BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are defined as a variable combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms.Early-life stressors have been implicated as possible contributing factors.AIM...BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are defined as a variable combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms.Early-life stressors have been implicated as possible contributing factors.AIM To determine if prematurity and neonatal factors influence the development of DGBI in adults.METHODS A case-control study was carried out at a tertiary referral center from July 2019 to July 2021.Cases(adults born with extremely premature<29 weeks of gestation)were recruited from the Health of Adults Born Preterm Investigation cohort.Control subjects were recruited from the general population.All participants completed the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire online.Cases completed anxiety and depression questionnaires(Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Infor-mation System-29 items,Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items,Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items).Neonatal data and sociodemographic status were collected.RESULTS A total of 79 cases and 124 controls were enrolled in the study.The group of adults born preterm exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of functional bowel disorders(P=0.01)and a trend suggesting a higher prevalence of func-tional gastroduodenal disorders(P=0.06).Among women born prematurely,the prevalence of functional gastroduodenal disorders,functional bowel disorders,and functional constipation was significantly higher compared to the female control group(P=0.02 for all).The identified risk factors are categorized as directly linked to prematurity(e.g.,chorioamnionitis),indirectly related to prematurity(e.g.,anxiety,depression,and social skills as consequences of prematurity),or independent of prematurity(e.g.,female sex).CONCLUSION This is the first case-control study reporting the prevalence of DGBI in a cohort of well-characterized adults born prematurely.We confirm that prematurity is a risk factor for developing a DGBI.展开更多
To review the existing deep learning applications for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity diseases,the available public retinal databases for the diseases and apply the International Journal...To review the existing deep learning applications for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity diseases,the available public retinal databases for the diseases and apply the International Journal of Medical Informatics(IJMEDI)checklist were assessed the quality of included studies;an in-depth literature search in Scopus,Web of Science,IEEE and ACM databases targeting articles from inception up to 31st January 2023 was done by two independent reviewers.In the review,26 out of 1476 articles with a total of 36 models were included.Data size and model validation were found to be challenges for most studies.Deep learning models are gaining focus in the development of medical diagnosis tools and applications.However,there seems to be a critical issue with most of the studies being published,with some not including information about data sources and data sizes which is important for their performance verification.展开更多
AIM:To compare the changes in preschool refractive status,ocular biological parameters,and higher-order aberrations in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)after retinal laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular...AIM:To compare the changes in preschool refractive status,ocular biological parameters,and higher-order aberrations in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)after retinal laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)treatment and explore their underlying factors.METHODS:This observational study involved 118 eyes of 59 children,aged 3 to 6y,with ROP followed up between March 2023 and October 2024.They were divided into the laser,anti-VEGF,and anti-VEGF+laser groups.The laser group received a single session of laser photocoagulation.The anti-VEGF group received a single anti-VEGF treatment.The anti-VEGF+laser group received a single anti-VEGF treatment after birth followed by supplementary laser treatment within 2wk to 6mo.Ocular biological parameters were measured using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam HR.Right-eye higher-order aberrations were measured using the OPD-Scan III.Best-corrected visual acuities(BCVA),refractive statuses,ocular biological parameters,and higherorder aberrations were assessed and compared.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships among ocular biological parameters,higherorder aberrations,spherical equivalent(SE),and treatment methods.Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between the SE and higher-order aberrations.RESULTS:The laser group had a higher incidence of myopia and a lower SE than the anti-VEGF group.The incidence of astigmatism and cylindrical power were significantly lower for the anti-VEGF than for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups(P<0.05).The anterior corneal surface astigmatism was higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The anterior corneal surface K2 and lens thickness were higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The whole-eye higher-order aberration root mean square(RMS)values for the right eye were significantly higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The whole-eye trefoil RMS values for the right eye were also significantly higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group(P<0.05).Laser treatment was significantly associated with SE,anterior corneal surface curvature and astigmatism,lens thickness,whole-eye highorder aberrations,and whole-eye trefoil(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Children with ROP who received laser treatment have higher myopia and astigmatism than those who received anti-VEGF treatment.Children treated with laser or supplementary laser treatment have higher anterior corneal astigmatism,anterior corneal curvature,thicker lenses,whole-eye higher-order aberrations,and whole-eye trefoil.The cause of myopia in children with ROP after laser treatment is increased anterior corneal surface curvature and lens thickness.展开更多
