BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief r...BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.展开更多
Teacher education at the foundational and preparatory stages plays a crucial role in shaping early childhood learning experiences.The National Curriculum Framework for School Education(NCFSE)2023 provides a structured...Teacher education at the foundational and preparatory stages plays a crucial role in shaping early childhood learning experiences.The National Curriculum Framework for School Education(NCFSE)2023 provides a structured pedagogical approach to address challenges in these stages.However,despite these policy frameworks,teachers in Kendriya Vidyalayas(KVs)continue to face numerous pedagogical challenges.This paper aims to explore and analyze the pedagogical challenges encountered by KV teachers in foundational and preparatory stage classrooms and compare them with the challenges addressed in NCFSE 2023.Using qualitative research methods,data were collected through structured online interviews with 10 KV teachers from different campuses.This paper investigated various challenges,including classroom management,language barriers,a lack of inclusive education strategies,insufficient infrastructure,limited parental involvement,and difficulties in integrating technology into teaching practices.The findings highlight the gap between policy recommendations and ground-level implementation.Based on these insights,the study suggests recommendations such as specialized teacher training,recruitment of special educators,improved infrastructure,enhanced parental engagement,and policy-driven interventions to bridge the gap between policy frameworks and real-world classroom experiences.The study concludes that addressing these challenges through targeted reforms can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment,fostering holistic student development at the foundational and preparatory stages.展开更多
Taking Shawen Ecological Tech-Industrial Park in Guiyang City for example,the ecological planning methods and procedures of urban preparatory construction land were studied.It was found that the urban preparatory cons...Taking Shawen Ecological Tech-Industrial Park in Guiyang City for example,the ecological planning methods and procedures of urban preparatory construction land were studied.It was found that the urban preparatory construction land could be classified into four categories through analyzing its ecological sensitivity,i.e.the most sensitive area,secondarily sensitive area,less sensitive area and non-sensitive area.All types of construction were prohibited in the most sensitive area which provided 'negative' results for the future development of preparatory construction land.On this basis,certain land use types were selected to carry out suitability analysis of land use which could provide 'positive' results for the future development of preparatory construction land,i.e.guide the direction and layout of land use development.To improve the studies on ecological planning,the above-mentioned analysis results were combined to construct the ecological network,so as to form an ecological planning method combining both horizontal and vertical ecological analysis.展开更多
On the basis of survey, students of Preparatory Ethnic Minority are not interested in English learning, and they lack language learning strategies, listening and oral abilities when they are studying English. Accordin...On the basis of survey, students of Preparatory Ethnic Minority are not interested in English learning, and they lack language learning strategies, listening and oral abilities when they are studying English. According to theories of Second Language Acquisition, connected with teaching practice, new English Learning Model is discussed and constructed. It includes"1+2+3" curriculum model, which advocates"Student centered"teaching method and setting up optional courses so that students will at tain the set goal smoothly.展开更多
This thesis probes into the current situation of host social media usage and intercultural adaptation of preparatory international students in China. Study covered 208 preparatory international students in total was c...This thesis probes into the current situation of host social media usage and intercultural adaptation of preparatory international students in China. Study covered 208 preparatory international students in total was conducted, with subject observation, structured interview, and questionnaire, in Shandong University, which is considered as one of the most representative institutions providing high-level preparatory education for international students in China. Field data collected were analyzed descriptively in the form of frequencies, tables, and percentages. Taken all that have been analyzed in this thesis, findings strongly suggest that the main factors influencing international students’ intercultural adaptability include host social media usage, intercultural experience, mandarin level, and cultural distance. Results also indicate significant correlation between host social media usage and intercultural adaptation: students who frequently use host social media to chat with Chinese perform better at intercultural adaptation;those who are more dependent and satisfied with host social media are more adaptive as well, the same goes to students who use host social media more frequently to get information or socialize. Consequently, this study suggests necessary promotion of host social media for international students in China.展开更多
