Introduction Family physicians(FPs)provide essential support during life’s most challenging moments,including experiences of grief and loss.After a patient’s death,FPs are expected to provide information and emotion...Introduction Family physicians(FPs)provide essential support during life’s most challenging moments,including experiences of grief and loss.After a patient’s death,FPs are expected to provide information and emotional support to bereaved family members.Prior research suggests that bereaved relatives expect follow-up contact from their FP,acknowledging it as part of the physician’s role.This study aims to explore the practices and attitudes of FPs towards bereaved family members.Methods A cross-sectional,descriptive study was conducted through an online questionnaire,exploring participants’perceived role in bereavement care,the type of support offered to families,available resources in primary care,as well as personal knowledge and approach on grief.This questionnaire was distributed via digital platforms to general and family medicine doctors.Results A total of 210 physicians participated(84.3%female;53.8%in residency),with a median age of 32 years old.On average,each FP experienced five patient deaths,most often reported by family members.More than half(53.3%)contacted bereaved families in fewer than 25%of cases,typically within 7 days of the death,most commonly by phone(76.5%).Conclusion This study highlights significant gaps in the bereavement follow-up practices of FPs in Portugal.Findings emphasise the need for integrated bereavement care guidelines in primary care,institutional policies and investment in targeted training programmes to enhance grief’s approach.The reported lack of grief training reinforces the need to integrate grief education into medical curriculum and continuous professional development.Structural improvements,such as the implementation of automatic death notifications within the healthcare system,are also critical for enabling timely and effective support.展开更多
Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questi...Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.展开更多
To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was struct...To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.展开更多
The spatial optimization of best management practices(BMPs) plays a critical role in precise watershed pollution control. However, the effectiveness of BMPs exhibits a complex nonlinear dependence on both configuratio...The spatial optimization of best management practices(BMPs) plays a critical role in precise watershed pollution control. However, the effectiveness of BMPs exhibits a complex nonlinear dependence on both configuration unit scale and rainfall intensity, often leading to widespread spatiotemporal mismatches during implementation. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new framework:(a) delineating configuration units based on the implementation scale differences between structural and nonstructural BMPs;(b) incorporating BMP reduction thresholds to enable dynamic adjustment of design scales according to inflow loads;and(c) developing a staged allocation strategy tailored to varying rainfall scenarios. The framework is exemplified by an agricultural catchment in the southeastern Liaohe watershed, China. The results showed that the framework could improve the assessment accuracy and cost-effectiveness of pollution control. Specifically, neglecting BMP reduction thresholds resulted in a 51.35% underestimation of treatment costs. Incorporating these thresholds and dynamically adjusting BMP design scales reduced treatment costs by 62.70%. Furthermore, the framework facilitated more precise localization of structural BMPs(1 km^(2)) and improved optimization efficiency by 95.91%. The proposed staged allocation strategy ensured water quality compliance under varying rainfall intensities. Structural BMPs primarily addressed pollution from light to moderate rainfall in the initial stage, while nonstructural BMPs targeted heavy rainfall pollution in the subsequent stage. The proposed framework may enhance the spatiotemporal adaptability of BMP configuration to respond to the threats posed by climate change and human activities. It can also be extended to other agriculture-dominated watersheds.展开更多
This study investigates how to pedagogically integrate ideological education with competency development in the Intercultural Communication course,a challenge arising from China’s dual reform contexts of the New Libe...This study investigates how to pedagogically integrate ideological education with competency development in the Intercultural Communication course,a challenge arising from China’s dual reform contexts of the New Liberal Arts initiative and the national curriculum ideology policy.As global interactions intensify,cultivating foreign language professionals who possess both firm cultural confidence and sophisticated intercultural competence have become a critical educational imperative.This exploratory study investigates how a three-dimensional“Value-Knowledge-Competency”framework can guide the redesign of course content,task design,and assessment to achieve organic fusion.Drawing on qualitative data from a case study,it analyzes specific implementation pathways,synthesizes teacher and student feedback,and discusses the resultant challenges and broader implications for foreign language curriculum reform.The findings suggest that such an integrated approach can effectively synergize value guidance with skill cultivation,though its success hinges on overcoming issues related to pedagogical naturalness,resource allocation,and standardized evaluation.