AIM: To estimate the potential systemic events during and after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. ' METHODS: A prospective and descriptive designed study was conducted to detect the physiologic and patho...AIM: To estimate the potential systemic events during and after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. ' METHODS: A prospective and descriptive designed study was conducted to detect the physiologic and pathological changes 24h before, during, and 72h after ROP screening. Control blood pressure (BP), saturation, pulse rate, and body temperature were routinely taken at various time internals before and after screening. Adverse effects pertain to cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastric system, urinary system and nervous system were retrospect 0-72h after ROP screening at a 24-hour interval. RESULTS: Totally 1254 prematurity babies receiving ROP screening during Jan. 1st 2013 to Dec. 31th 2013 were enrolled in our survey. Compared to control vital sign data taken before the examination, there was a fluctuation in the diastolic BP with the increased 3.03 mm Hg (P=0.04) after 3 doses of mydriatic drops. Immediately after the examination, there was a further 12.64 mm Hg (P<0.01) increase in systolic BP and a 7.24 mm Hg (P<0.01) in diastolic BP. The mean pulse rate during examination was 22.4 bpm (P<0.01) higher than the 133.3 +/- 9.0 bpm control level. The oxygen saturation shared an average drop of 5% (P<0.01) during screening. In prematurity with postconceptional age less than 31wk, the incidence of apnea (23.5%), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (8.7%), gastric residual (25.4%) and upper digestive tract hemorrhage (6.4%) also demonstrated a significant rise (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our study sample, ROP screening was associated with NEC, gastric residual and upper digestive tract hemorrhage. These gastrointestinal side effects, along with breath activity pattern change and vital signs indicators fluctuation, may be results of additional stress responses.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is the leading cause of preventable infant blindness in the world and predominantly affects babies who are born low birth weight and premature.India has the largest number of surviving p...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is the leading cause of preventable infant blindness in the world and predominantly affects babies who are born low birth weight and premature.India has the largest number of surviving preterm births born annually.ROP blindness can be largely prevented if there is a robust screening program which detects treatment requiring disease in time.ROP treatment must be provided within 48 h of reaching this threshold of treatment making it a relative emergency.During the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in 2020 ROP screening was disrupted throughout the world due to lockdowns and restriction of movement of these infants,their families,specialists and healthcare workers.The Indian ROP Society issued guidelines for ROP screening and treatment in March 2020,which was aimed at preserving the chain-of-care despite the potential limitations and hazards during the(ongoing)pandemic.This preferred practice guideline is summarized in this manuscript.展开更多
Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,...Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,if given within the correct window period post laser therapy.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, bein...Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, being influenced by the quality of the level of neonatal intensive care. Here, we discuss the potential treatments that are now available or will soon or probably be available for ROP. Although ablation of the avascular retina with laser photocoagulation remains the current gold standard and well established therapy for ROP, some new therapeutic options including angiostatic therapies are being explored based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the ROP and complications and efficacy of laser treatment. However, prevention of the development of severe ROP and screening for ROP seem to be the best strategy in avoiding visual impairment caused by ROP in premature infants. New therapeutic interventions including vascular endothelial growth factor antibody administration, gene therapy and supplemental therapies should be supported with evidence-based data for the treatment of ROP.展开更多
AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) and the sensitivity of current screening criteria in a tertiary eye center in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In a cross-sectional observation...AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) and the sensitivity of current screening criteria in a tertiary eye center in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational study, neonates weighing ≤2000 grams at birth or born <34 wk gestational age(GA) and all other infants at risk of ROP admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) or referred to our ROP clinic were investigated. The incidence of ROP and severe ROP(i.e. patients needing treatment) were determined. The associations between risk factors and the development and severity of ROP were assessed. We also examined the sensitivity of the current national screening guideline in Iran. RESULTS: Among 207 infants, the incidence of ROP and severe ROP was 33.3% and 11.1%, respectively. Mean GA and birth weight(BW) were significantly lower in ROP vs non-ROP infants(29±2 wk vs 33±3 wk, P<0.001;1274±489 g vs 1916±550 g, P<0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis displayed significant association between ROP incidence and GA, BW, NICU admission period, blood transfusion, surfactant usage, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus(P<0.05 for all). BW [relative risk(RR): 0.857(0.711-0.873), P<0.001], GA [RR: 0.788(0.711-0.873), P<0.001] and blood transfusion [RR: 1.888(0.995-3.583), P=0.052] were independent ROP risk factors. The sensitivity of country-specific screening guidelines was 95.7% and 100% for overall and severe ROP detection, respectively. CONCLUSION: ROP incidence is relatively high in Iran. Identifying ROP risk factors results in more accurate screening and reduces the risk of irreversible vision loss. The ROP screening criteria utilized in Iran are efficient at the present time.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of pr...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of preterm babies, ROP has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness throughout the world. A simple screening test done within a few weeks after birth by an ophthalmologist can avoid this preventable blindness. Although screening guidelines and protocols are strictly followed in the developed nations, it lacks in developing economies like India and China, which have the highest number of preterm deliveries in the world. The burden of this blindness in these countries is set to increase tremendously in the future, if corrective steps are not taken immediately. ROP first emerged in 1940 s and 1950 s, when it was called retrolental fibroplasia. Several epidemics of this disease were and are still occurring in different regions of the world and since then a lot of research has been done on this disease. However, till date very few comprehensive review articles covering all the aspects of ROP are published. This review highlights the past, present and future strategies in managing this disease. It would help the pediatricians to update their current knowledge on ROP.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity（ROP） is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants.Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP.However,there are still many children with ROP s...Retinopathy of prematurity（ROP） is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants.Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP.However,there are still many children with ROP suffering by severe limitations in vision or even blindness.Recently,ROP has been suggested to be caused by abnormal development of the retinal vasculature,but not simply resulted by retinal neovascularization which takes about 4 to 6 wk after birth in premature infants.Thus,instead of focusing on how to reduce retinal neovascularization,understanding the pathological changes and mechanisms that occur prior to retinal neovascularization is meaningful,which may lead to identify novel target（s） for the development of novel strategy to promote the healthy growth of retinal blood vessels rather than passively waiting for the appearance of retinal neovascularization and removing it by force.In this review,we discussed recent studies about,1） the pathogenesis prior to retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy（OIR;a ROP in animal model） and in premature infants with ROP;2） the preclinical and clinical research on preventive treatment of early OIR and ROP.We will not only highlight the importance of the mechanisms and signalling pathways in regulating early stage of ROP but also will provide guidance for actively exploring novel mechanisms and discovering novel treatments for early phase OIR and ROP prior to retinal neovascularization in the future.展开更多
The Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway was shown to participate in the process of retinal development and angiogenesis. However, the function of the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway in retinopathy ...The Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway was shown to participate in the process of retinal development and angiogenesis. However, the function of the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway in retinopathy of prematurity requires further study. Retinopathy of prematurity was induced in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days, and then returned to room air. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot revealed that Delta-like ligand 4 levels decreased at postnatal day 12 and increased at postnatal day 17 in retinopathy of prematurity rats. Flat-mounted adenosine diphosphatase stained retina and hematoxylin-eosin stained retinal tissue slices showed that the clock hour scores and the nuclei counts in retinopathy of prematurity rats were significantly different compared to normal control rats. After retinopathy of prematurity rats were intravitreally injected with Delta-like ligand 4 monoclonal antibody to inhibit the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway, there was a significant increase in the severity of retinal neovascularization （clock hours） in the intravitreally injected eyes. The nuclei count was highly correlated with the clock hour score. These results suggest that Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling plays an essential role in the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the retina.展开更多
AIMTo evaluate the incidence of spontaneous regression of changes in the retina and vitreous in active stage of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) and identify the possible relative factors during the regression.
AIM:To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)by the WINROP algorithm(http://winrop.com)in Southern China.METHODS:All preterm infants with the gestational age(GA)less than 32 wk were...AIM:To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)by the WINROP algorithm(http://winrop.com)in Southern China.METHODS:All preterm infants with the gestational age(GA)less than 32 wk were included.Their ROP screening results and serial postnatal body weight were analysed retrospectively.Weekly body weight was entered into and measured by the WINROP system.The outcomes were analysed,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value(NPV)were calculated.RESULTS:Totally 432 infants with a median GA of 30.0(24.0-31.9)wk,and a median birth weight(BW)of 1360(540-2700)g were included.Among these 432 infants,50 were diagnosed as type 1 ROP but only 28 were identified by the WINROP algorithm.The sensitivity was 56%(28/50)and the NPV was 92%(252/274).However,for infants with BW<1000g or GA<28 wk,the sensitivity was 93.8%(15/16)and 93.3%(14/15),respectively.Meanwhile,with several postnatal complications added as additional risk factors,the sensitivity was increased to 96%(48/50).CONCLUSION:The sensitivity of the WINROP algorithm from the Southern Chinese cohort is not as high as that reported in developed countries.This algorithm is effective for detecting severe ROP from extremely small or preterm infants.Modification of the algorithm with additional risk factors could improve the predictive value for infants with a GA>28 wk in China.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate foveal vessel density(VD) and foveal thickness using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) children treated with laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular end...AIM: To evaluate foveal vessel density(VD) and foveal thickness using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) children treated with laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) injection. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between foveal microvascular anomalies and different therapies in ROP children.METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of type 1 ROP. Twenty-three eyes(14 patients) treated with anti-VEGF injection and twentynine eyes(17 patients) treated with laser coagulation were included in this study. The foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were measured at the central 0°, 2° to 8°, and 8° of the retina(centered on the fovea) using OCTA and cross-sectional OCT, respectively.RESULTS: Foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were significantly smaller within the central 8° of the retina in ROP children treated with anti-VEGF injection than in those treated with laser photocoagulation(P=0.013, 0.009, 0.036, respectively). The full thickness was also smaller in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group at the central 0° of the retina(P=0.010). The grade of foveal hypoplasia is lower in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group(P=0.045). Multivariable analysis did not find any risk factors associated with visual acuity in our study.CONCLUSION: In children with type 1 ROP, the better structural development of fovea in those who were treated with anti-VEGF injection compared with laser photocoagulation are identified. However, visual acuity outcomes are similar 70 mo after the treatments.展开更多