Introduction: Almost half of the world’s population is concentrated under the age of less than 25 years. The highest number of this population is living in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa youths constitute 2...Introduction: Almost half of the world’s population is concentrated under the age of less than 25 years. The highest number of this population is living in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa youths constitute 20% - 30% of this population. Early sexual initiation is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. So, the objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of early sexual initiation and associated factors among preparatory school students of FaggetaLekoma district, Awi zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015. Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study design with stratified sampling technique was used. Completeness of questionnaires was checked visually and data were coded and entered into Epi-Info version 3.5.4. and transported to SPSS version 16 software package for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with early sexual initiation at 95% confidence interval. Result: A total of 270 students were included in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 18.82 ± 1.91 years, of which 117 (43.3%) were females, and 156 (57.8%) were rural residents. Among the total students who attended their class within the study period, 55 (20.4%) students had early sexual initiation. The results of multivariable model revealed that age AOR = 4.38, 95% CI (1.75 - 10.94), grade AOR = 4.18, 95% CI (1.58 - 11.04), existence of a boy/girl friend OR = 8.56, 95% CI (3.16 - 23.14), parental supervision AOR = 0.20, 95% CI (0.04 - 0.94) and peer pressure AOR = 3.56, 95% CI (1.31 - 9.66) were found to be significantly associated with early sexual initiation in multivariable analysis with P-value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation: The current study found that early sexual initiation is still the problem. Among those who had initiated sex early, most of them had sex within the past 12 months, most of them had sex with their boy/girl friends and majority of them did not use condom. Age, grade, existence of a boy/girl friend, parental supervision and peer pressure of respondents were factors affecting early sexual initiation in the study area. In order to reduce early sexual initiation in preparatory school students, stakeholders should prioritize to educate young peoples, couples, and parents about sexual and reproductive health issues.展开更多
In this paper, many factors restricting and affecting the actual effectiveness of course ethnic theory and policy are summarized, among which student factors mainly include unavailable major foundation, new strange co...In this paper, many factors restricting and affecting the actual effectiveness of course ethnic theory and policy are summarized, among which student factors mainly include unavailable major foundation, new strange course, and having no idea about how to learn in the short term, narrow knowledge scope because of the examination-oriented education, poor self-control ability and attitude toward learning, and difference among the students of different minorities in the preparatory education, so that the actual teaching effectiveness is different. The teaching contents provided by teachers are not enough scientific, and the teaching pertinence is not strong; all parts of teaching and especially the effectiveness of processing the key and difficult points are not good enough, so that students are guided not very well to actively participate in classroom teaching activities, etc. Subsequently, an analysis is made around integrating and excavating teaching materials, understanding teaching contents, valuing the teaching process, and helping the students of preparatory education change from passively learning knowledge to initiatively accepting knowledge in a targeted way, and then some approaches, methods, and strategies of improving the actual teaching effectiveness of the course are explored.展开更多
Background:With the global popularity of short videos,particularly among young people,short video addiction has become a worrying phenomenon that poses significant risks to individual health and adaptability.Self-regu...Background:With the global popularity of short videos,particularly among young people,short video addiction has become a worrying phenomenon that poses significant risks to individual health and adaptability.Self-regulated learning(SRL)strategies are key factors in predicting learning outcomes.This study,based on the SRL theory,uses short video addiction as the independent variable,SRL strategies as the mediating variable,and learning well-being as the outcome variable,aiming to reveal the relationships among short video addiction,self-regulated learning,and learning well-being among Chinese college students.