This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy trans...This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.展开更多
As the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature,Toni Morrison is the most outstanding African-American woman author of the 20th century and the brightest star in contemporary African-Ameri...As the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature,Toni Morrison is the most outstanding African-American woman author of the 20th century and the brightest star in contemporary African-American literary arena.Toni Morrison is a voluminous writer and she has published nine novels up to the present.Since 1980,her works have been getting more and more widespread attention from literary critics of the world since 1980s.The topic of postcolonialism has been the one of the focuses of Morrison' s novels.This paper is a literature review of Toni Morrison and postcolonialism in her works including the following points:a brief introduction to Morrison and her works,the research on Morrison,the post colonial theory and postcolonialism in Morrison' s works.展开更多
In their attempt to construct their identity in opposition to European one, non-Western new nations with alphabets such as Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic, used them as a way of emphasizing difference, and thus provide sym...In their attempt to construct their identity in opposition to European one, non-Western new nations with alphabets such as Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic, used them as a way of emphasizing difference, and thus provide symbolic spaces for the newborn nations. The illegibility of these alphabets for Western people, along with the ancient prestige of at least Hebrew and Greek, fostered the illusion of temporal continuity and provided legitimacy to their atomization projects. Odysseas Elytis （1911-1996）, Nobel Prize for Literature winner in 1979 and the last national poet of Greece, blends this old tendency in Greek culture and the broader claim of modern European poets for the essential autonomy of art and literature. His efforts to reinforce the walls separating Greece from Latin-Western culture by reinforcing the illegibility of both Greek and poetic idioms, aim at constructing a more essential Greece, founded on aesthetics, language, and writing instead of politics, institutions, or geographic borders. In this paper engaging mainly in the fields of literary and postcolonial studies, the author intends to analyze the mechanisms by which language, writing, or literature can be used to （re）cipher once again the already exclusive concept of nation, and thus to undermine every possibility of deciphering and translatability. He concludes that in “conceptually colonized” nations such as Greece, this process implies and anticolonial movement still caught nevertheless in a colonial discursivity.展开更多
The term "Other" is a key concept in the framework of postcolonialism.This paper attempts to analyze the native black people's role-"the Other" in the process of colonization.The British writer...The term "Other" is a key concept in the framework of postcolonialism.This paper attempts to analyze the native black people's role-"the Other" in the process of colonization.The British writer Doris Lessing finds the unltimate expression in her first novel The Grass Is Singing.With the settlement of the colonizers,the South Africa has been rendered by the white colonizers as "the Other World" and the native people are regarded as "the Other" who are degraded into unspeakable animals by white people.展开更多
This paper aims to interpret Faulkner' s Forest Triology in the perspective of postcolonial eeoeritieisra and focuses on the relationship among the white settlers with nature,animals and the Indians,so as to deepl...This paper aims to interpret Faulkner' s Forest Triology in the perspective of postcolonial eeoeritieisra and focuses on the relationship among the white settlers with nature,animals and the Indians,so as to deeply analyze the destruction of the ecology and of the American Indians life by the white settlers.The posteolonial ecoeritieal reading of the short stories help readers understand the dilemma that humans face in the process of modernization and industrialization.展开更多
Gayatri Spivak proposes that providing all citizens throughout the Middle East and North Africa with an aesthetic education will enhance the quality of life for all people of the region, especially women. She argues t...Gayatri Spivak proposes that providing all citizens throughout the Middle East and North Africa with an aesthetic education will enhance the quality of life for all people of the region, especially women. She argues that an education in the humanities is vital for improving the environment, the political climate, the economy, and for increasing global justice.展开更多
The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African...The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.展开更多
Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Nigh...Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Night of No Moon）, by Walilullah and The Outsider by Camus. The protagonists in both of these novels, ArifAli and Meursault respectively, suffer from existentialist crisis, mainly fueled by the impacts of the tarnished history of colonialism and the aftermaths. Even though the stories of the these protagonists take place almost halfway round the world in entirely different settings, the impacts and facades of the crisis are strikingly similar. This paper is a comparative study of soul-searching Arif Ali and Meursault.展开更多
