The electroacupuncture(EA)being delivered to“Zusanli-Sanyinjiao”acupomts reduced a pressor-tachycardia effect,this effect still remained(nearly unchanged)after decerebration between superior and inferior colliculus,...The electroacupuncture(EA)being delivered to“Zusanli-Sanyinjiao”acupomts reduced a pressor-tachycardia effect,this effect still remained(nearly unchanged)after decerebration between superior and inferior colliculus,indicating that the essential cen-tets of EA-pressor effect(EA-PE)are located in lower brain stem.The EA-PE could be at-tenuated by preinjection of atropine or phentolamine bilaterally into rostral ventrolateralmedulla(RVL)(but was not significantly influenced by propranolol or haloperidol).Elec-trolytic lesions of bilateral nucleus parabrachialis(NPB),reduced the EA-PE,while lesionof the area postrema did not.Taken together with our previous results that lesions of bilateral locus coeruleus(LC)also remarkably decreased the EA-PE,α-adrenoceptors in RVL mediated NPB-pressor re-sponse,and both α-adrenoceptors,M-cholinoceptors are involved in LC-pressor response:the present results indicate that activation of NPB-RVL(α-receplor)and LC-RVL(α-and Mreceptor)pressor system by EA is the essential central mechanism underlying EA-PE.展开更多
In urethane-anesthetized,curare-immobilized,and artificially ventilatedrats,bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine(i.v.)attenuated the pressor and tachycardiaresponses to electroacupuncture(EA),but markedly reduced t...In urethane-anesthetized,curare-immobilized,and artificially ventilatedrats,bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine(i.v.)attenuated the pressor and tachycardiaresponses to electroacupuncture(EA),but markedly reduced the EA-tachycardia effect.Onthe contrary,the EA-pressor effect was remarkably decreased by phentolamine(i,v.).whilethe tacbycardia effect of EA was not.Similar results were obtained under chloral hydrate(instead of urethane)anesthesia.It is suggested that besides the excitation of the sympa-thetic vasoconstrictor nerve the inhibition of the cardiac vagus nerve also contributes to theEA-pressor effect,and both the cardiac vagus and cardiac sympathetic nerves are responsiblefor the tachycardia response to EA.展开更多
Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with...Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with more commonly consumed substances, 30 adult males (Mage = 22.4 years) were exposed to a cold pressor test and pain responsivity was assessed both before and after consuming either an 8% sucrose solution, water, or nothing. Between-groups comparisons revealed that relative to the Sucrose or Nothing groups, the Water group showed increased pain tolerance. Neither pain thresholds nor ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale differed among groups. The results support previous findings in both humans and animals that the palatability or hedonic value of food or drink may be the key predictor of its analgesic effect.展开更多
Introduction: Laryngoscopic intubation is an insertion of endotracheal tube into the trachea for maintenance of airway during general anesthesia. Smooth intubation requires attenuation of pressor responses and mainten...Introduction: Laryngoscopic intubation is an insertion of endotracheal tube into the trachea for maintenance of airway during general anesthesia. Smooth intubation requires attenuation of pressor responses and maintenance of baseline hemodynamic stability. The primary outcome of this study is to compare intravenous fentanyl and lidocaine as an anesthetics adjuvant on attenuation of hemodynamic pressor responses to Laryngoscopic intubation in elective surgical adult patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruits 114 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube intubation. The study was conducted from January 1, 2018 to March 30, 2018. Systemic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Those patients that received intravenous fentanyl 2 micrograms per kilogram three minutes before intubation as an anesthetics adjuvant are considered as Fentanyl-group (group F). The Lidocaine-group (group L) was those patients who receive 2% intravenous lidocaine 1.5 milligrams per kilogram three minutes before intubation as anesthetics adjuvant. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) and other variables were documented starting from 3 minutes before intubation to 5 minutes after intubation. Results: The mean heart rate at first minute after intubation was significantly lower in fentanyl group (98.91 ± 15.6 beats per minute (bpm)) compared to lidocaine (107 ± 15.45 bpm), t (112) = 2.8, p = 0.006. