Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmenta...Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehe...BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.展开更多
1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”o...1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”or“injury prevention”are likely to grab the readers’attention.Meanwhile,studies on injury prevention might assess the impact of interventions on mitigating injury risk factors(e.g.,strength,range of motion(ROM))but fail to report injury data(e.g.,incidence).1,2 Likewise,observational studies may include“injury risk”in their titles,but fail to provide injury data.3 Without injury data.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and...This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing on shoulder dystocia. Methods: A total of 82 high-risk pregnant women with shoulder dystocia admi...Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing on shoulder dystocia. Methods: A total of 82 high-risk pregnant women with shoulder dystocia admitted for childbirth from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected and equally divided using a random number table. The experimental group received shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing, while the reference group received routine midwifery care. Indicators such as the preventive effect on shoulder dystocia were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of shoulder dystocia in the experimental group was lower than that in the reference group, the duration of labor was shorter, the amount of intra-partum bleeding was less, the incidence of adverse delivery outcomes was lower, and the score for fear of childbirth after intervention was lower than that in the reference group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing for high-risk pregnant women with shoulder dystocia can prevent shoulder dystocia and other adverse delivery outcomes, shorten the duration of labor, reduce intra-partum bleeding, and alleviate pregnant women’s fear of childbirth, demonstrating high nursing value.展开更多
Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,socia...Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,social,and security issues,such as identity theft,the dissemination of false information,and privacy violations.This study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of several methods for identifying and circumventing Deepfakes,with a particular focus on image-based Deepfakes.There are three main types of detection methods:classical,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)-based,and hybrid methods.There are three main types of preventative methods:technical,legal,and moral.The study investigates the effectiveness of several detection approaches,such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs),frequency domain analysis,and hybrid CNN-LSTM models,focusing on the respective advantages and disadvantages of each method.We also look at new technologies like Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)and blockchain-based frameworks.The essay looks at the use of algorithmic protocols,watermarking,and blockchain-based content verification as possible ways to stop certain things from happening.Recent advancements,including adversarial training and anti-Deepfake data generation,are essential because of their potential to alleviate rising concerns.This reviewshows that there aremajor problems,such as the difficulty of improving the capabilities of existing systems,the high running expenses,and the risk of being attacked by enemies.It stresses the importance of working together across fields,including academia,business,and government,to create robust,scalable,and ethical solutions.Themain goals of futurework should be to create lightweight,real-timedetection systems,connect them to large language models(LLMs),and put in place worldwide regulatory frameworks.This essay argues for a complete and varied plan to keep digital information real and build confidence in a time when media is driven by artificial intelligence.It uses both technical and non-technical means.展开更多
Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the...Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.展开更多
To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public i...To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public is constructed.The operation period is divided into different stages for differentiated analysis.A simulation analysis was performed on the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway to assess the impact of variations in critical elements on the system.The results indicate that the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway is currently in its early stage of development,with the corresponding strategies being active regulation,excessive emissions,and supervision.When the cost of the government’s active regulation decreases from 1×10^(5) to 5×10^(4) yuan,the system converges more rapidly toward the active regulation strategy.When the cost of the operator’s excessive emissions increases from 14.08×10^(6) to 20.00×10^(6) yuan,the system drives the operator toward the standardized emission strategy.In addition,when the cost of public supervision decreases from 15×10^(4) to 5×10^(4) yuan and the compensation paid by operators to the public increases from 1.288×10^(6) to 2.576×10^(6) yuan,the system converges more quickly toward the supervision strategy.The cost of the operator’s excessive emissions serves as the core decision variable for achieving the ideal equilibrium in the three-party game involving government active regulation,operator standardized emissions,and public supervision.展开更多
Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent meta...Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.展开更多
In 1999,China released its first edition of the“Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension”,which was subsequently updated in 2005,2010,and 2018,establishing a diagnostic,assessment,grading,stratifi...In 1999,China released its first edition of the“Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension”,which was subsequently updated in 2005,2010,and 2018,establishing a diagnostic,assessment,grading,stratification,prevention,intervention,and management framework for hypertension tailored to the unique characteristics of the Chinese population.Over the past two decades,these guidelines have been widely implemented in clinical practice across China and have played a significant role in the management of hypertension and chronic diseases,the development of grassroots guidelines,the formulation of clinical pathways,and the implementation of health insurance policies.展开更多
To investigate the effect of saturation on the storage-dissipation properties and failure characteristics of red sandstone,as well as the energy mechanism of rockburst prevention by water,a series of uniaxial compress...To investigate the effect of saturation on the storage-dissipation properties and failure characteristics of red sandstone,as well as the energy mechanism of rockburst prevention by water,a series of uniaxial compression and uniaxial loading–unloading tests were conducted under five saturation levels.The effect of saturation on the mechanical properties and elastic energy density was analyzed,and a method for obtaining peak energy density was proposed.The effect of saturation on the energy evolution was examined,and the energy mechanism of water in preventing rockburst was revealed.The results indicate that an increase in saturation of red sandstone decreases the input energy density,elastic energy density,dissipated energy density,peak strength and peak strain;the compaction phase of the stress–strain curve becomes shorter;the failure mode transitions from X-conjugate oblique shear to single oblique shear;the variation in the debris ejection trajectory is as follows:radiation→X-ray→oblique upward parabola→horizontal parabola→oblique downward parabola;the degree of failure intensity and fragmentation is decreased gradually.Elastic energy density is interconnected with both saturation and stress but independent of the loading path.Saturation exhibits a dual effect on the energy storage property,i.e.,increasing saturation increases the energy storage efficiency and reduces the energy storage capacity.The ratio of peak elastic energy density to peak input energy density remains constant irrespective of saturation levels.Water prevents rockburst by decreasing the energy storage capacity of surrounding rock,alleviating the stress of surrounding rock to reduce energy storage,and elevating the energy release threshold of high-energy surrounding rock.The findings of this study contribute to understanding the effect of water on rock failure from an energy perspective,as well as provide theoretical guidance for rockburst prevention by water in deep tunnels.展开更多
Preventive maintenance(PM)enhances the reliability of an ultra-high-voltage DC(UHVDC)line.However,it introduces new states and complicates the task of determining the reliability parameters of the component with PM.Th...Preventive maintenance(PM)enhances the reliability of an ultra-high-voltage DC(UHVDC)line.However,it introduces new states and complicates the task of determining the reliability parameters of the component with PM.The hierarchical connection(HC)of the inverter improves the flexibility of UHVDC,but the state spaces of the inverter and UHVDC-HC are determined by capacity distribution between the high terminal(HT)and low terminal(LT),which has not been studied yet.In this paper,the reliability of UHVDC-HC with the PM is studied.First,with the impact of PM described by a nonlinear coefficient,the state space of the components with PM is aggregated.It is the same size as without PM.The only difference is the transition rate.Second,considering power distribution between the HT/LT and its dependence on the state of the rectifier,new capacity levels of HT/LT,e.g.,75%/2,50%/3,are defined.Third,with capacity levels of the HT/LT differentiated,2 existing reliability indices are extended,and 2 are newly defined.Finally,a sensitivity model of the reliability of the UHVDC-HC to its parameters and the PM period is proposed.展开更多
Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Objective Alzheimer’s disease(AD)presents a significant global health challenge with a steadily increasing prevalence and impact.This comprehensive review aimed to delve into the epidemiology,pathophysiology,pharmaco...Objective Alzheimer’s disease(AD)presents a significant global health challenge with a steadily increasing prevalence and impact.This comprehensive review aimed to delve into the epidemiology,pathophysiology,pharmacological therapies,emerging research,challenges,and future directions of AD.Major findings from recent studies were synthesised,encompassing insights into the global prevalence,molecular pathology,high-risk factors,and therapeutic interventions,including cholinesterase inhibitors,glutamate receptor antagonists,and antibodies against Aβand tau proteins.Additionally,emerging research areas such as gene therapy and lipid nanoparticles were highlighted.This review emphasised the urgent need for ongoing research on novel therapeutic avenues and addressing the challenges in AD diagnosis,treatment,and care.Future perspectives underscore the potential of disease-modifying treatments,personalised medical approaches,and holistic interventions to alleviate the growing burden of AD on individuals,families,and healthcare systems worldwide.By fostering collaboration and innovation,we can strive towards a future where effective prevention,early detection,and personalised treatments enhance the lives of millions affected by AD globally.展开更多
The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created a...The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created at present.Modern endoscopic and morphological methods of verification of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa have been introduced into the practice of gastroenterologists and oncologists.GC risk stratification systems allow the formation of risk groups that require population screening.Practical hints for population serological screening of atrophic gastritis,endoscopic and morphological verification of precancerous changes and diseases of the stomach recommend using it:When developing state programs for the prevention of stomach cancer;when implementing preventive measures for stomach cancer by doctors of all specialties;the authors also offer the possibility of use by anyone over the age of 40,provided that they seek methodological help from their doctor;in the work of health schools in any medical and preventive institutions.The use of an assessment system of certain risk factor signatures with prognostic value would add significant assistance to preventive measures against GC.展开更多
Cancer is a leading cause of death in China,and its epidemiological profile has shifted markedly in recent years.This review summarizes contemporary trends in cancer incidence and mortality,delineates the major modifi...Cancer is a leading cause of death in China,and its epidemiological profile has shifted markedly in recent years.This review summarizes contemporary trends in cancer incidence and mortality,delineates the major modifiable risk factors,and highlights recent national efforts to ease the burden of cancer.In 2022,China recorded 4.8 million new cancer cases(crude rate:341.7 per 100,000)and 2.5 million cancer deaths(182.3 per 100,000).Lung,colorectal,thyroid,liver,stomach,and female breast cancers accounted for 65%of all diagnoses,while lung,liver,stomach,colorectal,and esophageal cancers constituted 67.5%of cancer deaths.Notable shifts in sex-specific rankings underscored the rising mortality burden of prostate,female breast,and cervical cancers.China has made measurable progress in cancer control.Between 2000 and 2018,the age-standardized mortality rate for all cancers declined by approximately 1.3%annually,and the age-standardized 5-year relative survival improved from 30.9%in 2003-2005 to 43.7%in 2019-2021.According to Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2023,nearly half of cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were attributable to modifiable risk factors such as tobacco,air pollution,high alcohol use,dietary risks,and unsafe sex.In response,the government has implemented a suite of prevention-oriented policies,including expansion of human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,strengthened tobacco control,sustained air pollution reduction,enhanced health education,and broadened cancer screening coverage.Collectively,these initiatives demonstrate a sustained national commitment to reducing the cancer burden.展开更多
Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting surging attention due to their potential applications in human health monitoring and precision therapies.Safety hazards including strong magnetic field and electric lea...Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting surging attention due to their potential applications in human health monitoring and precision therapies.Safety hazards including strong magnetic field and electric leakage are big risk factors for human health.It remains challenging to develop self‐powered and wearable safety hazard sensors that could not only be able to monitor human motions but also have functions for detecting potential hazards.In this work,we fabricated a self‐powered,shapeable,and wearable magnetic triboelectric nanogenerator(MTENG)based on ferrofluid,Ecoflex,and carbonized silk fabric that possessed effective hazard prevention and biomechanical motion sensing ability.A peak open‐circuit voltage of 0.7 V and short‐circuit current of 10μA m^(−2)can be achieved when magnetic field is changed between 3.5 and 37.1 mT.As a component of triboelectric layer of the MTENG,ferrofluid can substantially extend the range of its sensing capabilities to many hazardous cues such as dangerous magnetic field.Furtherly,the developed multifunctional and self‐powered sensor can be used to monitor human activities such as drinking water and bending finger.This effort opens up a new design opportunity for hazard avoidance wearable electronics and self‐powered sensors.展开更多
