Under the setting of globalization, in the late 1970s, China began to carry out 'the reform and opening-up policy'. During 30 years reform process, Chinese economy has a great growth. The 'market mechanism...Under the setting of globalization, in the late 1970s, China began to carry out 'the reform and opening-up policy'. During 30 years reform process, Chinese economy has a great growth. The 'market mechanism' and its effectiveness were adopted by Chinese people. With the deep reform of health system, Chinese government delegates more decision-making power to the hospitals, thus 'in employment terms, as two of largest industries (health and education) in every country' (Meadmore P. 1999 p.91), the reform of education has become a hot topic in social debate. In other words, in the field of education in China today, marketization of education is highly focused, causing concerns of various social classes: What are the reforms? What are the results reforms bring about? On exploring the effects of globalization on Chinese education in modernity and presenting advantages and disadvantages in the process of the 'market mechanism' working in and through education to reconsider a market education system creates an external competition for public schools.展开更多
Postmodernism is defined firstly on the analysis of both the divergence and correlation among the concepts of modernism,modernity and postmodernity.Mass media is chosen as a study case because postmodernism can find a...Postmodernism is defined firstly on the analysis of both the divergence and correlation among the concepts of modernism,modernity and postmodernity.Mass media is chosen as a study case because postmodernism can find a complete reflection in it while the development of mass media will consolidate the postmodern thought.They're interweaving in many ways.展开更多
Yossarian is the hero in Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller in 1961,bearing the typical"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.This paper aims at giving some of the examples to mak...Yossarian is the hero in Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller in 1961,bearing the typical"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.This paper aims at giving some of the examples to make readers clearer of the Black Humor and more familiar with the"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.展开更多
As one of the masterpieces for Don Delillo, Libra was regarded as a classic postmodern novel once after its publication. Based on Kennedy assassination, this novel mainly deals with the isolation and dissimilation fee...As one of the masterpieces for Don Delillo, Libra was regarded as a classic postmodern novel once after its publication. Based on Kennedy assassination, this novel mainly deals with the isolation and dissimilation feelings for the American citizens. As a representative postmodern novel, Libra＇s stylistic features and narrative strategies are both quite typical. This thesis will discuss its narrative angles, its narrative structure and its dialogue expressions in order to understand Libra＇s postmodern narrative technique.展开更多
The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage...The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.展开更多
"Deconstruction",coined by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s,attempts to subvert the tradition of Western philosophy with "logo centrism" as its primary target.Deconstruction's co..."Deconstruction",coined by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s,attempts to subvert the tradition of Western philosophy with "logo centrism" as its primary target.Deconstruction's concern on binary oppositions inspires the feminists and provides them with the philosophical ground to understand gender inequality and rebel against the classic dualities of Western "phallocentrism".However,the noticeable political orientation of feminism and its firm humanitarian position compose a fundamental disagreement with the negativism and nihilism of deconstructive philosophy.This essay aims to trace the development of Western feminism at the same time identify some of the agreements and conflicts between the two theoretical trends in postmodernism;moreover,it intends to propose an idealistic attitude in the reconstruction of a harmonious society with gender equality and understanding.展开更多
This thesis mainly analyzes the content and form of Robert Morgan's postmodern poem"Mountain Graveyard". With New Criticism's method of close reading, it firstly explores the possible interpretations...This thesis mainly analyzes the content and form of Robert Morgan's postmodern poem"Mountain Graveyard". With New Criticism's method of close reading, it firstly explores the possible interpretations of the poem's content. Then it analyzes the post-modernity due to the poem's form, pointing out that with the unique form breaking traditional poetry's conventions, and the upspring of multiple meanings from the content, this poem presents brilliantly the postmodern spirit, which rejects definite centers and embraces various diversity of meaning.展开更多
Dan Brown's Angels and Demons published in 2000 directly centered on the theme of the debate upon religion and science.It is a vivid depiction of the collision of humanity and divinity,which evokes people's de...Dan Brown's Angels and Demons published in 2000 directly centered on the theme of the debate upon religion and science.It is a vivid depiction of the collision of humanity and divinity,which evokes people's deep probing to the crisis-ridden modern society.This article aims at analyzing the postmodernism writing features adopted in the theme of Angels and Demons.展开更多