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design and applying the snowball sampling technique,an online survey was administered to Chinese undergraduate students.A total of 706 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 85.7%.The average age of the participants was 20.5 years.Results:The results of structural equation modeling indicate that 7 hypotheses were supported.Short video addiction was negatively correlated with self-regulated learning strategies(preparatory,performance,and appraisal strategy),while SRL strategies were positively correlated with learning well-being.Additionally,short video addiction had a mediating effect on learning well-being through the three types of SRL strategies.The three types of SRL strategies explained 39%of the variance in learning well-being.Conclusion:Previous research has typically focused on the impact of self-regulated learning strategies on media addiction or problematic media use.This study,based on the SRL model,highlights the negative issues caused by short video addiction and emphasizes the importance of cultivating self-regulation abilities and media literacy.Short video addiction stems from failures in trait self-regulation,which naturally impairs the ability to effectively engage in self-regulation during the learning process.This study confirms and underscores that the SRL model can serve as an effective theoretical framework for helping students prevent short video addiction,engage in high-quality learning,and consequently enhance their learning well-being.展开更多
Crude extracts of Alpinia conchigera a species from the Malaysian Ginger (Zingiberaceae) family and its fractions obtained from various extraction methods were assayed for melanogenesis inhibition activity and cell vi...Crude extracts of Alpinia conchigera a species from the Malaysian Ginger (Zingiberaceae) family and its fractions obtained from various extraction methods were assayed for melanogenesis inhibition activity and cell viability. The crude extract obtained from the ethanolic extraction and the super critical fluid extraction did not exhibit significant melanin inhibition activity and was shown to be toxic to the melanocyte cells in comparison to the water extract. The crude aqueous extracts displayed melanin inhibition of 96.38 ± 1.60% and cell viability 109.90 ± 8.32% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Bioassay guided fractionation was performed on the water extracts to isolate the active compounds. The actives were identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde and chavicol glucopyranoside with both compound showing potent anti-melanogenesis activity. At 4.9 μg/ml, both trans-cinnamaldehyde and chavicol glucopyranoside gave 85% inhibition of melanin formation in vitro with 77% and 97% cell viability respectively. In comparison, kojic acid, a known skin lightening agent showed 90.0% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The bioactive composition comprising the extract, active fraction, purified compounds or mixture thereof of Alpinia conchigera may be used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the purposes of reducing skin pigmentation.展开更多
Small-scale water harvesting seems to be one of the earliest water technologies used by humans in semiarid countries,where water becomes in short supply during the dry season.With advancing technologies,dams started t...Small-scale water harvesting seems to be one of the earliest water technologies used by humans in semiarid countries,where water becomes in short supply during the dry season.With advancing technologies,dams started to be the common harvesting facilities.Nonetheless,small-scale water harvesting still has major advantages compared to large-scale water harvesting in dams.This study analyzes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale versus large-scale water harvesting from the different aspects such as the quan-tity and quality of water,agricultural productivity,dams siltation,flooding risks,energy savings,biodiversity and socio-economics.The present status of water harvesting in Jordan,from the different aspects of advantages and disad-vantages,is taken as examples to illustrate the findings.This study concludes that small-scale water harvesting in catchments’upstream areas is very reward-ing in social,economic,environmental as well as ecological aspects.It also con-cludes that many legal,administrative,managerial and planning issues have to be advanced for engineered watershed management and small-scale water har-vesting projects.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.
文摘Teacher education at the foundational and preparatory stages plays a crucial role in shaping early childhood learning experiences.The National Curriculum Framework for School Education(NCFSE)2023 provides a structured pedagogical approach to address challenges in these stages.However,despite these policy frameworks,teachers in Kendriya Vidyalayas(KVs)continue to face numerous pedagogical challenges.This paper aims to explore and analyze the pedagogical challenges encountered by KV teachers in foundational and preparatory stage classrooms and compare them with the challenges addressed in NCFSE 2023.Using qualitative research methods,data were collected through structured online interviews with 10 KV teachers from different campuses.This paper investigated various challenges,including classroom management,language barriers,a lack of inclusive education strategies,insufficient infrastructure,limited parental involvement,and difficulties in integrating technology into teaching practices.The findings highlight the gap between policy recommendations and ground-level implementation.Based on these insights,the study suggests recommendations such as specialized teacher training,recruitment of special educators,improved infrastructure,enhanced parental engagement,and policy-driven interventions to bridge the gap between policy frameworks and real-world classroom experiences.The study concludes that addressing these challenges through targeted reforms can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment,fostering holistic student development at the foundational and preparatory stages.