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly lower in fentanyl group (141.9 ± 18.9 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)) compared to lidocaine (150 ± 18.098 mmHg), t (112) = 2.45, p = 0.016 at first minute after intubation. At third minute after intubation, heart rate was significantly lower in fentanyl group compared to lidocaine, t (112), p = 0.037. No difference was in heart rate and blood pressure among the group at 5th minute after intubation (p > 0.05). Conclusion and Recommendations: Fentanyl was better on attenuation of hemodynamic pressor responses to laryngoscopic intubation when compared to lidocaine. Therefore, using fentanyl pre-operatively to attenuate pressor responses especially during intubation is important.展开更多
In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In...In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In the optical terminal, the temporal and spatial effects of mismatched multigrating tiled compressor on the far-field pulse are critical factors to be analysed. In this paper, a k-space raytracing model is proposed for the temporal and spatial analyses of possible errors in a four-grating single-pass tiled compressor. The results show that the last grating affects mainly the partial focal spot, while the middle two gratings affect the temporal waveform, and the partial focal spot needs much higher error control than that in the temporal domain in a picosecond pulse compression.展开更多
We hypothesised a 10 minute mindfulness based intervention performed by a novice therapist would have a beneficial effect on pain responses in naive participants. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to the...We hypothesised a 10 minute mindfulness based intervention performed by a novice therapist would have a beneficial effect on pain responses in naive participants. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to the control group or mindfulness meditation group. The control group sat quietly for 10 minutes in between two cold pressor tasks. The mindfulness meditation intervention group practiced 10 minutes of mindfulness meditation in between cold-pressor tasks following standardised mindfulness of breathing meditation technique instructions provided by a male investigator. A significant interaction effect was found between anxiety towards pain ratings (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 6.29, p = 0.02). There was a significant decrease (t = 4.07, p = 0.002) in anxiety towards pain ratings in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention. A significant interaction effect was found between pain threshold times (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 18.45, p 0.001) in pain threshold times in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention. A significant interaction effect was found between pain tolerance times (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 18.34, p < 0.001). A significant increase (t = -4.20, p = 0.001) in pain tolerance times in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention was also found. The results suggest a single 10 minute mindfulness meditation intervention administered by a novice therapist can improve pain tolerance, pain threshold and decrease anxiety towards pain in na?ve healthy university aged individuals.展开更多
It has been reported that stimulation of hypothalamic defence area (HDA) led to the increased release of central NA and other monoamine neurotransmitters,
H. C. Chang et al. observed the release of acetycholine (ACH) in the central nervous system during stimulating the central end of the vagus nerve on the isolated head preparation of the dog. It is this ACH that releas...H. C. Chang et al. observed the release of acetycholine (ACH) in the central nervous system during stimulating the central end of the vagus nerve on the isolated head preparation of the dog. It is this ACH that releases the vasopressin, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone in neurohypophysis. The pathway of this reflex may展开更多
Objective： To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve （DPN） and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation. Methods： All the animals w...Objective： To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve （DPN） and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation. Methods： All the animals were divided into six groups （A-F）. The rats in groups A and B received no pretreatment. The rats in groups C and D received subcutaneous injection of capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, near the DPN for 2 days. Those in groups E and F had the DPN exposed to capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, for 20 min. Subsequently, pressor responses were induced by stimulation of paraventricular nucleus （PVN） either electrically （groups A and C-F） or chemically via injection of glutamate （group B）. After two stable pressor responses （baseline）, all groups were subject to 5-min DPN stimulation followed by PVN stimulation for 10 s. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were recorded. The pressor response was calculated as the difference in the mean arterial pressure （MAP） before and after PVN stimulation, and changes from baseline in pressor response after DPN stimulation were compared between the groups. Results： Increases of MAP of 22.88 ＋ 2.18 mm Hg and 20.32 ＋ 5.25 mm Hg were induced by electrical （group A） or chemical （group B） stimulation of the PVN, respectively. These pressor responses were inhibited by stimulation of the DPN, and the MAP was reduced to 12.00 _＋ 2.10 mm Hg in group A （n=6, P〈0.01） and 7.00 ＋ 2.85 mm Hg in group B （n=6, P〈0.01）. Subcutaneous injection of capsaicin （125 mg/kg） near the DPN in group C （n=7） had no effect on the inhibitory effect of DPN stimulation compared with the group D （n=9）, and neither did blockade of nociceptive fibers with capsaicin in group E （n=6） compared with group F （n=8）. Conclusion： Stimulation of the DPN mimicking acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on the pressor response, and the effect is mediated by capsaicin-insensitive afferent fibers in the DPN.展开更多
To determine the effect of humoral factors and their interaction on the developement of acute hypoxic pulmonary pressor response (HPPR), we performed studies in 16 mongrel dogs. We measured plasma levels of noradreali...To determine the effect of humoral factors and their interaction on the developement of acute hypoxic pulmonary pressor response (HPPR), we performed studies in 16 mongrel dogs. We measured plasma levels of noradrealin (NE), angiotensin Ⅱ (AII), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6KPGF1α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) before, during and after HPPR. Multiple regression analysis showed that the changes of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP) correlated well with those of plasma concentration of NE, PGF2α and 6KPGF1α, respectively (r were equal to 0.633 and 0.668, respectively, P<0.01). The results of orthogonal experiment analysis with an injection of exogenous NE, PGF2α and PGIα into main pulmonary artery of dogs showed that NE and the interaction of PGF2α and PGI2α increased PASP (P<0.05) and PGI2 attenuated PASP (P<0.01). The interaction of PGF2α and PGI2 and of PGF2α and NE increased PADP(P<0.01) and PGI2 attenuated PADP (P<0.01).展开更多
目的探讨黄芪多糖联合TP方案对术前宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫抑制细胞调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)和髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSC)的影响。方法选取明确诊断的宫颈癌患者68例,随机分为黄芪多糖+TP方...目的探讨黄芪多糖联合TP方案对术前宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫抑制细胞调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)和髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSC)的影响。方法选取明确诊断的宫颈癌患者68例,随机分为黄芪多糖+TP方案的治疗组34例和单用TP方案的对照组34例。比较两组患者近期疗效、骨髓抑制、生活质量评分采用Karnofsky评分(Karnofsky score,KPS)、不良反应情况以及免疫抑制细胞Treg和MDSC变化。结果治疗组治疗总有效率较对照组有所提高,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.145);治疗组患者治疗后生活质量改善率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组和对照组患者Treg和MDSC细胞比例均有所下降,但治疗组下降幅度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组和治疗组均有不同程度的骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,但治疗组发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论黄芪多糖联合TP方案可改善术前宫颈癌患者近期疗效,改善生活质量,降低骨髓抑制并减轻不良反应,降低免疫抑制细胞Treg和MDSC的比例。展开更多
基金①This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The electroacupuncture(EA)being delivered to“Zusanli-Sanyinjiao”acupomts reduced a pressor-tachycardia effect,this effect still remained(nearly unchanged)after decerebration between superior and inferior colliculus,indicating that the essential cen-tets of EA-pressor effect(EA-PE)are located in lower brain stem.The EA-PE could be at-tenuated by preinjection of atropine or phentolamine bilaterally into rostral ventrolateralmedulla(RVL)(but was not significantly influenced by propranolol or haloperidol).Elec-trolytic lesions of bilateral nucleus parabrachialis(NPB),reduced the EA-PE,while lesionof the area postrema did not.Taken together with our previous results that lesions of bilateral locus coeruleus(LC)also remarkably decreased the EA-PE,α-adrenoceptors in RVL mediated NPB-pressor re-sponse,and both α-adrenoceptors,M-cholinoceptors are involved in LC-pressor response:the present results indicate that activation of NPB-RVL(α-receplor)and LC-RVL(α-and Mreceptor)pressor system by EA is the essential central mechanism underlying EA-PE.