With the depletion of shallow mineral resources,mining operations are extending to greater depths and larger scales,increasing the risk of water inrush disasters,particularly from confined aquifers intersected by faul...With the depletion of shallow mineral resources,mining operations are extending to greater depths and larger scales,increasing the risk of water inrush disasters,particularly from confined aquifers intersected by faults.This paper reviews the current state of research on fault-induced water inrushes in mining faces,examining the damage characteristics and permeability of fractured floor rock,the mechanical behavior of faults under mining stress,and the mechanisms driving water inrush.Advances in prevention technologies,risk assessment,and prediction methods are also summarized.Research shows that damage evolution in fractured floor rock,coupled with fluid-solid interactions,provides the primary pathways for water inrush.Stress-seepage coupling in porous media plays a decisive role in determining inrush potential.Mining-induced stress redistribution can activate faults,with parameters such as dip angle and internal friction angle controlling stress evolution and slip.Critical triggers include the hydraulic connectivity among faults,aquifers,and mining-induced fracture networks,followed by hydraulic erosion.A multi-pronged prevention framework has been developed,integrating precise fault detection,targeted grouting for water sealing,drainage to reduce water pressure,optimized waterproof coal pillar design,and dynamic risk assessment and prediction.However,gaps remain in understanding multi-physical field coupling under deep mining conditions,establishing quantitative criteria for fault activation-induced water inrush,and refining control technologies.Future work should focus on multi-scale numerical simulations,advanced active control measures,and intelligent,integrated prevention systems to clarify the mechanisms of fault-induced water inrush and enhance theoretical and technical support for mine safety.展开更多
Aiming at reducing the dust pollution during the tunneling process and improving the application efficiency of air curtain dust prevention technology,according to the changes of radial jet velocity(v_(r)),axial extrac...Aiming at reducing the dust pollution during the tunneling process and improving the application efficiency of air curtain dust prevention technology,according to the changes of radial jet velocity(v_(r)),axial extraction velocity(v_(e))and extraction distance(L)in the formation process of air curtain,the numerical simulation method was used to analyze the rules of airflow structure evolution and the diffusion characteristics of dust particles in fully mechanized excavation tunnel.The results indicate that as v_(r) and v_(e) increase,the migration path of the wall jet of the air curtain changes into an axial direction;as L decreases,the migration distance increases accordingly.These phenomena make the airflow distribution in the working face tends to be uniform.The dust diffusion distance reduces as well,wherein,the range of the discrete area of dust particles decreases sharply,until all dust particles are concentrated in the accumulation area.On this basis,the v_(r),v_(e) and L were optimized and applied in the 63_(up) 08 fully mechanized working face.By the application of the optimal parameters,the average dust removal efficiency at the driver’s position increased by 71%.The dust concentration was reduced and the working environment had been improved effectively.展开更多
The integration of a large number of power electronic converters,such as railway power conditioner(RPC),introduces a series of problems,including harmonic interaction,stability issues,and wideband resonance,into the r...The integration of a large number of power electronic converters,such as railway power conditioner(RPC),introduces a series of problems,including harmonic interaction,stability issues,and wideband resonance,into the railway power supply system.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel harmonic resonance prevention measure for RPC-network-train interaction system.Firstly,a harmonic model,a parallel resonance impedance model,a series resonance admittance model,and a control stability model are each established for the RPC-network-train interaction system.Secondly,a comprehensive resonance impact factor(CRIF)is proposed to efficiently and accurately identify the key components affecting resonance,and to provide the selection results of optimization parameters for resonance prevention.Next,the initially selected parameters are constrained by the requirements of ripple current,reactive power and stability.Subsequently,the impedance parameters(control parameters and filter parameters)of the RPC are optimized with the objective of reshaping the parallel resonance impedance and series resonance admittance of the RPC-network-train interaction system,ensuring the output current har-monics of RPC meet standards to achieve resonance prevention,while ensuring the stable operation of the RPC.Finally,the proposed resonance prevention measure is verified under both light load and heavy load conditions using a simulation platform and a hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform.展开更多
文摘Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.
