Citrus canker,caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc),is a globally quarantine disease infecting nearly all Citrus cultivars.Citron C-05 has been identified with complete and active resistance to Xcc.However,the ...Citrus canker,caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc),is a globally quarantine disease infecting nearly all Citrus cultivars.Citron C-05 has been identified with complete and active resistance to Xcc.However,the mechanism underlying Citron C-05's resistance to Xcc remains elusive.We identified a gene cluster on chromosome 8 of the citrus genome comprising five pathogenesis-related 4-like genes.PR4A was upregulated in Citron C-05 leaves under Xcc infection,exhibiting the highest expression among these PR4-like genes.In addition,PR4A expression was higher in leaves of disease-resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes under Xcc invasion.Bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and Split-Luc assays indicated that CmWRKY75,a positive regulator of PR4A,interacted with pthA4 and upregulated expression of PR4A in Citron C-05 leaves.Regulatory function for the expression of CmPR4A was localized to a 516-nucleotide region upstream of the translational start site,which was designated Pro CmPR4A-P516.Transient overexpression of CmPR4A improved resistance to Xcc in sweet orange,and three transgenic lines of OE-CmPR4A exhibited resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000)in Arabidopsis.Furthermore,CmSMU2 was identified through yeast two-hybrid library using CmPR4A as bait,Bi FC and Split-Luc assays further verified their interaction.Transient overexpression of CmSMU2 in sweet orange increased resistance to Xcc.Co-expression of CmSMU2 and CmPR4A enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared to CmSMU2 or CmPR4A,indicating that they may synergistically enhance resistance to Xcc in citrus.These findings lay the groundwork for a theoretical analysis of the mechanism underlying the resistance of Citron C-05 against citrus canker.展开更多
LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well ...LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well as excellent photocatalytic performance.Although exhibiting great promise,the low solar power employment efficiency of LnVO_(4) materials has limited its further development and application.However,recent breakthroughs have been made in both heightening its photocatalysis efficiency and elu-cidating the essential photocatalytic mechanisms.Therefore,it is important to review and summarize recent research progress on LnVO_(4) nanomaterials and their applications.In this review,we systemat-ically report on and examine recent computational and experimental advances in the modification of LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts through morphology adjustment,elemental doping,phase structure modula-tion,crystal facet modulation,defect modulation,heterostructure,and beyond.Thereafter,we outline cur-rent promising photocatalytic applications and discuss challenges/expected upcoming research aims for LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts.Our goal is to furnish guidance for the reasonable design and preparation of highly efficient LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)-based photocatalytic materials for sundry applications.展开更多
研究了顺序资源共享分配系统的建模模型S4PR(Systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的活性问题.已有的研究成果表明,一个S4PR网在所有信标都满足max,max或max-controlled时能保持活性,但现有的活性条件对信标的限制...研究了顺序资源共享分配系统的建模模型S4PR(Systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的活性问题.已有的研究成果表明,一个S4PR网在所有信标都满足max,max或max-controlled时能保持活性,但现有的活性条件对信标的限制严格且不适用于某些网系统,本文提出了一类名为max*-controlled的改进型条件,并证明了当一个S4PR网的所有信标都满足max*-controlled条件时,网系统能保持活性.与现有的其他条件相比,新的活性条件更加宽松,为设计更高允许度的死锁预防或者活性保持监控器提供了理论支撑.展开更多
研究了S4PR(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的虹吸寻找问题.S4PR网是一类典型的用于建模顺序资源共享分配系统的Petri网模型.在S4PR网中,虹吸的不充分标识会导致死锁.现有的虹吸寻找算法得到的虹吸集合中,存...研究了S4PR(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的虹吸寻找问题.S4PR网是一类典型的用于建模顺序资源共享分配系统的Petri网模型.在S4PR网中,虹吸的不充分标识会导致死锁.现有的虹吸寻找算法得到的虹吸集合中,存在着不需要进行控制的冗余虹吸,对其添加控制器将会导致控制的冗余和受控系统行为允许度的降低.提出了一种基于混合整数规划(MIP)的虹吸寻找方法,并证明了当该方法没有合适的解时,网系统是活的.与现有的其他算法相比,这一方法能直接获取一个极小的虹吸,并剔除一些并不需要控制的虹吸,因此能用于设计更高允许度的虹吸控制器.应用实例说明了其用于死锁预防策略的可行性和有效性.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402500 and 31741110)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(21B0220)。