基金①This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In urethane-anesthetized,curare-immobilized,and artificially ventilatedrats,bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine(i.v.)attenuated the pressor and tachycardiaresponses to electroacupuncture(EA),but markedly reduced the EA-tachycardia effect.Onthe contrary,the EA-pressor effect was remarkably decreased by phentolamine(i,v.).whilethe tacbycardia effect of EA was not.Similar results were obtained under chloral hydrate(instead of urethane)anesthesia.It is suggested that besides the excitation of the sympa-thetic vasoconstrictor nerve the inhibition of the cardiac vagus nerve also contributes to theEA-pressor effect,and both the cardiac vagus and cardiac sympathetic nerves are responsiblefor the tachycardia response to EA.
文摘Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with more commonly consumed substances, 30 adult males (Mage = 22.4 years) were exposed to a cold pressor test and pain responsivity was assessed both before and after consuming either an 8% sucrose solution, water, or nothing. Between-groups comparisons revealed that relative to the Sucrose or Nothing groups, the Water group showed increased pain tolerance. Neither pain thresholds nor ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale differed among groups. The results support previous findings in both humans and animals that the palatability or hedonic value of food or drink may be the key predictor of its analgesic effect.
文摘Introduction: Laryngoscopic intubation is an insertion of endotracheal tube into the trachea for maintenance of airway during general anesthesia. Smooth intubation requires attenuation of pressor responses and maintenance of baseline hemodynamic stability. The primary outcome of this study is to compare intravenous fentanyl and lidocaine as an anesthetics adjuvant on attenuation of hemodynamic pressor responses to Laryngoscopic intubation in elective surgical adult patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruits 114 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube intubation. The study was conducted from January 1, 2018 to March 30, 2018. Systemic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Those patients that received intravenous fentanyl 2 micrograms per kilogram three minutes before intubation as an anesthetics adjuvant are considered as Fentanyl-group (group F). The Lidocaine-group (group L) was those patients who receive 2% intravenous lidocaine 1.5 milligrams per kilogram three minutes before intubation as anesthetics adjuvant. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) and other variables were documented starting from 3 minutes before intubation to 5 minutes after intubation. Results: The mean heart rate at first minute after intubation was significantly lower in fentanyl group (98.91 ± 15.6 beats per minute (bpm)) compared to lidocaine (107 ± 15.45 bpm), t (112) = 2.8, p = 0.006. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly lower in fentanyl group (141.9 ± 18.9 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)) compared to lidocaine (150 ± 18.098 mmHg), t (112) = 2.45, p = 0.016 at first minute after intubation. At third minute after intubation, heart rate was significantly lower in fentanyl group compared to lidocaine, t (112), p = 0.037. No difference was in heart rate and blood pressure among the group at 5th minute after intubation (p > 0.05). Conclusion and Recommendations: Fentanyl was better on attenuation of hemodynamic pressor responses to laryngoscopic intubation when compared to lidocaine. Therefore, using fentanyl pre-operatively to attenuate pressor responses especially during intubation is important.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2009AA8044005)
文摘In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In the optical terminal, the temporal and spatial effects of mismatched multigrating tiled compressor on the far-field pulse are critical factors to be analysed. In this paper, a k-space raytracing model is proposed for the temporal and spatial analyses of possible errors in a four-grating single-pass tiled compressor. The results show that the last grating affects mainly the partial focal spot, while the middle two gratings affect the temporal waveform, and the partial focal spot needs much higher error control than that in the temporal domain in a picosecond pulse compression.