AIM:To describe the involution patterns of vessel growth of retina through fluorescein angiography(FA)of children,who had been under treatment up to 1 y previously intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)as monotherapy for retin...AIM:To describe the involution patterns of vessel growth of retina through fluorescein angiography(FA)of children,who had been under treatment up to 1 y previously intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)as monotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:This is a retrospective study.The medical information and FA of 17 children(34 eyes)whose area of avascular retina from the ora serrata was more than two disc diameters(DD)were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 34 eyes,all were the presence of finger-shaped vessels and arteriolar-venular shunts(100%,34/34 eyes).Popcorn abnormalities were found in most of the eyes(94.1%,32/34 eyes).Furthermore,in many cases(23.5%,8/34 eyes),there were leakage persisting in the region of the junction between avascular and vascular retina.In contrast,just 2 eyes(5.9%)showed damage of retinal capillary bed and 3 eyes(8.8%)showed large area of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)atrophy.CONCLUSION:Although IVR can be very effective in ROP,we should remain cautious as infants may remain avascular peripheral retinas and abnormal vessel.FA allows accurate visualization of vessel abnormalities in eyes with ROP,which will be helpful to affect assessment of disease activity and therapeutic effect.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW)...AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age (GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP (18.3%) than singleton babies (9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies. CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.展开更多
AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively colle...AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database.The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods(P1:2008-2013,P2:2014-2019).Gender,gestational age(GA),birth weight(BW),multiple births,delivery pattern,and postmenstrual age of the first fundus screen were analyzed in all visiting infants.RESULTS:During the 12-year study period,7832 infants were initially included;among them,1266(16.16%)were diagnosed with ROP,441 of whom(5.63%)developed severe ROP.Throughout the study period,the total number of infants being screened showed a trend of slight fluctuation after a rapid increase;however,an annual increase was observed in the number of infants diagnosed with ROP and severe ROP.The proportion of each stage at the first screening of infants with ROP was stable.The detection rate of ROP increased from 2.33%in 2008 to 16.18%in 2010,decreased to 10.73%in 2014,and then increased to 27.47%in 2019.For severe ROP,the detection rate gradually increased from 0 in 2008 to 12.49%in 2019.Among the infants with ROP,96(7.58%)did not meet the screening criteria set by the Chinese Medical Association in 2014(GA<32wk,or BW<2000 g);among them,14(1.11%)needed treatment because of severe ROP.CONCLUSION:From 2008 to 2019,the detection rates of ROP and severe ROP in infants screened in Northwest China were 16.16%and 5.63%,respectively.The characteristics of the ROP infants were similar to those in other middle-income regions.The"tertiary prevention network of ROP"is a potentially effective screening approach.展开更多
AIM: To explore the process of retinal vascularization and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR) as monotherapy.METHODS: Infants with type 1 ROP who received IVR a...AIM: To explore the process of retinal vascularization and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR) as monotherapy.METHODS: Infants with type 1 ROP who received IVR as primary treatment from August 2014 to October 2016 at Peking University People’s Hospital’s Ophthalmology Department were included in the study. All eyes received 0.25 mg ranibizumab at initial treatment. Retinal vascularization was evaluated clinically. Potential risk factors were also recorded and examined.RESULTS: Retinal vascularization was completed in 126 eyes(62.7%), and retinal vascularization terminated in zone II and zone III with 16 eyes(7.9%) and 44 eyes(21.9%), respectively, after more than 1-year follow-up. In multivariate regression analysis, lower birth weight(BW), severity of ROP and repeated injections were found to be risk factors for peripheral avascular area(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study, 29.8% of the ROP eyes treated with ranibizumab have peripheral avascular area at the last follow-up. Lighter BW and the severity of ROP are risk factors. Furthermore, repeated injections also increase the risk of retinal peripheral avascular area remaining in ROP patients.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=6...AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=68)and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment(n=50)were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length as follows:1 d prior to laser treatment,and 3,6,9,and 12 mo after the laser treatment.RESULTS:The mean birth weight,gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g,26.66±2.42 wk,36.26±2.73 wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g,27.28±2.10 wk,36.56±2.54 wk in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups.Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups(P<0.001 for each).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment.Measurements of the lens thickness at 9 th and 12 th months(9 th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm,P=0.017;12 th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm,P=0.002)and the axial length at 12 th month(19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm,P=0.031)after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group.CONCLUSION:Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.展开更多
Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)regulates the proliferation and migration of human retinal endothelial cells,as well as retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.Based on similarities between the pathogenesis of re...Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)regulates the proliferation and migration of human retinal endothelial cells,as well as retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.Based on similarities between the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and diabetic retinopathy,lncRNA may also play a role in ROP.Seven-day-old mice were administered 75±2% oxygen for 5 days and normoxic air for another 5 days to establish a ROP model.Expression of lncRNA and mRNA in the retinal tissue of mice was detected by high-throughput sequencing technology,and biological functions of the resulted differentially expressed RNAs were evaluated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses.The results showed that compared with the control group,57 lncRNAs were differentially expressed,including 43 upregulated and 14 downregulated,in the retinal tissue of ROP mice.Compared with control mice,42 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the retinal tissue of ROP mice,including 24 upregulated and 18 downregulated mRNAs.Differentially expressed genes were involved in ocular development and related metabolic pathways.The differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate ROP in mice via microRNAs and multiple signaling pathways.Our results revealed that these differentially expressed lncRNAs may be therapeutic targets for ROP treatment.This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University on February 25,2016(approval No.2016PS074K).展开更多