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing As...Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Method...Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Methods:Published articles were retrieved from databases including EBSCO host,PubMed,Springer,Science Direct,Ovid,and CINAHL between 2013 and 2023.Results:The finding shows a better understanding of pediatric nurses'perceptions of family-centered care in association with their clinical settings.However,the evidence indicates that integrating family-centered care components into health care services is difficult and confusing to nurses and is often not implemented in a clinical setting.As evidenced by this review,studies have consistently reported similar results;family-centered care was a good perception and understood by pediatric nurses as a concept but inconsistently used in a daily practice setting.Conclusions:This scoping review is the first phase in promoting a strategic plan to provide educational interventions for pediatric nurses to implement family-centered care in their daily practice settings.It's necessary to recognize pediatric nurses'perceptions and practices concerning family-centered care to provide optimal healthcare services in pediatric settings.展开更多
With the establishment of the Chinese Society of Gener-al Practice this year, the Chinese Medical Association (CMA)held the 2nd International Conference on GeneralPractice/Family Medicine in Beijing from Novembe...With the establishment of the Chinese Society of Gener-al Practice this year, the Chinese Medical Association (CMA)held the 2nd International Conference on GeneralPractice/Family Medicine in Beijing from November 1 to 3, 1993. Attended were over 300 physicians from all over Chinaincluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and from abroad.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are es...BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed,with 215 participants(68.25%)being female.The mean KAP scores were 17.55±5.35(range:0-24),27.65±2.77(range:8-40),and 18.88±4.23(range:6-30),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge:Age 26-35 years(β=2.80,95%CI:0.31-5.30,P=0.028),professional title(β=2.66,95%CI:0.91-4.41,P=0.003),position(β=-3.78,95%CI:-5.45 to-2.11,P<0.001),participation in IBD-related training(β=3.45,95%CI:2.39-4.51,P<0.001),and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month(β=3.25,95%CI:1.58-4.92,P<0.001).Attitude was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.15-0.26,P<0.001)and being a nurse or nursing supervisor(β=-1.30,95%CI:-2.16 to-0.40,P=0.003).Practice was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.30,P<0.001)and attitude(β=0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.42,P=0.007).Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude(β=0.24,P<0.001)and practice(β=0.26,P<0.001),as well as of attitude on practice(β=0.22,P=0.012).CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD.Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.展开更多
Family planning is known to prevent maternal deaths, but some social norms, limited supplies and inconsistent use makes this difficult to achieve in most low- and middle-income countries. In spite of the high fertilit...Family planning is known to prevent maternal deaths, but some social norms, limited supplies and inconsistent use makes this difficult to achieve in most low- and middle-income countries. In spite of the high fertility levels in most sub-Saharan African countries and the potential economic benefits of family planning, its patronage remains very low in the sub-region. This study was with the objective of identifying the levels of awareness, utilization, access to and perceptions about family planning and contraception. A cross-sectional study design was used for the study, with data collected from multiple sources using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Relevant findings included a marked disconnect between family planning/contraceptive knowledge and use. The pills and injectables were the most frequently used, but females in the study population poorly patronised emergency contraception. Supplies of most family planning methods were found to be health facility based, requiring clients to have to necessarily go there for services. Some respondents harboured perceptions that family planning was the responsibility of females alone and that it fuelled promiscuity among female users. Recommendations made include ensuring that health facilities had adequate staff and expertise to provide facility-based family planning services and also to disabuse the minds of community members of the negative perceptions towards family planning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have ...BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.展开更多