This paper examines two postcolonial writings by the Nobel Prize winner Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, The Mimic Men （1969） and In a Free State （1984）. In particular, it studies how Naipaul reflects on the histori...This paper examines two postcolonial writings by the Nobel Prize winner Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, The Mimic Men （1969） and In a Free State （1984）. In particular, it studies how Naipaul reflects on the historical experiences of national nonsense--the seemingly contradictory existence of transnationality in nationality--and how he manages in his writings to keep an ethical distance from both the colonial empires and the nation-states that came up to replace the colonial empires in the postcolonial world.展开更多
Published in 1977, in the peak of Chicanismo--the social, cultural, and political movements that brought raza consciousness and profoundly influenced the creation of a modern Chicano/Chicana identity--Nash Candelaria...Published in 1977, in the peak of Chicanismo--the social, cultural, and political movements that brought raza consciousness and profoundly influenced the creation of a modern Chicano/Chicana identity--Nash Candelaria＇s novel, Memories of the Alhambra, reflects a complex vision of the concept of home. For the two generations of Chicanos （U.S. citizens） depicted in the novel, the United States represents the site of postcolonial tensions and （b）order-ed negotiations of a postmodern Chicano/Chicana identity through ethnic reinvention. This paper aims at analyzing the postcolonial significance of the home, as a geographical, ontological, and national space, and Candelaria＇s association of the concept with a postmodern and mestizo identity.展开更多
The concept ＂Subaltern＂ or the ＂Other＂ has been a subject of discussion and debate in many fields such as Marxism, cultural studies, Orientalism, post-colonialism, history, sociology and politics. Consequently, ma...The concept ＂Subaltern＂ or the ＂Other＂ has been a subject of discussion and debate in many fields such as Marxism, cultural studies, Orientalism, post-colonialism, history, sociology and politics. Consequently, many eminent critics and theorists have approached it from different perspectives. This study, depending on the post-colonial theories of many critics such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and others, explores the type of voice given to the subaltern in some selected poems by Mahmoud Darwish. For Darwish, the subaltern can and should speak.展开更多
In In the Castle of My Skin （hereafter Castle） （1983）, the littoral as trope provides a means for discovering Lamming＇s authorial license, one that speaks to postcolonial and phenomenological aims. In this semi-a...In In the Castle of My Skin （hereafter Castle） （1983）, the littoral as trope provides a means for discovering Lamming＇s authorial license, one that speaks to postcolonial and phenomenological aims. In this semi-autobiographical novel, Lamming examines self-awareness and the process through which language and self-analysis may take shape on or be inspired by the shore＇s edge. Through the telling of personal stories, discussions of a colonial history, and with allusions to the social privations affecting the immediate community, Lamming represents the changing realities, the main characters （＂G＂ and his friends） experience as they become socially aware; he highlights this transformative rise to consciousness through the use of littoral imagery in Chapters Six, Eleven, and Fourteen. In this essay, the author explores these representations using postcolonial, psychoanalytical, and phenomenological approaches, giving particular attention to Chapter Six, the longer chapter where Lamming creates a blueprint of the issues to which he will return in Chapters Eleven and Fourteen. Castle epitomizes the ways in which the littoral as trope has the potential to symbolically impact an author＇s text, especially a means for crafting an authorial language that demonstrates a young man＇s rise to consciousness and self-actualization on the shorelines of Barbados before he emigrates abroad.展开更多
London, one of the most popular settings in literature, is portrayed in many literary works not only as the centre of power, dreams, expectations, and fears, but also as the city of plurality and multiplicity of cultu...London, one of the most popular settings in literature, is portrayed in many literary works not only as the centre of power, dreams, expectations, and fears, but also as the city of plurality and multiplicity of cultures. Considering V. S. Naipaul＇s The Mimic Men （1967） in terms of the depiction of London, what comes to the fore is that Naipaul＇s own background has an undeniable impact upon his illustration of London. Naipaul, as an in-between individual belonging to his hometown Trinidad and also to England, where he received his education, has experienced a metaphorical colonization due to his inner conflicts because of his hybridity. In this sense, in The Mimic Men, he creates his character Ralph Singh, who is struggling with the social and political forces and trying to find a place not only in his own country on the Caribbean Island of Isabella, but also among the English in London as a politician. In the novel, London is regarded as the city of freedom and hopes as well as the city of disillusionments and hopelessness. Therefore, in this paper, hybridity, otherness in London, and the influence of Naipaul＇s own biography upon his portrayal of London in The Mimic Men will be explored.展开更多