In the current climate of literary experimentalism,'Gothic' may seem to some,an anachronistic term. Having spent most of the nineties as a buzz-word in literature and culture,its haunting presence appears to h...In the current climate of literary experimentalism,'Gothic' may seem to some,an anachronistic term. Having spent most of the nineties as a buzz-word in literature and culture,its haunting presence appears to have faded somewhat. With the end of TV serials such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel and the current lack of interest in the so-called Gothic images that used to inundate media and popular culture,the question arises yet again as to what significance the Gothic bears for contemporary literature?Importantly,what remains to be taken into account by such critics is the presence of fundamental Gothic elements in literary postmodernist texts. By this,I refer to works definable under the paradigm of postmodernism; experimental,radical and often metalfictional literature which problematises the relationship between reality and fiction,reader and text. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap in literary criticism by proposing a theoretical approach to postmodernist texts that are definitively Gothic.展开更多
Based on new analysis modes and new definitions with relative mathematization and simplification or strengthening forms for concepts of. generalized systems, panderivatives, pansymmetry, panbox principle, pansystems r...Based on new analysis modes and new definitions with relative mathematization and simplification or strengthening forms for concepts of. generalized systems, panderivatives, pansymmetry, panbox principle, pansystems relativity, etc., the framework and related principles of pansystems methodology and pansystems relativity are developed. Related contents include: pansystems with relatively universal mathematizing forms, 200 types of dualities, duality transformation, pansymmetry transformation, pansystems dialectics, the 8-domain method, pansystems mathematical methods, generalized quantification, the principles of approximation-transforming, pan-equivalence theorems, supply-demand analysis, thinking experiment, generalized gray systems, etc.展开更多
Literature has witnessed the appearance of many movements and approaches throughout the history.After World War II,particularly in the 1960s,postmodernism has come to surface and as an up-to-date movement,many eminent...Literature has witnessed the appearance of many movements and approaches throughout the history.After World War II,particularly in the 1960s,postmodernism has come to surface and as an up-to-date movement,many eminent critics and cultural historians have turned their concerns and attention to it.This study examines the concept of postmodernism and it explores its main characteristics that appear in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist(1986).展开更多
Exclusion is the very foundation of western metaphysics.Metaphysics as science of being qua being is founded upon concept of exclusion.Thus,to be is to be an excluding and excluded.Thus,being is a mutual exclusionary ...Exclusion is the very foundation of western metaphysics.Metaphysics as science of being qua being is founded upon concept of exclusion.Thus,to be is to be an excluding and excluded.Thus,being is a mutual exclusionary relationship between two opposites.Accordingly,exclusion is the most fundamental principle upon which the western metaphysical and logical system is based.Such exclusion can be traced to the very beginning of a Greek civilization,namely,the Greek creation myth.The author argues in this paper that the dominated western exclusionary culture has led to major conflicts.Currently it comes to an end as representing a major universal crisis at many levels.Additionally,Islamic and Christian cultures do not represent a profound alternative to western culture as they have been reshaped by western intellect.The Buddhist logic,which is founded upon totally different metaphysics,can represent a profound alternative to western exclusionary culture.展开更多
The aim is to examine Madonna’s revolution regarding gender,sexuality,politics,and religion with the focus on her songs,videos,and live performances.The main argument indicates that Madonna has used postmodern strate...The aim is to examine Madonna’s revolution regarding gender,sexuality,politics,and religion with the focus on her songs,videos,and live performances.The main argument indicates that Madonna has used postmodern strategies of representation to challenge the foundational truths of sex and gender,promote gender deconstruction and sexual multiplicity,create political sites of resistance,question the Catholic dissociation between the physical and the divine,and bring visual and musical influences from multiple cultures and marginalized identities.展开更多
The paper is actually a literary research on （re）constructing cultural image of post-yugoslavian society, formed through literary sources, i.e., poetry. Using examples of award-winning young authors--Bojan Krivokapi...The paper is actually a literary research on （re）constructing cultural image of post-yugoslavian society, formed through literary sources, i.e., poetry. Using examples of award-winning young authors--Bojan Krivokapic, Mirko Bozic, and Sima Majic, different types of so-called engaged poetry are indicated. This kind of poetry is used to subtly, critically, or in a very subversive way relate to the existing world, but also a new postmodern identity is formed through specific and carefully chosen poetic lexis, deprived of any kind of structure or limitation. The poetry of mentioned authors is used as a provisory example in order to indicate that post-war period （as well as postmodern time） changes the perception of identity, from nationally and politically oriented structure to individual and subversive, conventions-free comprehension of Oneself. Although the three authors are very different in style and expression, what brings them together is tendency to escape conventional and traditional cultural images in order to emphasize the importance of Being Different, but Equally Rightful.展开更多