This study reflects the specificities of family small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） which are related to values, culture, and relationships with the territory （local context）. In the following sustainable a...This study reflects the specificities of family small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） which are related to values, culture, and relationships with the territory （local context）. In the following sustainable and corporate social responsibility （CSR）-oriented strategies, family businesses are ＂assisted＂ by the presence of entrepreneurial values which are tied to and derived from the social system in the territory in which they are located. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the consolidation of stable and durable relations between the family business and the local context depends on the presence of shared values between the members of the family and the stakeholders, all components of civil society are within the same territory. Such values are the fruit of a given territory＇s civic traditions. They are the result of an anthropological culture which is typical of the socioeconomic environment in which the entrepreneur, the family, and the business are all rooted, thus, they are expressions of a culture ＂of the place＂.展开更多
Objective:Practice related to the traditional postpartum confinement custom“Zuo Yuezi”vary among individuals,and its relationship with postpartum depression(PPD)remains unclear.This study aims to explore the current...Objective:Practice related to the traditional postpartum confinement custom“Zuo Yuezi”vary among individuals,and its relationship with postpartum depression(PPD)remains unclear.This study aims to explore the current practice and heterogeneity of“Zuo Yuezi”among Chinese women and to analyze its association with PPD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 women from 3 hospitals between January and February 2016.Data were collected on whether participants practiced“Zuo Yuezi”,their willingness and attitudes toward“Zuo Yuezi”,demographic characteristics,adherence to specific“Zuo Yuezi”practices,emotional experiences during the“Zuo Yuezi”period,and PPD symptoms.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was used to identify heterogeneity in“Zuo Yuezi”practices,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between practice patterns and PPD.Results:A total of 542 postpartum women completed the survey.About 98%(531/542)of participants reported practicing“Zuo Yuezi”,among whom 41.2%followed traditional customs and 29.5%followed parental advice.Approximately 95%of women practiced“Zuo Yuezi”for≥30 days,and nearly half strictly followed a 30-day“Zuo Yuezi”period.Significant heterogeneity was observed in practice components and adherence levels,with the greatest heterogeneity in dietary practices and the lowest in hygiene practices.Latent profile analysis identified 4 levels of adherence to“Zuo Yuezi”practices:low,mediumlow,medium,and high.Higher adherence was associated with belief in disease prevention,home-based“Zuo Yuezi”practices,and longer“Zuo Yuezi”duration.Lower adherence was associated with an increased risk of PPD(χ^(2)=16.103,P<0.05).Conclusion:The practice of“Zuo Yuezi”is widespread but heterogeneous.Lower adherence to“Zuo Yuezi”practices may increase the risk of postpartum depression,highlighting the need for culturally sensitive and individualized perinatal care.展开更多
The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabete...The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligen...Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.展开更多
Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of chil...Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous but insufficient overall. An effective system of information and education from pregnancy to the first six months of life is needed to promote breastfeeding.展开更多
Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologi...Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and FMPs.Patie nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were identified.Postvasectomy semen analysis(PVSA)practices were compared between urologists and FMPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy guidelines.From 2010 to 2016,FMPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all vasectomies.PVSA follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PVSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PVSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,P<0.01).FMPs had a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PVSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,P<0.01).Both groups made appropriate changes in the timing of the first PVSA,but FMPs continued to obtain PVSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01).FMPs had a higher rate of positive results in PVSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.01).Significant differences in PVSA utilization between FMPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in 2012.In summary,FMPs obtained multiple PVSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PVSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology specialties.Furthermore,FMPs had more positive results on PVSAs obtained within the recommended window.展开更多
