Dear Editor,Swinepox virus(SWPV)belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Varicellovirus(Lefkowitz et al.,2018).It exhibits the typical brick-shaped morphology and envelope structure charac...Dear Editor,Swinepox virus(SWPV)belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Varicellovirus(Lefkowitz et al.,2018).It exhibits the typical brick-shaped morphology and envelope structure characteristic of poxviruses.Its genome is a 146 kbp linear double-stranded DNA encoding approximately 150 genes(Moorkamp et al.,2008;Schwarz et al.,2024).SWPV is highly host-specific,infecting only domestic pigs and wild boars.Transmission occurs through direct contact with infectious scabs,congenital transmission,or mechanical transmission by arthropods such as pig lice and house flies.The disease is more likely to occur in pig farms with poor sanitation conditions(Borst et al.,1990;Jindal,2015;Kaiser et al.,2021;Kumar et al.,2023;Riyesh et al.,2016).展开更多
Monkeypox virus(MPXV),which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus,causes zoonotic viral disease.This review discusses the biology,epidemiology,and evolution of MPXV infection,particularly cellular,human,and viral factors...Monkeypox virus(MPXV),which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus,causes zoonotic viral disease.This review discusses the biology,epidemiology,and evolution of MPXV infection,particularly cellular,human,and viral factors,virus transmission dynamics,infection,and persistence in nature.This review also describes the role of recombination,gene loss,and gene gain in MPXV evolvement and the role of signal transduction in MPXV infection and provides an overview of the current access to therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of MPXV.Finally,this review highlighted gaps in knowledge and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.展开更多
The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in eff...The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in effect following the second declaration on August 14,2024[1,2].The causative agent,mpox virus(MPXV),is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus within the family Poxviridae[3].MPXV produce two antigenically distinct infectious virion forms:intracellular mature virions(IMVs)and extracellular enveloped virions(EEVs).Currently,the prevention and control of mpox have several challenges,including sustained human-to-human transmission,the increasing frequency and geographic spread of outbreaks,and ongoing viral adaptive evolution[4].These challenges are likely driven by the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination and the waning immunity in current population cohorts.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1800300 and 2022YFD1800800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072841).
文摘Dear Editor,Swinepox virus(SWPV)belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Varicellovirus(Lefkowitz et al.,2018).It exhibits the typical brick-shaped morphology and envelope structure characteristic of poxviruses.Its genome is a 146 kbp linear double-stranded DNA encoding approximately 150 genes(Moorkamp et al.,2008;Schwarz et al.,2024).SWPV is highly host-specific,infecting only domestic pigs and wild boars.Transmission occurs through direct contact with infectious scabs,congenital transmission,or mechanical transmission by arthropods such as pig lice and house flies.The disease is more likely to occur in pig farms with poor sanitation conditions(Borst et al.,1990;Jindal,2015;Kaiser et al.,2021;Kumar et al.,2023;Riyesh et al.,2016).
文摘Monkeypox virus(MPXV),which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus,causes zoonotic viral disease.This review discusses the biology,epidemiology,and evolution of MPXV infection,particularly cellular,human,and viral factors,virus transmission dynamics,infection,and persistence in nature.This review also describes the role of recombination,gene loss,and gene gain in MPXV evolvement and the role of signal transduction in MPXV infection and provides an overview of the current access to therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of MPXV.Finally,this review highlighted gaps in knowledge and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2025YFC2311800 to H.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 32270157 to H.W.)the Beijing Nova Program(to H.W.).
文摘The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in effect following the second declaration on August 14,2024[1,2].The causative agent,mpox virus(MPXV),is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus within the family Poxviridae[3].MPXV produce two antigenically distinct infectious virion forms:intracellular mature virions(IMVs)and extracellular enveloped virions(EEVs).Currently,the prevention and control of mpox have several challenges,including sustained human-to-human transmission,the increasing frequency and geographic spread of outbreaks,and ongoing viral adaptive evolution[4].These challenges are likely driven by the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination and the waning immunity in current population cohorts.