文摘We hypothesised a 10 minute mindfulness based intervention performed by a novice therapist would have a beneficial effect on pain responses in naive participants. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to the control group or mindfulness meditation group. The control group sat quietly for 10 minutes in between two cold pressor tasks. The mindfulness meditation intervention group practiced 10 minutes of mindfulness meditation in between cold-pressor tasks following standardised mindfulness of breathing meditation technique instructions provided by a male investigator. A significant interaction effect was found between anxiety towards pain ratings (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 6.29, p = 0.02). There was a significant decrease (t = 4.07, p = 0.002) in anxiety towards pain ratings in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention. A significant interaction effect was found between pain threshold times (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 18.45, p 0.001) in pain threshold times in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention. A significant interaction effect was found between pain tolerance times (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and intervention (F = 18.34, p < 0.001). A significant increase (t = -4.20, p = 0.001) in pain tolerance times in the mindfulness meditation group following intervention was also found. The results suggest a single 10 minute mindfulness meditation intervention administered by a novice therapist can improve pain tolerance, pain threshold and decrease anxiety towards pain in na?ve healthy university aged individuals.
文摘It has been reported that stimulation of hypothalamic defence area (HDA) led to the increased release of central NA and other monoamine neurotransmitters,
文摘H. C. Chang et al. observed the release of acetycholine (ACH) in the central nervous system during stimulating the central end of the vagus nerve on the isolated head preparation of the dog. It is this ACH that releases the vasopressin, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone in neurohypophysis. The pathway of this reflex may
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30870834)the Zhejiang Medical and Health Science Research Foundation(No.2008A042)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Y2110057 and No.Y2090820)
文摘Objective： To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve （DPN） and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation. Methods： All the animals were divided into six groups （A-F）. The rats in groups A and B received no pretreatment. The rats in groups C and D received subcutaneous injection of capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, near the DPN for 2 days. Those in groups E and F had the DPN exposed to capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, for 20 min. Subsequently, pressor responses were induced by stimulation of paraventricular nucleus （PVN） either electrically （groups A and C-F） or chemically via injection of glutamate （group B）. After two stable pressor responses （baseline）, all groups were subject to 5-min DPN stimulation followed by PVN stimulation for 10 s. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were recorded. The pressor response was calculated as the difference in the mean arterial pressure （MAP） before and after PVN stimulation, and changes from baseline in pressor response after DPN stimulation were compared between the groups. Results： Increases of MAP of 22.88 ＋ 2.18 mm Hg and 20.32 ＋ 5.25 mm Hg were induced by electrical （group A） or chemical （group B） stimulation of the PVN, respectively. These pressor responses were inhibited by stimulation of the DPN, and the MAP was reduced to 12.00 _＋ 2.10 mm Hg in group A （n=6, P〈0.01） and 7.00 ＋ 2.85 mm Hg in group B （n=6, P〈0.01）. Subcutaneous injection of capsaicin （125 mg/kg） near the DPN in group C （n=7） had no effect on the inhibitory effect of DPN stimulation compared with the group D （n=9）, and neither did blockade of nociceptive fibers with capsaicin in group E （n=6） compared with group F （n=8）. Conclusion： Stimulation of the DPN mimicking acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on the pressor response, and the effect is mediated by capsaicin-insensitive afferent fibers in the DPN.
文摘To determine the effect of humoral factors and their interaction on the developement of acute hypoxic pulmonary pressor response (HPPR), we performed studies in 16 mongrel dogs. We measured plasma levels of noradrealin (NE), angiotensin Ⅱ (AII), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6KPGF1α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) before, during and after HPPR. Multiple regression analysis showed that the changes of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP) correlated well with those of plasma concentration of NE, PGF2α and 6KPGF1α, respectively (r were equal to 0.633 and 0.668, respectively, P<0.01). The results of orthogonal experiment analysis with an injection of exogenous NE, PGF2α and PGIα into main pulmonary artery of dogs showed that NE and the interaction of PGF2α and PGI2α increased PASP (P<0.05) and PGI2 attenuated PASP (P<0.01). The interaction of PGF2α and PGI2 and of PGF2α and NE increased PADP(P<0.01) and PGI2 attenuated PADP (P<0.01).