文摘Citrus canker,caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc),is a globally quarantine disease infecting nearly all Citrus cultivars.Citron C-05 has been identified with complete and active resistance to Xcc.However,the mechanism underlying Citron C-05's resistance to Xcc remains elusive.We identified a gene cluster on chromosome 8 of the citrus genome comprising five pathogenesis-related 4-like genes.PR4A was upregulated in Citron C-05 leaves under Xcc infection,exhibiting the highest expression among these PR4-like genes.In addition,PR4A expression was higher in leaves of disease-resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes under Xcc invasion.Bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and Split-Luc assays indicated that CmWRKY75,a positive regulator of PR4A,interacted with pthA4 and upregulated expression of PR4A in Citron C-05 leaves.Regulatory function for the expression of CmPR4A was localized to a 516-nucleotide region upstream of the translational start site,which was designated Pro CmPR4A-P516.Transient overexpression of CmPR4A improved resistance to Xcc in sweet orange,and three transgenic lines of OE-CmPR4A exhibited resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000)in Arabidopsis.Furthermore,CmSMU2 was identified through yeast two-hybrid library using CmPR4A as bait,Bi FC and Split-Luc assays further verified their interaction.Transient overexpression of CmSMU2 in sweet orange increased resistance to Xcc.Co-expression of CmSMU2 and CmPR4A enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared to CmSMU2 or CmPR4A,indicating that they may synergistically enhance resistance to Xcc in citrus.These findings lay the groundwork for a theoretical analysis of the mechanism underlying the resistance of Citron C-05 against citrus canker.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22076068,8111310014)(China)Global Research Initiative for Sustainable Low-Carbon Unconventional Resources(Canada)University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF)program(Canada).
文摘LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well as excellent photocatalytic performance.Although exhibiting great promise,the low solar power employment efficiency of LnVO_(4) materials has limited its further development and application.However,recent breakthroughs have been made in both heightening its photocatalysis efficiency and elu-cidating the essential photocatalytic mechanisms.Therefore,it is important to review and summarize recent research progress on LnVO_(4) nanomaterials and their applications.In this review,we systemat-ically report on and examine recent computational and experimental advances in the modification of LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts through morphology adjustment,elemental doping,phase structure modula-tion,crystal facet modulation,defect modulation,heterostructure,and beyond.Thereafter,we outline cur-rent promising photocatalytic applications and discuss challenges/expected upcoming research aims for LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts.Our goal is to furnish guidance for the reasonable design and preparation of highly efficient LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)-based photocatalytic materials for sundry applications.
文摘研究了顺序资源共享分配系统的建模模型S4PR(Systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的活性问题.已有的研究成果表明,一个S4PR网在所有信标都满足max,max或max-controlled时能保持活性,但现有的活性条件对信标的限制严格且不适用于某些网系统,本文提出了一类名为max*-controlled的改进型条件,并证明了当一个S4PR网的所有信标都满足max*-controlled条件时,网系统能保持活性.与现有的其他条件相比,新的活性条件更加宽松,为设计更高允许度的死锁预防或者活性保持监控器提供了理论支撑.
文摘研究了S4PR(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网的虹吸寻找问题.S4PR网是一类典型的用于建模顺序资源共享分配系统的Petri网模型.在S4PR网中,虹吸的不充分标识会导致死锁.现有的虹吸寻找算法得到的虹吸集合中,存在着不需要进行控制的冗余虹吸,对其添加控制器将会导致控制的冗余和受控系统行为允许度的降低.提出了一种基于混合整数规划(MIP)的虹吸寻找方法,并证明了当该方法没有合适的解时,网系统是活的.与现有的其他算法相比,这一方法能直接获取一个极小的虹吸,并剔除一些并不需要控制的虹吸,因此能用于设计更高允许度的虹吸控制器.应用实例说明了其用于死锁预防策略的可行性和有效性.