文摘Taking Shawen Ecological Tech-Industrial Park in Guiyang City for example,the ecological planning methods and procedures of urban preparatory construction land were studied.It was found that the urban preparatory construction land could be classified into four categories through analyzing its ecological sensitivity,i.e.the most sensitive area,secondarily sensitive area,less sensitive area and non-sensitive area.All types of construction were prohibited in the most sensitive area which provided 'negative' results for the future development of preparatory construction land.On this basis,certain land use types were selected to carry out suitability analysis of land use which could provide 'positive' results for the future development of preparatory construction land,i.e.guide the direction and layout of land use development.To improve the studies on ecological planning,the above-mentioned analysis results were combined to construct the ecological network,so as to form an ecological planning method combining both horizontal and vertical ecological analysis.
文摘On the basis of survey, students of Preparatory Ethnic Minority are not interested in English learning, and they lack language learning strategies, listening and oral abilities when they are studying English. According to theories of Second Language Acquisition, connected with teaching practice, new English Learning Model is discussed and constructed. It includes"1+2+3" curriculum model, which advocates"Student centered"teaching method and setting up optional courses so that students will at tain the set goal smoothly.
文摘This thesis probes into the current situation of host social media usage and intercultural adaptation of preparatory international students in China. Study covered 208 preparatory international students in total was conducted, with subject observation, structured interview, and questionnaire, in Shandong University, which is considered as one of the most representative institutions providing high-level preparatory education for international students in China. Field data collected were analyzed descriptively in the form of frequencies, tables, and percentages. Taken all that have been analyzed in this thesis, findings strongly suggest that the main factors influencing international students’ intercultural adaptability include host social media usage, intercultural experience, mandarin level, and cultural distance. Results also indicate significant correlation between host social media usage and intercultural adaptation: students who frequently use host social media to chat with Chinese perform better at intercultural adaptation;those who are more dependent and satisfied with host social media are more adaptive as well, the same goes to students who use host social media more frequently to get information or socialize. Consequently, this study suggests necessary promotion of host social media for international students in China.
文摘Introduction: Almost half of the world’s population is concentrated under the age of less than 25 years. The highest number of this population is living in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa youths constitute 20% - 30% of this population. Early sexual initiation is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. So, the objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of early sexual initiation and associated factors among preparatory school students of FaggetaLekoma district, Awi zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015. Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study design with stratified sampling technique was used. Completeness of questionnaires was checked visually and data were coded and entered into Epi-Info version 3.5.4. and transported to SPSS version 16 software package for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with early sexual initiation at 95% confidence interval. Result: A total of 270 students were included in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 18.82 ± 1.91 years, of which 117 (43.3%) were females, and 156 (57.8%) were rural residents. Among the total students who attended their class within the study period, 55 (20.4%) students had early sexual initiation. The results of multivariable model revealed that age AOR = 4.38, 95% CI (1.75 - 10.94), grade AOR = 4.18, 95% CI (1.58 - 11.04), existence of a boy/girl friend OR = 8.56, 95% CI (3.16 - 23.14), parental supervision AOR = 0.20, 95% CI (0.04 - 0.94) and peer pressure AOR = 3.56, 95% CI (1.31 - 9.66) were found to be significantly associated with early sexual initiation in multivariable analysis with P-value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation: The current study found that early sexual initiation is still the problem. Among those who had initiated sex early, most of them had sex within the past 12 months, most of them had sex with their boy/girl friends and majority of them did not use condom. Age, grade, existence of a boy/girl friend, parental supervision and peer pressure of respondents were factors affecting early sexual initiation in the study area. In order to reduce early sexual initiation in preparatory school students, stakeholders should prioritize to educate young peoples, couples, and parents about sexual and reproductive health issues.
文摘In this paper, many factors restricting and affecting the actual effectiveness of course ethnic theory and policy are summarized, among which student factors mainly include unavailable major foundation, new strange course, and having no idea about how to learn in the short term, narrow knowledge scope because of the examination-oriented education, poor self-control ability and attitude toward learning, and difference among the students of different minorities in the preparatory education, so that the actual teaching effectiveness is different. The teaching contents provided by teachers are not enough scientific, and the teaching pertinence is not strong; all parts of teaching and especially the effectiveness of processing the key and difficult points are not good enough, so that students are guided not very well to actively participate in classroom teaching activities, etc. Subsequently, an analysis is made around integrating and excavating teaching materials, understanding teaching contents, valuing the teaching process, and helping the students of preparatory education change from passively learning knowledge to initiatively accepting knowledge in a targeted way, and then some approaches, methods, and strategies of improving the actual teaching effectiveness of the course are explored.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(Grant Number:2022NTSS52)First-Class Education Discipline Development of Beijing Normal University:Excellence Action Project(Grant Number:YLXKPYXSDW202408)Beijing Institute of Education 2024 Youth Research Projects“Research on the Transformation of Training Aimed at Improving the Work of School Principals in the Capital”(Grant Number:QZ2024-02).