In Civilization and its Discontent, Freud＇s ominous prophesy seemed to be relevant for that time, the 1930s and 1940s, when the calamity was almost nearing fulfillment in the guise of the world wars. His contention t...In Civilization and its Discontent, Freud＇s ominous prophesy seemed to be relevant for that time, the 1930s and 1940s, when the calamity was almost nearing fulfillment in the guise of the world wars. His contention that the human beings would drive themselves to extinction could perhaps be read in that context too as at the end of the treatise he referred to it as ＂human drive for aggression and self destruction.＂ He cited and discussed the workings of the libido, the life force, the sustenance and the dominant spirit and the death drive, the agency of destruction. Located on the plane of contemporary social scene, the increasing nature of human occupation in the wilderness and the potent threat to wild life have already become a valid apprehension for the future of humanity and also the natural world. Much of theory and very little of praxis have in a very thinly balanced state, contributed towards a wearisome thought and a tentative strategy of survival for those who in a sustained and persistent manner have been advocating for renewed energy, regenerated spirit for living and irreversible strength with which life and society assert themselves. In this profound challenge of modernism and postmodernism posed, hugely to man, and the natural world, the question how or whether we contain the limit of human desire chiseled and rebuilt with, market and money becomes very crucial. Desire, like capital becomes autonomous beyond conscious human intervention and moves along the tidal wave of profit, utility and self centric pragmatism and loses itself in the dark hole of self extinction bringing cataclysmic threat for an overall tragedy. To revert this maybe the same norms need to be revoked, same ethics applied to the individual and the collective, and the same warning needs to be disseminated all around that man＇s undisputed authority over nature needs to be reread and relocated. Maybe this could be achieved along the thought and priority given to woman over man, reading the stringency of convention that ousted Eve from the garden of Nature and seeing nature as the mother who defines identity first and who is a care giver. On another level, it perhaps prioritizes less and less the sickening authority of money and media functioning as the superego propelling towards a delusional plane of meaning, achievement, and Nirvana. So, it＇s back to the ecological poetics and restoration of the mind, fantasy and imagination, and Nature.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to indicate that in today＇s circumstances of time and space compression, diversification of the tourism product, and diversity and multiplicity of tourist experiences, it is necessary to ...The purpose of this paper is to indicate that in today＇s circumstances of time and space compression, diversification of the tourism product, and diversity and multiplicity of tourist experiences, it is necessary to move away from the traditional typologically rigid and narrow theoretical framework towards more flexible conceptualisations. The paper brings a theoretical overview of theorists who have been meritorious for such a shift of opinion and associated with the emergence of the postmodern thought in the contemporary tourism theory. The abandonment of tourist typologies, the shift of attention towards the existential authenticity, and the admittance that tourism is a multisensory and physical experience bear witness to the recent theoretical shift in the study of the tourist experience which stresses the importance of the individual and his/her role in the tourist industry. New forms of tourism have been emerging, which have the potential to replace or at least change the already existing forms and fundamental tourism structures. A new type of tourism demand has significantly changed the nature of tourism offer. The alterations in the tourism offer and demand and the mere nature of the tourism product are usually associated with the concept of the post-tourist. By focusing on the effects of increasing mobilities of people and objects and new ways of sensing a touristic world, this work is a contribution to new directions in tourism analysis providing an account of various tourists＇ performances that help to constitute tourist destinations.展开更多
文摘Under the setting of globalization, in the late 1970s, China began to carry out 'the reform and opening-up policy'. During 30 years reform process, Chinese economy has a great growth. The 'market mechanism' and its effectiveness were adopted by Chinese people. With the deep reform of health system, Chinese government delegates more decision-making power to the hospitals, thus 'in employment terms, as two of largest industries (health and education) in every country' (Meadmore P. 1999 p.91), the reform of education has become a hot topic in social debate. In other words, in the field of education in China today, marketization of education is highly focused, causing concerns of various social classes: What are the reforms? What are the results reforms bring about? On exploring the effects of globalization on Chinese education in modernity and presenting advantages and disadvantages in the process of the 'market mechanism' working in and through education to reconsider a market education system creates an external competition for public schools.
文摘Postmodernism is defined firstly on the analysis of both the divergence and correlation among the concepts of modernism,modernity and postmodernity.Mass media is chosen as a study case because postmodernism can find a complete reflection in it while the development of mass media will consolidate the postmodern thought.They're interweaving in many ways.
