Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type,but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear.We designed a new experimental paradig...Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type,but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear.We designed a new experimental paradigm in which monkeys sequentially received reach and grasp cues with delays,requiring them to retain and integrate both cues to grasp the goal object with appropriate hand gestures.Neural activity in the dorsal premotor cortex(PMd)revealed that reach and grasp were similarly represented yet not independent.Upon receiving the second cue,the PMd continued encoding the first,but over half of the neurons displayed incongruent modulations:enhanced,attenuated,or even reversed.Population-level analysis showed significant changes in encoding structure,forming distinct neural patterns.Leveraging canonical correlation analysis,we identified a shared subspace preserving the initial cue’s encoding,contributed by both congruent and incongruent neurons.Together,these findings reveal a novel perspective on the interactive planning of reach and grasp within the PMd,providing insights into potential applications for brain–machine interfaces.展开更多
Humans are limited in their ability to perform multiple cognitive-motor tasks in parallel. In eight participants, we examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) coul...Humans are limited in their ability to perform multiple cognitive-motor tasks in parallel. In eight participants, we examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) could attenuate a delay of reaction time (RT) while the participants responded to two visual stimuli presented in temporally close succession. We provided anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS while the participants performed a task requiring two choice responses or a control task requiring two fixed responses. When the interval between the two stimuli was shorter, the RTs were delayed in both tasks, but anodal tDCS shortened them only in the former task, probably by promoting the response selection function of PMD. Non-invasive neuro-modulation to the brain can boost human ability to multi-task.展开更多
BACKGROUND Delusional parasitosis is characterized by a false belief of being infested with parasites,insects,or worms.This illness is observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease and is usually related to dopaminer...BACKGROUND Delusional parasitosis is characterized by a false belief of being infested with parasites,insects,or worms.This illness is observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease and is usually related to dopaminergic treatment.To our knowledge,no cases of delusional parasitosis have been reported as a premotor symptom or nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old woman presented with a complaint of itching that she ascribed to the presence of insects in her skin,and she had erythematous plaques on her trunk,arms,buttocks,and face.These symptoms started two months before the visit to the hospital.She took medication,including antipsychotics,with a diagnosis of delusional parasitosis,and the delusion improved after three months.A year later,antipsychotics were discontinued,and anxiety and depression were controlled with medication.However,she complained of bradykinesia,masked face,hand tremor,and mild rigidity,and we performed fluorinated N-3-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane positron emission tomography(PET),which showed mildly decreased DAT binding in the right anterior putamen and caudate nucleus.Parkinson’s disease was diagnosed on the basis of PET and clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION In conclusion,delusional parasitosis can be considered a non-motor sign of Parkinson’s disease along with depression,anxiety,and constipation.展开更多
The second most serious neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson’s disease(PD).Over the past several decades,a strong body of evidence suggests that PD can begin years before the hallmark clinical motor symptoms appear...The second most serious neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson’s disease(PD).Over the past several decades,a strong body of evidence suggests that PD can begin years before the hallmark clinical motor symptoms appear.Biomarkers for PD are urgently needed to differentiate between neurodegenerative disorders,screen novel therapeutics,and predict eventual clinical PD before the onset of symptoms.Some clinical evaluations and neuroimaging techniques have been developed in the last several years with some success in this area.Moreover,other strategies have been utilized to identify biochemical and genetic markers associated with PD leading to the examination of PD progression and pathogenesis in cerebrospinal fluid,blood,or saliva.Finally,interesting results are surfacing from preliminary studies using known PD-associated genetic mutations to assess potential premotor PD biomarkers.The current review highlights recent advances and underscores areas of potential advancement.展开更多
目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Pow...目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Powermax)恒定负荷力竭骑行后,以平衡抵消法接受2 mA tDCS正极刺激左侧PMd 10 min和伪刺激,随后进行视觉搜索任务、预测足球突破过人任务和预测足球罚点球任务测试。结果:足球运动员疲劳后,进行tDCS正极刺激的视觉搜索任务反应时在3(P=0.039)和6(P=0.017)数量型与伪刺激相比显著降低,预测足球突破过人任务的准确率在240 ms条件与伪刺激相比显著增高(P<0.001)。但是视觉搜索任务准确性、预测足球突破过人任务的反应时以及预测足球罚点球任务的准确性和反应时在tDCS正极刺激条件和伪刺激条件之间没有显著差异。结论:tDCS正极干预左侧PMd 10 min能够有效改善高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后的知觉预测表现。tDCS可以作为有效工具在足球运动员运动训练和比赛中用以缓解疲劳造成的知觉预测能力下降。展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0208903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62336007)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024QH582)the Pioneer R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03001)the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study(SN-ZJU-SIAS-002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024ZFJH01-01).