基金Centre of Research,Education,Innovation,and Intervention in Sport(CIFI2D)is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,under the DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05913/2020。
文摘1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”or“injury prevention”are likely to grab the readers’attention.Meanwhile,studies on injury prevention might assess the impact of interventions on mitigating injury risk factors(e.g.,strength,range of motion(ROM))but fail to report injury data(e.g.,incidence).1,2 Likewise,observational studies may include“injury risk”in their titles,but fail to provide injury data.3 Without injury data.
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing on shoulder dystocia. Methods: A total of 82 high-risk pregnant women with shoulder dystocia admitted for childbirth from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected and equally divided using a random number table. The experimental group received shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing, while the reference group received routine midwifery care. Indicators such as the preventive effect on shoulder dystocia were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of shoulder dystocia in the experimental group was lower than that in the reference group, the duration of labor was shorter, the amount of intra-partum bleeding was less, the incidence of adverse delivery outcomes was lower, and the score for fear of childbirth after intervention was lower than that in the reference group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing shoulder dystocia midwifery techniques combined with predictive nursing for high-risk pregnant women with shoulder dystocia can prevent shoulder dystocia and other adverse delivery outcomes, shorten the duration of labor, reduce intra-partum bleeding, and alleviate pregnant women’s fear of childbirth, demonstrating high nursing value.
基金funded by the Arab Open University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,social,and security issues,such as identity theft,the dissemination of false information,and privacy violations.This study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of several methods for identifying and circumventing Deepfakes,with a particular focus on image-based Deepfakes.There are three main types of detection methods:classical,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)-based,and hybrid methods.There are three main types of preventative methods:technical,legal,and moral.The study investigates the effectiveness of several detection approaches,such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs),frequency domain analysis,and hybrid CNN-LSTM models,focusing on the respective advantages and disadvantages of each method.We also look at new technologies like Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)and blockchain-based frameworks.The essay looks at the use of algorithmic protocols,watermarking,and blockchain-based content verification as possible ways to stop certain things from happening.Recent advancements,including adversarial training and anti-Deepfake data generation,are essential because of their potential to alleviate rising concerns.This reviewshows that there aremajor problems,such as the difficulty of improving the capabilities of existing systems,the high running expenses,and the risk of being attacked by enemies.It stresses the importance of working together across fields,including academia,business,and government,to create robust,scalable,and ethical solutions.Themain goals of futurework should be to create lightweight,real-timedetection systems,connect them to large language models(LLMs),and put in place worldwide regulatory frameworks.This essay argues for a complete and varied plan to keep digital information real and build confidence in a time when media is driven by artificial intelligence.It uses both technical and non-technical means.
文摘Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023E011)Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment in Changsha University of Science and Technology(No.kfj230105).
文摘To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public is constructed.The operation period is divided into different stages for differentiated analysis.A simulation analysis was performed on the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway to assess the impact of variations in critical elements on the system.The results indicate that the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway is currently in its early stage of development,with the corresponding strategies being active regulation,excessive emissions,and supervision.When the cost of the government’s active regulation decreases from 1×10^(5) to 5×10^(4) yuan,the system converges more rapidly toward the active regulation strategy.When the cost of the operator’s excessive emissions increases from 14.08×10^(6) to 20.00×10^(6) yuan,the system drives the operator toward the standardized emission strategy.In addition,when the cost of public supervision decreases from 15×10^(4) to 5×10^(4) yuan and the compensation paid by operators to the public increases from 1.288×10^(6) to 2.576×10^(6) yuan,the system converges more quickly toward the supervision strategy.The cost of the operator’s excessive emissions serves as the core decision variable for achieving the ideal equilibrium in the three-party game involving government active regulation,operator standardized emissions,and public supervision.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4005000)the Joint Fund of Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLF-2023-04)+3 种基金Dalian Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Plan(2022RY09)Innovation Research Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202318)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478384)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.