文摘Yossarian is the hero in Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller in 1961,bearing the typical"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.This paper aims at giving some of the examples to make readers clearer of the Black Humor and more familiar with the"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.
文摘As one of the masterpieces for Don Delillo, Libra was regarded as a classic postmodern novel once after its publication. Based on Kennedy assassination, this novel mainly deals with the isolation and dissimilation feelings for the American citizens. As a representative postmodern novel, Libra＇s stylistic features and narrative strategies are both quite typical. This thesis will discuss its narrative angles, its narrative structure and its dialogue expressions in order to understand Libra＇s postmodern narrative technique.
文摘The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.
文摘"Deconstruction",coined by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s,attempts to subvert the tradition of Western philosophy with "logo centrism" as its primary target.Deconstruction's concern on binary oppositions inspires the feminists and provides them with the philosophical ground to understand gender inequality and rebel against the classic dualities of Western "phallocentrism".However,the noticeable political orientation of feminism and its firm humanitarian position compose a fundamental disagreement with the negativism and nihilism of deconstructive philosophy.This essay aims to trace the development of Western feminism at the same time identify some of the agreements and conflicts between the two theoretical trends in postmodernism;moreover,it intends to propose an idealistic attitude in the reconstruction of a harmonious society with gender equality and understanding.
文摘This thesis mainly analyzes the content and form of Robert Morgan's postmodern poem"Mountain Graveyard". With New Criticism's method of close reading, it firstly explores the possible interpretations of the poem's content. Then it analyzes the post-modernity due to the poem's form, pointing out that with the unique form breaking traditional poetry's conventions, and the upspring of multiple meanings from the content, this poem presents brilliantly the postmodern spirit, which rejects definite centers and embraces various diversity of meaning.
文摘Dan Brown's Angels and Demons published in 2000 directly centered on the theme of the debate upon religion and science.It is a vivid depiction of the collision of humanity and divinity,which evokes people's deep probing to the crisis-ridden modern society.This article aims at analyzing the postmodernism writing features adopted in the theme of Angels and Demons.
文摘In the current climate of literary experimentalism,'Gothic' may seem to some,an anachronistic term. Having spent most of the nineties as a buzz-word in literature and culture,its haunting presence appears to have faded somewhat. With the end of TV serials such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel and the current lack of interest in the so-called Gothic images that used to inundate media and popular culture,the question arises yet again as to what significance the Gothic bears for contemporary literature?Importantly,what remains to be taken into account by such critics is the presence of fundamental Gothic elements in literary postmodernist texts. By this,I refer to works definable under the paradigm of postmodernism; experimental,radical and often metalfictional literature which problematises the relationship between reality and fiction,reader and text. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap in literary criticism by proposing a theoretical approach to postmodernist texts that are definitively Gothic.
文摘Based on new analysis modes and new definitions with relative mathematization and simplification or strengthening forms for concepts of. generalized systems, panderivatives, pansymmetry, panbox principle, pansystems relativity, etc., the framework and related principles of pansystems methodology and pansystems relativity are developed. Related contents include: pansystems with relatively universal mathematizing forms, 200 types of dualities, duality transformation, pansymmetry transformation, pansystems dialectics, the 8-domain method, pansystems mathematical methods, generalized quantification, the principles of approximation-transforming, pan-equivalence theorems, supply-demand analysis, thinking experiment, generalized gray systems, etc.
文摘Literature has witnessed the appearance of many movements and approaches throughout the history.After World War II,particularly in the 1960s,postmodernism has come to surface and as an up-to-date movement,many eminent critics and cultural historians have turned their concerns and attention to it.This study examines the concept of postmodernism and it explores its main characteristics that appear in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist(1986).
基金This paper was presented during my contribution in the“Congress of Philosophy the 24th”that took place in Beijing in 2018.
文摘Exclusion is the very foundation of western metaphysics.Metaphysics as science of being qua being is founded upon concept of exclusion.Thus,to be is to be an excluding and excluded.Thus,being is a mutual exclusionary relationship between two opposites.Accordingly,exclusion is the most fundamental principle upon which the western metaphysical and logical system is based.Such exclusion can be traced to the very beginning of a Greek civilization,namely,the Greek creation myth.The author argues in this paper that the dominated western exclusionary culture has led to major conflicts.Currently it comes to an end as representing a major universal crisis at many levels.Additionally,Islamic and Christian cultures do not represent a profound alternative to western culture as they have been reshaped by western intellect.The Buddhist logic,which is founded upon totally different metaphysics,can represent a profound alternative to western exclusionary culture.