This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attrib...This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept were extracted from the target literature. The analysis revealed two attributes (“connecting people to people” and “connecting people to objects”);two antecedents (“recognition of artifacts” and “selection of artifacts”);and two consequences (“designing a fulfilling learning environment” and “improving the quality of education”). The concept was defined as “promoting the utilization of artifacts by recognizing and selecting them, connecting people to people and people to objects, designing a fulfilling learning environment, and improving the quality of education”.展开更多
文摘Introduction Family physicians(FPs)provide essential support during life’s most challenging moments,including experiences of grief and loss.After a patient’s death,FPs are expected to provide information and emotional support to bereaved family members.Prior research suggests that bereaved relatives expect follow-up contact from their FP,acknowledging it as part of the physician’s role.This study aims to explore the practices and attitudes of FPs towards bereaved family members.Methods A cross-sectional,descriptive study was conducted through an online questionnaire,exploring participants’perceived role in bereavement care,the type of support offered to families,available resources in primary care,as well as personal knowledge and approach on grief.This questionnaire was distributed via digital platforms to general and family medicine doctors.Results A total of 210 physicians participated(84.3%female;53.8%in residency),with a median age of 32 years old.On average,each FP experienced five patient deaths,most often reported by family members.More than half(53.3%)contacted bereaved families in fewer than 25%of cases,typically within 7 days of the death,most commonly by phone(76.5%).Conclusion This study highlights significant gaps in the bereavement follow-up practices of FPs in Portugal.Findings emphasise the need for integrated bereavement care guidelines in primary care,institutional policies and investment in targeted training programmes to enhance grief’s approach.The reported lack of grief training reinforces the need to integrate grief education into medical curriculum and continuous professional development.Structural improvements,such as the implementation of automatic death notifications within the healthcare system,are also critical for enabling timely and effective support.
基金funded by UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund through the Economic and Social Research Council(grant reference:ES/T004959/1)with additional partial support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa(grant CSUR230503101533)。
文摘Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Higher Education Teaching Quality and Reform Projects of Guangdong Province(Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.9,Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.30)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110973)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Young Innovative Talents Project of General Colleges and Universities(2023KQNCX089)Quality Engineering and Teaching Reform Projects of Zhaoqing University(zlgc202239,zlgc202207,zlgc2024005,zlgc2024038).
文摘To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.
基金supported by the Fund for Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52221003)。
文摘The spatial optimization of best management practices(BMPs) plays a critical role in precise watershed pollution control. However, the effectiveness of BMPs exhibits a complex nonlinear dependence on both configuration unit scale and rainfall intensity, often leading to widespread spatiotemporal mismatches during implementation. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new framework:(a) delineating configuration units based on the implementation scale differences between structural and nonstructural BMPs;(b) incorporating BMP reduction thresholds to enable dynamic adjustment of design scales according to inflow loads;and(c) developing a staged allocation strategy tailored to varying rainfall scenarios. The framework is exemplified by an agricultural catchment in the southeastern Liaohe watershed, China. The results showed that the framework could improve the assessment accuracy and cost-effectiveness of pollution control. Specifically, neglecting BMP reduction thresholds resulted in a 51.35% underestimation of treatment costs. Incorporating these thresholds and dynamically adjusting BMP design scales reduced treatment costs by 62.70%. Furthermore, the framework facilitated more precise localization of structural BMPs(1 km^(2)) and improved optimization efficiency by 95.91%. The proposed staged allocation strategy ensured water quality compliance under varying rainfall intensities. Structural BMPs primarily addressed pollution from light to moderate rainfall in the initial stage, while nonstructural BMPs targeted heavy rainfall pollution in the subsequent stage. The proposed framework may enhance the spatiotemporal adaptability of BMP configuration to respond to the threats posed by climate change and human activities. It can also be extended to other agriculture-dominated watersheds.
基金Funding Source:2024 Heilongjiang Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Key Research Project.Project Name:Practice and Exploration of Curriculum-Based Political Education in the Intercultural Communication Course Under the New Liberal Arts Framework(Grant No.SJGZB2024063).