文摘In 1999,China released its first edition of the“Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension”,which was subsequently updated in 2005,2010,and 2018,establishing a diagnostic,assessment,grading,stratification,prevention,intervention,and management framework for hypertension tailored to the unique characteristics of the Chinese population.Over the past two decades,these guidelines have been widely implemented in clinical practice across China and have played a significant role in the management of hypertension and chronic diseases,the development of grassroots guidelines,the formulation of clinical pathways,and the implementation of health insurance policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104133,52304227)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40465,2023JJ40548)the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines(SKLMRDPC20KF03).
文摘To investigate the effect of saturation on the storage-dissipation properties and failure characteristics of red sandstone,as well as the energy mechanism of rockburst prevention by water,a series of uniaxial compression and uniaxial loading–unloading tests were conducted under five saturation levels.The effect of saturation on the mechanical properties and elastic energy density was analyzed,and a method for obtaining peak energy density was proposed.The effect of saturation on the energy evolution was examined,and the energy mechanism of water in preventing rockburst was revealed.The results indicate that an increase in saturation of red sandstone decreases the input energy density,elastic energy density,dissipated energy density,peak strength and peak strain;the compaction phase of the stress–strain curve becomes shorter;the failure mode transitions from X-conjugate oblique shear to single oblique shear;the variation in the debris ejection trajectory is as follows:radiation→X-ray→oblique upward parabola→horizontal parabola→oblique downward parabola;the degree of failure intensity and fragmentation is decreased gradually.Elastic energy density is interconnected with both saturation and stress but independent of the loading path.Saturation exhibits a dual effect on the energy storage property,i.e.,increasing saturation increases the energy storage efficiency and reduces the energy storage capacity.The ratio of peak elastic energy density to peak input energy density remains constant irrespective of saturation levels.Water prevents rockburst by decreasing the energy storage capacity of surrounding rock,alleviating the stress of surrounding rock to reduce energy storage,and elevating the energy release threshold of high-energy surrounding rock.The findings of this study contribute to understanding the effect of water on rock failure from an energy perspective,as well as provide theoretical guidance for rockburst prevention by water in deep tunnels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877061).
文摘Preventive maintenance(PM)enhances the reliability of an ultra-high-voltage DC(UHVDC)line.However,it introduces new states and complicates the task of determining the reliability parameters of the component with PM.The hierarchical connection(HC)of the inverter improves the flexibility of UHVDC,but the state spaces of the inverter and UHVDC-HC are determined by capacity distribution between the high terminal(HT)and low terminal(LT),which has not been studied yet.In this paper,the reliability of UHVDC-HC with the PM is studied.First,with the impact of PM described by a nonlinear coefficient,the state space of the components with PM is aggregated.It is the same size as without PM.The only difference is the transition rate.Second,considering power distribution between the HT/LT and its dependence on the state of the rectifier,new capacity levels of HT/LT,e.g.,75%/2,50%/3,are defined.Third,with capacity levels of the HT/LT differentiated,2 existing reliability indices are extended,and 2 are newly defined.Finally,a sensitivity model of the reliability of the UHVDC-HC to its parameters and the PM period is proposed.