文摘Background:With the global popularity of short videos,particularly among young people,short video addiction has become a worrying phenomenon that poses significant risks to individual health and adaptability.Self-regulated learning(SRL)strategies are key factors in predicting learning outcomes.This study,based on the SRL theory,uses short video addiction as the independent variable,SRL strategies as the mediating variable,and learning well-being as the outcome variable,aiming to reveal the relationships among short video addiction,self-regulated learning,and learning well-being among Chinese college students.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design and applying the snowball sampling technique,an online survey was administered to Chinese undergraduate students.A total of 706 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 85.7%.The average age of the participants was 20.5 years.Results:The results of structural equation modeling indicate that 7 hypotheses were supported.Short video addiction was negatively correlated with self-regulated learning strategies(preparatory,performance,and appraisal strategy),while SRL strategies were positively correlated with learning well-being.Additionally,short video addiction had a mediating effect on learning well-being through the three types of SRL strategies.The three types of SRL strategies explained 39%of the variance in learning well-being.Conclusion:Previous research has typically focused on the impact of self-regulated learning strategies on media addiction or problematic media use.This study,based on the SRL model,highlights the negative issues caused by short video addiction and emphasizes the importance of cultivating self-regulation abilities and media literacy.Short video addiction stems from failures in trait self-regulation,which naturally impairs the ability to effectively engage in self-regulation during the learning process.This study confirms and underscores that the SRL model can serve as an effective theoretical framework for helping students prevent short video addiction,engage in high-quality learning,and consequently enhance their learning well-being.
文摘Crude extracts of Alpinia conchigera a species from the Malaysian Ginger (Zingiberaceae) family and its fractions obtained from various extraction methods were assayed for melanogenesis inhibition activity and cell viability. The crude extract obtained from the ethanolic extraction and the super critical fluid extraction did not exhibit significant melanin inhibition activity and was shown to be toxic to the melanocyte cells in comparison to the water extract. The crude aqueous extracts displayed melanin inhibition of 96.38 ± 1.60% and cell viability 109.90 ± 8.32% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Bioassay guided fractionation was performed on the water extracts to isolate the active compounds. The actives were identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde and chavicol glucopyranoside with both compound showing potent anti-melanogenesis activity. At 4.9 μg/ml, both trans-cinnamaldehyde and chavicol glucopyranoside gave 85% inhibition of melanin formation in vitro with 77% and 97% cell viability respectively. In comparison, kojic acid, a known skin lightening agent showed 90.0% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The bioactive composition comprising the extract, active fraction, purified compounds or mixture thereof of Alpinia conchigera may be used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the purposes of reducing skin pigmentation.
文摘Small-scale water harvesting seems to be one of the earliest water technologies used by humans in semiarid countries,where water becomes in short supply during the dry season.With advancing technologies,dams started to be the common harvesting facilities.Nonetheless,small-scale water harvesting still has major advantages compared to large-scale water harvesting in dams.This study analyzes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale versus large-scale water harvesting from the different aspects such as the quan-tity and quality of water,agricultural productivity,dams siltation,flooding risks,energy savings,biodiversity and socio-economics.The present status of water harvesting in Jordan,from the different aspects of advantages and disad-vantages,is taken as examples to illustrate the findings.This study concludes that small-scale water harvesting in catchments’upstream areas is very reward-ing in social,economic,environmental as well as ecological aspects.It also con-cludes that many legal,administrative,managerial and planning issues have to be advanced for engineered watershed management and small-scale water har-vesting projects.