基金Supported by Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center excellence grant in 2020-2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are defined as a variable combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms.Early-life stressors have been implicated as possible contributing factors.AIM To determine if prematurity and neonatal factors influence the development of DGBI in adults.METHODS A case-control study was carried out at a tertiary referral center from July 2019 to July 2021.Cases(adults born with extremely premature<29 weeks of gestation)were recruited from the Health of Adults Born Preterm Investigation cohort.Control subjects were recruited from the general population.All participants completed the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire online.Cases completed anxiety and depression questionnaires(Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Infor-mation System-29 items,Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items,Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items).Neonatal data and sociodemographic status were collected.RESULTS A total of 79 cases and 124 controls were enrolled in the study.The group of adults born preterm exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of functional bowel disorders(P=0.01)and a trend suggesting a higher prevalence of func-tional gastroduodenal disorders(P=0.06).Among women born prematurely,the prevalence of functional gastroduodenal disorders,functional bowel disorders,and functional constipation was significantly higher compared to the female control group(P=0.02 for all).The identified risk factors are categorized as directly linked to prematurity(e.g.,chorioamnionitis),indirectly related to prematurity(e.g.,anxiety,depression,and social skills as consequences of prematurity),or independent of prematurity(e.g.,female sex).CONCLUSION This is the first case-control study reporting the prevalence of DGBI in a cohort of well-characterized adults born prematurely.We confirm that prematurity is a risk factor for developing a DGBI.
基金Supported by DAAD,Google Research,and the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World(OWSD).
文摘To review the existing deep learning applications for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity diseases,the available public retinal databases for the diseases and apply the International Journal of Medical Informatics(IJMEDI)checklist were assessed the quality of included studies;an in-depth literature search in Scopus,Web of Science,IEEE and ACM databases targeting articles from inception up to 31st January 2023 was done by two independent reviewers.In the review,26 out of 1476 articles with a total of 36 models were included.Data size and model validation were found to be challenges for most studies.Deep learning models are gaining focus in the development of medical diagnosis tools and applications.However,there seems to be a critical issue with most of the studies being published,with some not including information about data sources and data sizes which is important for their performance verification.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SF-YBXM-320)the Clinical Research Project of the Fourth Military Medical University(No.2022LC2247)Medical Staff Training Boosting Project of Xijing Hospital,Air Force Medical University(No.XJZT24CY52).
文摘AIM:To compare the changes in preschool refractive status,ocular biological parameters,and higher-order aberrations in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)after retinal laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)treatment and explore their underlying factors.METHODS:This observational study involved 118 eyes of 59 children,aged 3 to 6y,with ROP followed up between March 2023 and October 2024.They were divided into the laser,anti-VEGF,and anti-VEGF+laser groups.The laser group received a single session of laser photocoagulation.The anti-VEGF group received a single anti-VEGF treatment.The anti-VEGF+laser group received a single anti-VEGF treatment after birth followed by supplementary laser treatment within 2wk to 6mo.Ocular biological parameters were measured using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam HR.Right-eye higher-order aberrations were measured using the OPD-Scan III.Best-corrected visual acuities(BCVA),refractive statuses,ocular biological parameters,and higherorder aberrations were assessed and compared.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships among ocular biological parameters,higherorder aberrations,spherical equivalent(SE),and treatment methods.Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between the SE and higher-order aberrations.RESULTS:The laser group had a higher incidence of myopia and a lower SE than the anti-VEGF group.The incidence of astigmatism and cylindrical power were significantly lower for the anti-VEGF than for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups(P<0.05).The anterior corneal surface astigmatism was higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The anterior corneal surface K2 and lens thickness were higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The whole-eye higher-order aberration root mean square(RMS)values for the right eye were significantly higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group.The whole-eye trefoil RMS values for the right eye were also significantly higher for the laser and anti-VEGF+laser groups than for the anti-VEGF group(P<0.05).Laser treatment was significantly associated with SE,anterior corneal surface curvature and astigmatism,lens thickness,whole-eye highorder aberrations,and whole-eye trefoil(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Children with ROP who received laser treatment have higher myopia and astigmatism than those who received anti-VEGF treatment.Children treated with laser or supplementary laser treatment have higher anterior corneal astigmatism,anterior corneal curvature,thicker lenses,whole-eye higher-order aberrations,and whole-eye trefoil.The cause of myopia in children with ROP after laser treatment is increased anterior corneal surface curvature and lens thickness.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71173055)
文摘AIM: To estimate the potential systemic events during and after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. ' METHODS: A prospective and descriptive designed study was conducted to detect the physiologic and pathological changes 24h before, during, and 72h after ROP screening. Control blood pressure (BP), saturation, pulse rate, and body temperature were routinely taken at various time internals before and after screening. Adverse effects pertain to cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastric system, urinary system and nervous system were retrospect 0-72h after ROP screening at a 24-hour interval. RESULTS: Totally 1254 prematurity babies receiving ROP screening during Jan. 1st 2013 to Dec. 31th 2013 were enrolled in our survey. Compared to control vital sign data taken before the examination, there was a fluctuation in the diastolic BP with the increased 3.03 mm Hg (P=0.04) after 3 doses of mydriatic drops. Immediately after the examination, there was a further 12.64 mm Hg (P<0.01) increase in systolic BP and a 7.24 mm Hg (P<0.01) in diastolic BP. The mean pulse rate during examination was 22.4 bpm (P<0.01) higher than the 133.3 +/- 9.0 bpm control level. The oxygen saturation shared an average drop of 5% (P<0.01) during screening. In prematurity with postconceptional age less than 31wk, the incidence of apnea (23.5%), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (8.7%), gastric residual (25.4%) and upper digestive tract hemorrhage (6.4%) also demonstrated a significant rise (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our study sample, ROP screening was associated with NEC, gastric residual and upper digestive tract hemorrhage. These gastrointestinal side effects, along with breath activity pattern change and vital signs indicators fluctuation, may be results of additional stress responses.