Using Sabina J.Mtiller's theory of myth,this paper will analyze the deconstruction and revision of myths in The Green Helmet.Irish mythology,as described by M^iller,has in its inheritance a myth of Ireland being p...Using Sabina J.Mtiller's theory of myth,this paper will analyze the deconstruction and revision of myths in The Green Helmet.Irish mythology,as described by M^iller,has in its inheritance a myth of Ireland being personified in an image of a woman,a goddess of the land.This Ireland-as-woman image,as well as Irish heroism and their fighting spirit will be investigated in Yeats'drama to show its simplification and to mock its nature.The analysis will also give an insight into the diversified and complex image of the Irish nation.展开更多
Postcolonial theory is a well-established critical approach that addresses issues such as the quest for identity, the significance of land, homelessness, resistance, and the encounter between the colonized and the col...Postcolonial theory is a well-established critical approach that addresses issues such as the quest for identity, the significance of land, homelessness, resistance, and the encounter between the colonized and the colonizers. This paper examines the postcolonial elements utilized by the Anglo-Jordanian novelist Fadia Faqir in her novel Pillars of Salt. It discusses the novel＇s themes and techniques associated with postcolonialism as a literary theory and as a critical approach. Being a postcolonial text, the novel shows the writer＇s attempt at writing back in response to the colonial past with its power structures and social hierarchies. Thematically, the novel is analyzed with special reference to such topics as the subaltern, Anglo-Jordanian ties, language, othemess, and identity. The paper also traces the continuity of postcolonial discourse in Faqir＇s novel and gives a short survey of the historical events that provide the background to the main events in this essentially postcolonial work.展开更多
This paper is to analyze the novel in the following aspects： The Chinese-American cultural conflicts, the mother and daughter relations and sisters’ relations, the psychological critics, and the postcolonial identit...This paper is to analyze the novel in the following aspects： The Chinese-American cultural conflicts, the mother and daughter relations and sisters’ relations, the psychological critics, and the postcolonial identity. The novel is about multiple explanations of the aspects mentioned above. The writer confuses the Chinese culture, the relationship of the two sisters. Under the superficial description, the writer shows the psychological status of the main character and the practically existence of postcolonial identity and embodiment in the novel.展开更多
文摘This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.
文摘As the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature,Toni Morrison is the most outstanding African-American woman author of the 20th century and the brightest star in contemporary African-American literary arena.Toni Morrison is a voluminous writer and she has published nine novels up to the present.Since 1980,her works have been getting more and more widespread attention from literary critics of the world since 1980s.The topic of postcolonialism has been the one of the focuses of Morrison' s novels.This paper is a literature review of Toni Morrison and postcolonialism in her works including the following points:a brief introduction to Morrison and her works,the research on Morrison,the post colonial theory and postcolonialism in Morrison' s works.
文摘In their attempt to construct their identity in opposition to European one, non-Western new nations with alphabets such as Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic, used them as a way of emphasizing difference, and thus provide symbolic spaces for the newborn nations. The illegibility of these alphabets for Western people, along with the ancient prestige of at least Hebrew and Greek, fostered the illusion of temporal continuity and provided legitimacy to their atomization projects. Odysseas Elytis （1911-1996）, Nobel Prize for Literature winner in 1979 and the last national poet of Greece, blends this old tendency in Greek culture and the broader claim of modern European poets for the essential autonomy of art and literature. His efforts to reinforce the walls separating Greece from Latin-Western culture by reinforcing the illegibility of both Greek and poetic idioms, aim at constructing a more essential Greece, founded on aesthetics, language, and writing instead of politics, institutions, or geographic borders. In this paper engaging mainly in the fields of literary and postcolonial studies, the author intends to analyze the mechanisms by which language, writing, or literature can be used to （re）cipher once again the already exclusive concept of nation, and thus to undermine every possibility of deciphering and translatability. He concludes that in “conceptually colonized” nations such as Greece, this process implies and anticolonial movement still caught nevertheless in a colonial discursivity.
文摘The term "Other" is a key concept in the framework of postcolonialism.This paper attempts to analyze the native black people's role-"the Other" in the process of colonization.The British writer Doris Lessing finds the unltimate expression in her first novel The Grass Is Singing.With the settlement of the colonizers,the South Africa has been rendered by the white colonizers as "the Other World" and the native people are regarded as "the Other" who are degraded into unspeakable animals by white people.
文摘This paper aims to interpret Faulkner' s Forest Triology in the perspective of postcolonial eeoeritieisra and focuses on the relationship among the white settlers with nature,animals and the Indians,so as to deeply analyze the destruction of the ecology and of the American Indians life by the white settlers.The posteolonial ecoeritieal reading of the short stories help readers understand the dilemma that humans face in the process of modernization and industrialization.