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
文摘Objective Alzheimer’s disease(AD)presents a significant global health challenge with a steadily increasing prevalence and impact.This comprehensive review aimed to delve into the epidemiology,pathophysiology,pharmacological therapies,emerging research,challenges,and future directions of AD.Major findings from recent studies were synthesised,encompassing insights into the global prevalence,molecular pathology,high-risk factors,and therapeutic interventions,including cholinesterase inhibitors,glutamate receptor antagonists,and antibodies against Aβand tau proteins.Additionally,emerging research areas such as gene therapy and lipid nanoparticles were highlighted.This review emphasised the urgent need for ongoing research on novel therapeutic avenues and addressing the challenges in AD diagnosis,treatment,and care.Future perspectives underscore the potential of disease-modifying treatments,personalised medical approaches,and holistic interventions to alleviate the growing burden of AD on individuals,families,and healthcare systems worldwide.By fostering collaboration and innovation,we can strive towards a future where effective prevention,early detection,and personalised treatments enhance the lives of millions affected by AD globally.
文摘The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created at present.Modern endoscopic and morphological methods of verification of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa have been introduced into the practice of gastroenterologists and oncologists.GC risk stratification systems allow the formation of risk groups that require population screening.Practical hints for population serological screening of atrophic gastritis,endoscopic and morphological verification of precancerous changes and diseases of the stomach recommend using it:When developing state programs for the prevention of stomach cancer;when implementing preventive measures for stomach cancer by doctors of all specialties;the authors also offer the possibility of use by anyone over the age of 40,provided that they seek methodological help from their doctor;in the work of health schools in any medical and preventive institutions.The use of an assessment system of certain risk factor signatures with prognostic value would add significant assistance to preventive measures against GC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404342 and No.82273721)Chronic Disease Management Research Project of National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center(No.GWJJMB202510022137)。
文摘Cancer is a leading cause of death in China,and its epidemiological profile has shifted markedly in recent years.This review summarizes contemporary trends in cancer incidence and mortality,delineates the major modifiable risk factors,and highlights recent national efforts to ease the burden of cancer.In 2022,China recorded 4.8 million new cancer cases(crude rate:341.7 per 100,000)and 2.5 million cancer deaths(182.3 per 100,000).Lung,colorectal,thyroid,liver,stomach,and female breast cancers accounted for 65%of all diagnoses,while lung,liver,stomach,colorectal,and esophageal cancers constituted 67.5%of cancer deaths.Notable shifts in sex-specific rankings underscored the rising mortality burden of prostate,female breast,and cervical cancers.China has made measurable progress in cancer control.Between 2000 and 2018,the age-standardized mortality rate for all cancers declined by approximately 1.3%annually,and the age-standardized 5-year relative survival improved from 30.9%in 2003-2005 to 43.7%in 2019-2021.According to Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2023,nearly half of cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were attributable to modifiable risk factors such as tobacco,air pollution,high alcohol use,dietary risks,and unsafe sex.In response,the government has implemented a suite of prevention-oriented policies,including expansion of human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,strengthened tobacco control,sustained air pollution reduction,enhanced health education,and broadened cancer screening coverage.Collectively,these initiatives demonstrate a sustained national commitment to reducing the cancer burden.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125201)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z240025)and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology(No.Z221100002722015).
文摘Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting surging attention due to their potential applications in human health monitoring and precision therapies.Safety hazards including strong magnetic field and electric leakage are big risk factors for human health.It remains challenging to develop self‐powered and wearable safety hazard sensors that could not only be able to monitor human motions but also have functions for detecting potential hazards.In this work,we fabricated a self‐powered,shapeable,and wearable magnetic triboelectric nanogenerator(MTENG)based on ferrofluid,Ecoflex,and carbonized silk fabric that possessed effective hazard prevention and biomechanical motion sensing ability.A peak open‐circuit voltage of 0.7 V and short‐circuit current of 10μA m^(−2)can be achieved when magnetic field is changed between 3.5 and 37.1 mT.As a component of triboelectric layer of the MTENG,ferrofluid can substantially extend the range of its sensing capabilities to many hazardous cues such as dangerous magnetic field.Furtherly,the developed multifunctional and self‐powered sensor can be used to monitor human activities such as drinking water and bending finger.This effort opens up a new design opportunity for hazard avoidance wearable electronics and self‐powered sensors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421246)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004082,U24B2041,52174073,52274079)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(251111320400)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT021)the Program for the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Henan Province(23IRTSTHN005).
