ltd(hereinafter also referred to as Atexco)has led digital inkjet innovation.From textiles to packaging and publishing,we deliver turnkey solutions that unite precision printers,high-performance inks,process know-how and AI-driven design—one ecosystem powering global industry upgrade with Chinese inkjet excellence.
基金Open access funding provided by Ben-Gurion University.
文摘The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach—integrating biomedical engineering,advanced materials science,and emergency medicine expertise—to develop a compact,durable,and user-friendly ampoule case.A key innovation lies in the strategic selection of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as the material,leveraging its superior impact resistance,flexibility,and noise-damping characteristics to ensure reliability under performance in demanding real-world conditions.To optimize the 3D printing process,key parameters,including printing temperature(220-250℃),volumetric flow rate(3-20 mm^(3)/s),retraction speed(30-90 mm/s),and retraction length(0.4-1.2 mm),were systematically adjusted using calibration models.The final optimized parameters(245℃,7 mm^(3)/s,90 mm/s,and 1.2 mm)reduced production time by 43%while preserving structural integrity.American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)international standard drop tests confirmed the case’s exceptional impact resistance,demonstrating a 90%reduction in ampoule breakage compared to polylactic acid plus.Further refinements,guided by feedback from 25 emergency professionals,resulted in medicationspecific color coding and an enhanced locking mechanism for usability in high-pressure situations.The final SafeAmpCase model withstood 18 consecutive drop trials without ampoule breakage,confirming its robustness in field conditions.This research underscores the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in developing customized,high-performance solutions for critical healthcare applications,setting a new benchmark for biomedical device design and rapid prototyping.
基金financially National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075209 and 51925503)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei province of China(No.2022CFA066)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2021QNRC001)。
文摘Multi-material 3D fabrication at the nanoscale has been a long-sought goal in additive manufacturing,with great potential for the direct construction of functional micro/nanosystems rather than just arbitrary 3D structures.To achieve this goal,researchers have introduced several nanoscale 3D printing principles,explored various multi-material switching and combination strategies,and demonstrated their potential applications in 3D integrated circuits,optoelectronics,biological devices,micro/nanorobots,etc.Although some progress has been made,it is still at the primary stage,and a serious breakthrough is needed to directly construct functional micro/nano systems.In this perspective,the development,current status and prospects of multi-material 3D nanoprinting are presented.We envision that this 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions and make significant contributions to various technologies and industries in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2055),Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(No.21JCQNJC01280)Tianjin Key R&D Program Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation Project(No.22YFXTHZ00120).
文摘The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step femtosecond laser treatment to improve the surface conditions and osteointegration.The surface characterization,mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,and biological responses were investigated.These results found that femtosecond laser eliminated defects like embedded powders and superficial cracks while forming the nano cones-like structures surface on 3DPT,leading to enhanced osseointegration,anti-corrosion,and anti-fatigue performance.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the ablation removal mechanism and the formation of nano cone-like structures.These findings were further supported by the in vivo studies,showing that the FS-treated implants had superior bone-implant contact and osseointegration.Hence,the one-step femtosecond laser method is regarded as a promising surface modification method for improving the functional performance of Ti-based orthopedic implants.