文摘This study investigates how to pedagogically integrate ideological education with competency development in the Intercultural Communication course,a challenge arising from China’s dual reform contexts of the New Liberal Arts initiative and the national curriculum ideology policy.As global interactions intensify,cultivating foreign language professionals who possess both firm cultural confidence and sophisticated intercultural competence have become a critical educational imperative.This exploratory study investigates how a three-dimensional“Value-Knowledge-Competency”framework can guide the redesign of course content,task design,and assessment to achieve organic fusion.Drawing on qualitative data from a case study,it analyzes specific implementation pathways,synthesizes teacher and student feedback,and discusses the resultant challenges and broader implications for foreign language curriculum reform.The findings suggest that such an integrated approach can effectively synergize value guidance with skill cultivation,though its success hinges on overcoming issues related to pedagogical naturalness,resource allocation,and standardized evaluation.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
文摘Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Methods:Published articles were retrieved from databases including EBSCO host,PubMed,Springer,Science Direct,Ovid,and CINAHL between 2013 and 2023.Results:The finding shows a better understanding of pediatric nurses'perceptions of family-centered care in association with their clinical settings.However,the evidence indicates that integrating family-centered care components into health care services is difficult and confusing to nurses and is often not implemented in a clinical setting.As evidenced by this review,studies have consistently reported similar results;family-centered care was a good perception and understood by pediatric nurses as a concept but inconsistently used in a daily practice setting.Conclusions:This scoping review is the first phase in promoting a strategic plan to provide educational interventions for pediatric nurses to implement family-centered care in their daily practice settings.It's necessary to recognize pediatric nurses'perceptions and practices concerning family-centered care to provide optimal healthcare services in pediatric settings.
文摘With the establishment of the Chinese Society of Gener-al Practice this year, the Chinese Medical Association (CMA)held the 2nd International Conference on GeneralPractice/Family Medicine in Beijing from November 1 to 3, 1993. Attended were over 300 physicians from all over Chinaincluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and from abroad.
文摘BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed,with 215 participants(68.25%)being female.The mean KAP scores were 17.55±5.35(range:0-24),27.65±2.77(range:8-40),and 18.88±4.23(range:6-30),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge:Age 26-35 years(β=2.80,95%CI:0.31-5.30,P=0.028),professional title(β=2.66,95%CI:0.91-4.41,P=0.003),position(β=-3.78,95%CI:-5.45 to-2.11,P<0.001),participation in IBD-related training(β=3.45,95%CI:2.39-4.51,P<0.001),and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month(β=3.25,95%CI:1.58-4.92,P<0.001).Attitude was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.15-0.26,P<0.001)and being a nurse or nursing supervisor(β=-1.30,95%CI:-2.16 to-0.40,P=0.003).Practice was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.30,P<0.001)and attitude(β=0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.42,P=0.007).Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude(β=0.24,P<0.001)and practice(β=0.26,P<0.001),as well as of attitude on practice(β=0.22,P=0.012).CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD.Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.
文摘Family planning is known to prevent maternal deaths, but some social norms, limited supplies and inconsistent use makes this difficult to achieve in most low- and middle-income countries. In spite of the high fertility levels in most sub-Saharan African countries and the potential economic benefits of family planning, its patronage remains very low in the sub-region. This study was with the objective of identifying the levels of awareness, utilization, access to and perceptions about family planning and contraception. A cross-sectional study design was used for the study, with data collected from multiple sources using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Relevant findings included a marked disconnect between family planning/contraceptive knowledge and use. The pills and injectables were the most frequently used, but females in the study population poorly patronised emergency contraception. Supplies of most family planning methods were found to be health facility based, requiring clients to have to necessarily go there for services. Some respondents harboured perceptions that family planning was the responsibility of females alone and that it fuelled promiscuity among female users. Recommendations made include ensuring that health facilities had adequate staff and expertise to provide facility-based family planning services and also to disabuse the minds of community members of the negative perceptions towards family planning.
文摘BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.