文摘With the depletion of shallow mineral resources,mining operations are extending to greater depths and larger scales,increasing the risk of water inrush disasters,particularly from confined aquifers intersected by faults.This paper reviews the current state of research on fault-induced water inrushes in mining faces,examining the damage characteristics and permeability of fractured floor rock,the mechanical behavior of faults under mining stress,and the mechanisms driving water inrush.Advances in prevention technologies,risk assessment,and prediction methods are also summarized.Research shows that damage evolution in fractured floor rock,coupled with fluid-solid interactions,provides the primary pathways for water inrush.Stress-seepage coupling in porous media plays a decisive role in determining inrush potential.Mining-induced stress redistribution can activate faults,with parameters such as dip angle and internal friction angle controlling stress evolution and slip.Critical triggers include the hydraulic connectivity among faults,aquifers,and mining-induced fracture networks,followed by hydraulic erosion.A multi-pronged prevention framework has been developed,integrating precise fault detection,targeted grouting for water sealing,drainage to reduce water pressure,optimized waterproof coal pillar design,and dynamic risk assessment and prediction.However,gaps remain in understanding multi-physical field coupling under deep mining conditions,establishing quantitative criteria for fault activation-induced water inrush,and refining control technologies.Future work should focus on multi-scale numerical simulations,advanced active control measures,and intelligent,integrated prevention systems to clarify the mechanisms of fault-induced water inrush and enhance theoretical and technical support for mine safety.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QE124,ZR2023ME031 and ZR2023ME012)Innovation Achievement Cultivation Project of Qingdao University of Technology(CLZ2022-002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404222 and 52374209).
文摘Aiming at reducing the dust pollution during the tunneling process and improving the application efficiency of air curtain dust prevention technology,according to the changes of radial jet velocity(v_(r)),axial extraction velocity(v_(e))and extraction distance(L)in the formation process of air curtain,the numerical simulation method was used to analyze the rules of airflow structure evolution and the diffusion characteristics of dust particles in fully mechanized excavation tunnel.The results indicate that as v_(r) and v_(e) increase,the migration path of the wall jet of the air curtain changes into an axial direction;as L decreases,the migration distance increases accordingly.These phenomena make the airflow distribution in the working face tends to be uniform.The dust diffusion distance reduces as well,wherein,the range of the discrete area of dust particles decreases sharply,until all dust particles are concentrated in the accumulation area.On this basis,the v_(r),v_(e) and L were optimized and applied in the 63_(up) 08 fully mechanized working face.By the application of the optimal parameters,the average dust removal efficiency at the driver’s position increased by 71%.The dust concentration was reduced and the working environment had been improved effectively.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52277126.
文摘The integration of a large number of power electronic converters,such as railway power conditioner(RPC),introduces a series of problems,including harmonic interaction,stability issues,and wideband resonance,into the railway power supply system.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel harmonic resonance prevention measure for RPC-network-train interaction system.Firstly,a harmonic model,a parallel resonance impedance model,a series resonance admittance model,and a control stability model are each established for the RPC-network-train interaction system.Secondly,a comprehensive resonance impact factor(CRIF)is proposed to efficiently and accurately identify the key components affecting resonance,and to provide the selection results of optimization parameters for resonance prevention.Next,the initially selected parameters are constrained by the requirements of ripple current,reactive power and stability.Subsequently,the impedance parameters(control parameters and filter parameters)of the RPC are optimized with the objective of reshaping the parallel resonance impedance and series resonance admittance of the RPC-network-train interaction system,ensuring the output current har-monics of RPC meet standards to achieve resonance prevention,while ensuring the stable operation of the RPC.Finally,the proposed resonance prevention measure is verified under both light load and heavy load conditions using a simulation platform and a hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform.