文摘Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type,but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear.We designed a new experimental paradigm in which monkeys sequentially received reach and grasp cues with delays,requiring them to retain and integrate both cues to grasp the goal object with appropriate hand gestures.Neural activity in the dorsal premotor cortex(PMd)revealed that reach and grasp were similarly represented yet not independent.Upon receiving the second cue,the PMd continued encoding the first,but over half of the neurons displayed incongruent modulations:enhanced,attenuated,or even reversed.Population-level analysis showed significant changes in encoding structure,forming distinct neural patterns.Leveraging canonical correlation analysis,we identified a shared subspace preserving the initial cue’s encoding,contributed by both congruent and incongruent neurons.Together,these findings reveal a novel perspective on the interactive planning of reach and grasp within the PMd,providing insights into potential applications for brain–machine interfaces.
文摘Humans are limited in their ability to perform multiple cognitive-motor tasks in parallel. In eight participants, we examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) could attenuate a delay of reaction time (RT) while the participants responded to two visual stimuli presented in temporally close succession. We provided anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS while the participants performed a task requiring two choice responses or a control task requiring two fixed responses. When the interval between the two stimuli was shorter, the RTs were delayed in both tasks, but anodal tDCS shortened them only in the former task, probably by promoting the response selection function of PMD. Non-invasive neuro-modulation to the brain can boost human ability to multi-task.
文摘BACKGROUND Delusional parasitosis is characterized by a false belief of being infested with parasites,insects,or worms.This illness is observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease and is usually related to dopaminergic treatment.To our knowledge,no cases of delusional parasitosis have been reported as a premotor symptom or nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old woman presented with a complaint of itching that she ascribed to the presence of insects in her skin,and she had erythematous plaques on her trunk,arms,buttocks,and face.These symptoms started two months before the visit to the hospital.She took medication,including antipsychotics,with a diagnosis of delusional parasitosis,and the delusion improved after three months.A year later,antipsychotics were discontinued,and anxiety and depression were controlled with medication.However,she complained of bradykinesia,masked face,hand tremor,and mild rigidity,and we performed fluorinated N-3-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane positron emission tomography(PET),which showed mildly decreased DAT binding in the right anterior putamen and caudate nucleus.Parkinson’s disease was diagnosed on the basis of PET and clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION In conclusion,delusional parasitosis can be considered a non-motor sign of Parkinson’s disease along with depression,anxiety,and constipation.
基金This work was supported by NIH grants AG033398,ES004696-5897,ES007033-6364,ES016873,ES019277,NS057567,and NS062684-6221.
文摘The second most serious neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson’s disease(PD).Over the past several decades,a strong body of evidence suggests that PD can begin years before the hallmark clinical motor symptoms appear.Biomarkers for PD are urgently needed to differentiate between neurodegenerative disorders,screen novel therapeutics,and predict eventual clinical PD before the onset of symptoms.Some clinical evaluations and neuroimaging techniques have been developed in the last several years with some success in this area.Moreover,other strategies have been utilized to identify biochemical and genetic markers associated with PD leading to the examination of PD progression and pathogenesis in cerebrospinal fluid,blood,or saliva.Finally,interesting results are surfacing from preliminary studies using known PD-associated genetic mutations to assess potential premotor PD biomarkers.The current review highlights recent advances and underscores areas of potential advancement.
文摘目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Powermax)恒定负荷力竭骑行后,以平衡抵消法接受2 mA tDCS正极刺激左侧PMd 10 min和伪刺激,随后进行视觉搜索任务、预测足球突破过人任务和预测足球罚点球任务测试。结果:足球运动员疲劳后,进行tDCS正极刺激的视觉搜索任务反应时在3(P=0.039)和6(P=0.017)数量型与伪刺激相比显著降低,预测足球突破过人任务的准确率在240 ms条件与伪刺激相比显著增高(P<0.001)。但是视觉搜索任务准确性、预测足球突破过人任务的反应时以及预测足球罚点球任务的准确性和反应时在tDCS正极刺激条件和伪刺激条件之间没有显著差异。结论:tDCS正极干预左侧PMd 10 min能够有效改善高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后的知觉预测表现。tDCS可以作为有效工具在足球运动员运动训练和比赛中用以缓解疲劳造成的知觉预测能力下降。