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is the leading cause of preventable infant blindness in the world and predominantly affects babies who are born low birth weight and premature.India has the largest number of surviving preterm births born annually.ROP blindness can be largely prevented if there is a robust screening program which detects treatment requiring disease in time.ROP treatment must be provided within 48 h of reaching this threshold of treatment making it a relative emergency.During the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in 2020 ROP screening was disrupted throughout the world due to lockdowns and restriction of movement of these infants,their families,specialists and healthcare workers.The Indian ROP Society issued guidelines for ROP screening and treatment in March 2020,which was aimed at preserving the chain-of-care despite the potential limitations and hazards during the(ongoing)pandemic.This preferred practice guideline is summarized in this manuscript.
文摘Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,if given within the correct window period post laser therapy.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, being influenced by the quality of the level of neonatal intensive care. Here, we discuss the potential treatments that are now available or will soon or probably be available for ROP. Although ablation of the avascular retina with laser photocoagulation remains the current gold standard and well established therapy for ROP, some new therapeutic options including angiostatic therapies are being explored based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the ROP and complications and efficacy of laser treatment. However, prevention of the development of severe ROP and screening for ROP seem to be the best strategy in avoiding visual impairment caused by ROP in premature infants. New therapeutic interventions including vascular endothelial growth factor antibody administration, gene therapy and supplemental therapies should be supported with evidence-based data for the treatment of ROP.
文摘AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) and the sensitivity of current screening criteria in a tertiary eye center in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational study, neonates weighing ≤2000 grams at birth or born <34 wk gestational age(GA) and all other infants at risk of ROP admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) or referred to our ROP clinic were investigated. The incidence of ROP and severe ROP(i.e. patients needing treatment) were determined. The associations between risk factors and the development and severity of ROP were assessed. We also examined the sensitivity of the current national screening guideline in Iran. RESULTS: Among 207 infants, the incidence of ROP and severe ROP was 33.3% and 11.1%, respectively. Mean GA and birth weight(BW) were significantly lower in ROP vs non-ROP infants(29±2 wk vs 33±3 wk, P<0.001;1274±489 g vs 1916±550 g, P<0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis displayed significant association between ROP incidence and GA, BW, NICU admission period, blood transfusion, surfactant usage, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus(P<0.05 for all). BW [relative risk(RR): 0.857(0.711-0.873), P<0.001], GA [RR: 0.788(0.711-0.873), P<0.001] and blood transfusion [RR: 1.888(0.995-3.583), P=0.052] were independent ROP risk factors. The sensitivity of country-specific screening guidelines was 95.7% and 100% for overall and severe ROP detection, respectively. CONCLUSION: ROP incidence is relatively high in Iran. Identifying ROP risk factors results in more accurate screening and reduces the risk of irreversible vision loss. The ROP screening criteria utilized in Iran are efficient at the present time.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of preterm babies, ROP has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness throughout the world. A simple screening test done within a few weeks after birth by an ophthalmologist can avoid this preventable blindness. Although screening guidelines and protocols are strictly followed in the developed nations, it lacks in developing economies like India and China, which have the highest number of preterm deliveries in the world. The burden of this blindness in these countries is set to increase tremendously in the future, if corrective steps are not taken immediately. ROP first emerged in 1940 s and 1950 s, when it was called retrolental fibroplasia. Several epidemics of this disease were and are still occurring in different regions of the world and since then a lot of research has been done on this disease. However, till date very few comprehensive review articles covering all the aspects of ROP are published. This review highlights the past, present and future strategies in managing this disease. It would help the pediatricians to update their current knowledge on ROP.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570873)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(No.2015JM8481)
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity（ROP） is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants.Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP.However,there are still many children with ROP suffering by severe limitations in vision or even blindness.Recently,ROP has been suggested to be caused by abnormal development of the retinal vasculature,but not simply resulted by retinal neovascularization which takes about 4 to 6 wk after birth in premature infants.Thus,instead of focusing on how to reduce retinal neovascularization,understanding the pathological changes and mechanisms that occur prior to retinal neovascularization is meaningful,which may lead to identify novel target（s） for the development of novel strategy to promote the healthy growth of retinal blood vessels rather than passively waiting for the appearance of retinal neovascularization and removing it by force.In this review,we discussed recent studies about,1） the pathogenesis prior to retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy（OIR;a ROP in animal model） and in premature infants with ROP;2） the preclinical and clinical research on preventive treatment of early OIR and ROP.We will not only highlight the importance of the mechanisms and signalling pathways in regulating early stage of ROP but also will provide guidance for actively exploring novel mechanisms and discovering novel treatments for early phase OIR and ROP prior to retinal neovascularization in the future.