文摘The aim is to examine Madonna’s revolution regarding gender,sexuality,politics,and religion with the focus on her songs,videos,and live performances.The main argument indicates that Madonna has used postmodern strategies of representation to challenge the foundational truths of sex and gender,promote gender deconstruction and sexual multiplicity,create political sites of resistance,question the Catholic dissociation between the physical and the divine,and bring visual and musical influences from multiple cultures and marginalized identities.
文摘The paper is actually a literary research on （re）constructing cultural image of post-yugoslavian society, formed through literary sources, i.e., poetry. Using examples of award-winning young authors--Bojan Krivokapic, Mirko Bozic, and Sima Majic, different types of so-called engaged poetry are indicated. This kind of poetry is used to subtly, critically, or in a very subversive way relate to the existing world, but also a new postmodern identity is formed through specific and carefully chosen poetic lexis, deprived of any kind of structure or limitation. The poetry of mentioned authors is used as a provisory example in order to indicate that post-war period （as well as postmodern time） changes the perception of identity, from nationally and politically oriented structure to individual and subversive, conventions-free comprehension of Oneself. Although the three authors are very different in style and expression, what brings them together is tendency to escape conventional and traditional cultural images in order to emphasize the importance of Being Different, but Equally Rightful.
文摘In Civilization and its Discontent, Freud＇s ominous prophesy seemed to be relevant for that time, the 1930s and 1940s, when the calamity was almost nearing fulfillment in the guise of the world wars. His contention that the human beings would drive themselves to extinction could perhaps be read in that context too as at the end of the treatise he referred to it as ＂human drive for aggression and self destruction.＂ He cited and discussed the workings of the libido, the life force, the sustenance and the dominant spirit and the death drive, the agency of destruction. Located on the plane of contemporary social scene, the increasing nature of human occupation in the wilderness and the potent threat to wild life have already become a valid apprehension for the future of humanity and also the natural world. Much of theory and very little of praxis have in a very thinly balanced state, contributed towards a wearisome thought and a tentative strategy of survival for those who in a sustained and persistent manner have been advocating for renewed energy, regenerated spirit for living and irreversible strength with which life and society assert themselves. In this profound challenge of modernism and postmodernism posed, hugely to man, and the natural world, the question how or whether we contain the limit of human desire chiseled and rebuilt with, market and money becomes very crucial. Desire, like capital becomes autonomous beyond conscious human intervention and moves along the tidal wave of profit, utility and self centric pragmatism and loses itself in the dark hole of self extinction bringing cataclysmic threat for an overall tragedy. To revert this maybe the same norms need to be revoked, same ethics applied to the individual and the collective, and the same warning needs to be disseminated all around that man＇s undisputed authority over nature needs to be reread and relocated. Maybe this could be achieved along the thought and priority given to woman over man, reading the stringency of convention that ousted Eve from the garden of Nature and seeing nature as the mother who defines identity first and who is a care giver. On another level, it perhaps prioritizes less and less the sickening authority of money and media functioning as the superego propelling towards a delusional plane of meaning, achievement, and Nirvana. So, it＇s back to the ecological poetics and restoration of the mind, fantasy and imagination, and Nature.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to indicate that in today＇s circumstances of time and space compression, diversification of the tourism product, and diversity and multiplicity of tourist experiences, it is necessary to move away from the traditional typologically rigid and narrow theoretical framework towards more flexible conceptualisations. The paper brings a theoretical overview of theorists who have been meritorious for such a shift of opinion and associated with the emergence of the postmodern thought in the contemporary tourism theory. The abandonment of tourist typologies, the shift of attention towards the existential authenticity, and the admittance that tourism is a multisensory and physical experience bear witness to the recent theoretical shift in the study of the tourist experience which stresses the importance of the individual and his/her role in the tourist industry. New forms of tourism have been emerging, which have the potential to replace or at least change the already existing forms and fundamental tourism structures. A new type of tourism demand has significantly changed the nature of tourism offer. The alterations in the tourism offer and demand and the mere nature of the tourism product are usually associated with the concept of the post-tourist. By focusing on the effects of increasing mobilities of people and objects and new ways of sensing a touristic world, this work is a contribution to new directions in tourism analysis providing an account of various tourists＇ performances that help to constitute tourist destinations.