文摘This study reflects the specificities of family small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） which are related to values, culture, and relationships with the territory （local context）. In the following sustainable and corporate social responsibility （CSR）-oriented strategies, family businesses are ＂assisted＂ by the presence of entrepreneurial values which are tied to and derived from the social system in the territory in which they are located. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the consolidation of stable and durable relations between the family business and the local context depends on the presence of shared values between the members of the family and the stakeholders, all components of civil society are within the same territory. Such values are the fruit of a given territory＇s civic traditions. They are the result of an anthropological culture which is typical of the socioeconomic environment in which the entrepreneur, the family, and the business are all rooted, thus, they are expressions of a culture ＂of the place＂.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82273643 and 81973059)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ30712)+1 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Committee Class A Project(2025JJ20095)the Nutrition and Care of Maternal&Child Research Fund Project of Biostime Institute of Nutrition&Care(2018BINCMCF31),China.
文摘Objective:Practice related to the traditional postpartum confinement custom“Zuo Yuezi”vary among individuals,and its relationship with postpartum depression(PPD)remains unclear.This study aims to explore the current practice and heterogeneity of“Zuo Yuezi”among Chinese women and to analyze its association with PPD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 women from 3 hospitals between January and February 2016.Data were collected on whether participants practiced“Zuo Yuezi”,their willingness and attitudes toward“Zuo Yuezi”,demographic characteristics,adherence to specific“Zuo Yuezi”practices,emotional experiences during the“Zuo Yuezi”period,and PPD symptoms.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was used to identify heterogeneity in“Zuo Yuezi”practices,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between practice patterns and PPD.Results:A total of 542 postpartum women completed the survey.About 98%(531/542)of participants reported practicing“Zuo Yuezi”,among whom 41.2%followed traditional customs and 29.5%followed parental advice.Approximately 95%of women practiced“Zuo Yuezi”for≥30 days,and nearly half strictly followed a 30-day“Zuo Yuezi”period.Significant heterogeneity was observed in practice components and adherence levels,with the greatest heterogeneity in dietary practices and the lowest in hygiene practices.Latent profile analysis identified 4 levels of adherence to“Zuo Yuezi”practices:low,mediumlow,medium,and high.Higher adherence was associated with belief in disease prevention,home-based“Zuo Yuezi”practices,and longer“Zuo Yuezi”duration.Lower adherence was associated with an increased risk of PPD(χ^(2)=16.103,P<0.05).Conclusion:The practice of“Zuo Yuezi”is widespread but heterogeneous.Lower adherence to“Zuo Yuezi”practices may increase the risk of postpartum depression,highlighting the need for culturally sensitive and individualized perinatal care.
文摘The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.
文摘Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.
文摘Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous but insufficient overall. An effective system of information and education from pregnancy to the first six months of life is needed to promote breastfeeding.
文摘Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and FMPs.Patie nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were identified.Postvasectomy semen analysis(PVSA)practices were compared between urologists and FMPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy guidelines.From 2010 to 2016,FMPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all vasectomies.PVSA follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PVSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PVSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,P<0.01).FMPs had a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PVSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,P<0.01).Both groups made appropriate changes in the timing of the first PVSA,but FMPs continued to obtain PVSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01).FMPs had a higher rate of positive results in PVSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.01).Significant differences in PVSA utilization between FMPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in 2012.In summary,FMPs obtained multiple PVSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PVSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology specialties.Furthermore,FMPs had more positive results on PVSAs obtained within the recommended window.
文摘This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept were extracted from the target literature. The analysis revealed two attributes (“connecting people to people” and “connecting people to objects”);two antecedents (“recognition of artifacts” and “selection of artifacts”);and two consequences (“designing a fulfilling learning environment” and “improving the quality of education”). The concept was defined as “promoting the utilization of artifacts by recognizing and selecting them, connecting people to people and people to objects, designing a fulfilling learning environment, and improving the quality of education”.