文摘The Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway was shown to participate in the process of retinal development and angiogenesis. However, the function of the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway in retinopathy of prematurity requires further study. Retinopathy of prematurity was induced in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days, and then returned to room air. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot revealed that Delta-like ligand 4 levels decreased at postnatal day 12 and increased at postnatal day 17 in retinopathy of prematurity rats. Flat-mounted adenosine diphosphatase stained retina and hematoxylin-eosin stained retinal tissue slices showed that the clock hour scores and the nuclei counts in retinopathy of prematurity rats were significantly different compared to normal control rats. After retinopathy of prematurity rats were intravitreally injected with Delta-like ligand 4 monoclonal antibody to inhibit the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway, there was a significant increase in the severity of retinal neovascularization （clock hours） in the intravitreally injected eyes. The nuclei count was highly correlated with the clock hour score. These results suggest that Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling plays an essential role in the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the retina.
基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China (No.2011B031800105)
文摘AIMTo evaluate the incidence of spontaneous regression of changes in the retina and vitreous in active stage of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) and identify the possible relative factors during the regression.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81500722)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)by the WINROP algorithm(http://winrop.com)in Southern China.METHODS:All preterm infants with the gestational age(GA)less than 32 wk were included.Their ROP screening results and serial postnatal body weight were analysed retrospectively.Weekly body weight was entered into and measured by the WINROP system.The outcomes were analysed,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value(NPV)were calculated.RESULTS:Totally 432 infants with a median GA of 30.0(24.0-31.9)wk,and a median birth weight(BW)of 1360(540-2700)g were included.Among these 432 infants,50 were diagnosed as type 1 ROP but only 28 were identified by the WINROP algorithm.The sensitivity was 56%(28/50)and the NPV was 92%(252/274).However,for infants with BW<1000g or GA<28 wk,the sensitivity was 93.8%(15/16)and 93.3%(14/15),respectively.Meanwhile,with several postnatal complications added as additional risk factors,the sensitivity was increased to 96%(48/50).CONCLUSION:The sensitivity of the WINROP algorithm from the Southern Chinese cohort is not as high as that reported in developed countries.This algorithm is effective for detecting severe ROP from extremely small or preterm infants.Modification of the algorithm with additional risk factors could improve the predictive value for infants with a GA>28 wk in China.
文摘AIM: To evaluate foveal vessel density(VD) and foveal thickness using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) children treated with laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) injection. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between foveal microvascular anomalies and different therapies in ROP children.METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of type 1 ROP. Twenty-three eyes(14 patients) treated with anti-VEGF injection and twentynine eyes(17 patients) treated with laser coagulation were included in this study. The foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were measured at the central 0°, 2° to 8°, and 8° of the retina(centered on the fovea) using OCTA and cross-sectional OCT, respectively.RESULTS: Foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were significantly smaller within the central 8° of the retina in ROP children treated with anti-VEGF injection than in those treated with laser photocoagulation(P=0.013, 0.009, 0.036, respectively). The full thickness was also smaller in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group at the central 0° of the retina(P=0.010). The grade of foveal hypoplasia is lower in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group(P=0.045). Multivariable analysis did not find any risk factors associated with visual acuity in our study.CONCLUSION: In children with type 1 ROP, the better structural development of fovea in those who were treated with anti-VEGF injection compared with laser photocoagulation are identified. However, visual acuity outcomes are similar 70 mo after the treatments.
文摘AIM:To describe the involution patterns of vessel growth of retina through fluorescein angiography(FA)of children,who had been under treatment up to 1 y previously intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)as monotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:This is a retrospective study.The medical information and FA of 17 children(34 eyes)whose area of avascular retina from the ora serrata was more than two disc diameters(DD)were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 34 eyes,all were the presence of finger-shaped vessels and arteriolar-venular shunts(100%,34/34 eyes).Popcorn abnormalities were found in most of the eyes(94.1%,32/34 eyes).Furthermore,in many cases(23.5%,8/34 eyes),there were leakage persisting in the region of the junction between avascular and vascular retina.In contrast,just 2 eyes(5.9%)showed damage of retinal capillary bed and 3 eyes(8.8%)showed large area of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)atrophy.CONCLUSION:Although IVR can be very effective in ROP,we should remain cautious as infants may remain avascular peripheral retinas and abnormal vessel.FA allows accurate visualization of vessel abnormalities in eyes with ROP,which will be helpful to affect assessment of disease activity and therapeutic effect.
文摘AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age (GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP (18.3%) than singleton babies (9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies. CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770936)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021SF-159,No.2017SF-222,No.2015SF-217)。
文摘AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database.The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods(P1:2008-2013,P2:2014-2019).Gender,gestational age(GA),birth weight(BW),multiple births,delivery pattern,and postmenstrual age of the first fundus screen were analyzed in all visiting infants.RESULTS:During the 12-year study period,7832 infants were initially included;among them,1266(16.16%)were diagnosed with ROP,441 of whom(5.63%)developed severe ROP.Throughout the study period,the total number of infants being screened showed a trend of slight fluctuation after a rapid increase;however,an annual increase was observed in the number of infants diagnosed with ROP and severe ROP.The proportion of each stage at the first screening of infants with ROP was stable.The detection rate of ROP increased from 2.33%in 2008 to 16.18%in 2010,decreased to 10.73%in 2014,and then increased to 27.47%in 2019.For severe ROP,the detection rate gradually increased from 0 in 2008 to 12.49%in 2019.Among the infants with ROP,96(7.58%)did not meet the screening criteria set by the Chinese Medical Association in 2014(GA<32wk,or BW<2000 g);among them,14(1.11%)needed treatment because of severe ROP.CONCLUSION:From 2008 to 2019,the detection rates of ROP and severe ROP in infants screened in Northwest China were 16.16%and 5.63%,respectively.The characteristics of the ROP infants were similar to those in other middle-income regions.The"tertiary prevention network of ROP"is a potentially effective screening approach.
基金Supported by Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(No.RDY2017-17)
文摘AIM: To explore the process of retinal vascularization and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR) as monotherapy.METHODS: Infants with type 1 ROP who received IVR as primary treatment from August 2014 to October 2016 at Peking University People’s Hospital’s Ophthalmology Department were included in the study. All eyes received 0.25 mg ranibizumab at initial treatment. Retinal vascularization was evaluated clinically. Potential risk factors were also recorded and examined.RESULTS: Retinal vascularization was completed in 126 eyes(62.7%), and retinal vascularization terminated in zone II and zone III with 16 eyes(7.9%) and 44 eyes(21.9%), respectively, after more than 1-year follow-up. In multivariate regression analysis, lower birth weight(BW), severity of ROP and repeated injections were found to be risk factors for peripheral avascular area(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study, 29.8% of the ROP eyes treated with ranibizumab have peripheral avascular area at the last follow-up. Lighter BW and the severity of ROP are risk factors. Furthermore, repeated injections also increase the risk of retinal peripheral avascular area remaining in ROP patients.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=68)and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment(n=50)were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length as follows:1 d prior to laser treatment,and 3,6,9,and 12 mo after the laser treatment.RESULTS:The mean birth weight,gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g,26.66±2.42 wk,36.26±2.73 wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g,27.28±2.10 wk,36.56±2.54 wk in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups.Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups(P<0.001 for each).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment.Measurements of the lens thickness at 9 th and 12 th months(9 th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm,P=0.017;12 th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm,P=0.002)and the axial length at 12 th month(19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm,P=0.031)after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group.CONCLUSION:Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600747(to YD)Startup Foundation for Doctors of Liaoning Province,China,No.201501020(to YD)
文摘Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)regulates the proliferation and migration of human retinal endothelial cells,as well as retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.Based on similarities between the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and diabetic retinopathy,lncRNA may also play a role in ROP.Seven-day-old mice were administered 75±2% oxygen for 5 days and normoxic air for another 5 days to establish a ROP model.Expression of lncRNA and mRNA in the retinal tissue of mice was detected by high-throughput sequencing technology,and biological functions of the resulted differentially expressed RNAs were evaluated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses.The results showed that compared with the control group,57 lncRNAs were differentially expressed,including 43 upregulated and 14 downregulated,in the retinal tissue of ROP mice.Compared with control mice,42 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the retinal tissue of ROP mice,including 24 upregulated and 18 downregulated mRNAs.Differentially expressed genes were involved in ocular development and related metabolic pathways.The differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate ROP in mice via microRNAs and multiple signaling pathways.Our results revealed that these differentially expressed lncRNAs may be therapeutic targets for ROP treatment.This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University on February 25,2016(approval No.2016PS074K).