文摘Gayatri Spivak proposes that providing all citizens throughout the Middle East and North Africa with an aesthetic education will enhance the quality of life for all people of the region, especially women. She argues that an education in the humanities is vital for improving the environment, the political climate, the economy, and for increasing global justice.
文摘The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.
文摘Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Night of No Moon）, by Walilullah and The Outsider by Camus. The protagonists in both of these novels, ArifAli and Meursault respectively, suffer from existentialist crisis, mainly fueled by the impacts of the tarnished history of colonialism and the aftermaths. Even though the stories of the these protagonists take place almost halfway round the world in entirely different settings, the impacts and facades of the crisis are strikingly similar. This paper is a comparative study of soul-searching Arif Ali and Meursault.
文摘This paper examines two postcolonial writings by the Nobel Prize winner Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, The Mimic Men （1969） and In a Free State （1984）. In particular, it studies how Naipaul reflects on the historical experiences of national nonsense--the seemingly contradictory existence of transnationality in nationality--and how he manages in his writings to keep an ethical distance from both the colonial empires and the nation-states that came up to replace the colonial empires in the postcolonial world.
文摘Published in 1977, in the peak of Chicanismo--the social, cultural, and political movements that brought raza consciousness and profoundly influenced the creation of a modern Chicano/Chicana identity--Nash Candelaria＇s novel, Memories of the Alhambra, reflects a complex vision of the concept of home. For the two generations of Chicanos （U.S. citizens） depicted in the novel, the United States represents the site of postcolonial tensions and （b）order-ed negotiations of a postmodern Chicano/Chicana identity through ethnic reinvention. This paper aims at analyzing the postcolonial significance of the home, as a geographical, ontological, and national space, and Candelaria＇s association of the concept with a postmodern and mestizo identity.
文摘The concept ＂Subaltern＂ or the ＂Other＂ has been a subject of discussion and debate in many fields such as Marxism, cultural studies, Orientalism, post-colonialism, history, sociology and politics. Consequently, many eminent critics and theorists have approached it from different perspectives. This study, depending on the post-colonial theories of many critics such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and others, explores the type of voice given to the subaltern in some selected poems by Mahmoud Darwish. For Darwish, the subaltern can and should speak.
文摘In In the Castle of My Skin （hereafter Castle） （1983）, the littoral as trope provides a means for discovering Lamming＇s authorial license, one that speaks to postcolonial and phenomenological aims. In this semi-autobiographical novel, Lamming examines self-awareness and the process through which language and self-analysis may take shape on or be inspired by the shore＇s edge. Through the telling of personal stories, discussions of a colonial history, and with allusions to the social privations affecting the immediate community, Lamming represents the changing realities, the main characters （＂G＂ and his friends） experience as they become socially aware; he highlights this transformative rise to consciousness through the use of littoral imagery in Chapters Six, Eleven, and Fourteen. In this essay, the author explores these representations using postcolonial, psychoanalytical, and phenomenological approaches, giving particular attention to Chapter Six, the longer chapter where Lamming creates a blueprint of the issues to which he will return in Chapters Eleven and Fourteen. Castle epitomizes the ways in which the littoral as trope has the potential to symbolically impact an author＇s text, especially a means for crafting an authorial language that demonstrates a young man＇s rise to consciousness and self-actualization on the shorelines of Barbados before he emigrates abroad.
文摘London, one of the most popular settings in literature, is portrayed in many literary works not only as the centre of power, dreams, expectations, and fears, but also as the city of plurality and multiplicity of cultures. Considering V. S. Naipaul＇s The Mimic Men （1967） in terms of the depiction of London, what comes to the fore is that Naipaul＇s own background has an undeniable impact upon his illustration of London. Naipaul, as an in-between individual belonging to his hometown Trinidad and also to England, where he received his education, has experienced a metaphorical colonization due to his inner conflicts because of his hybridity. In this sense, in The Mimic Men, he creates his character Ralph Singh, who is struggling with the social and political forces and trying to find a place not only in his own country on the Caribbean Island of Isabella, but also among the English in London as a politician. In the novel, London is regarded as the city of freedom and hopes as well as the city of disillusionments and hopelessness. Therefore, in this paper, hybridity, otherness in London, and the influence of Naipaul＇s own biography upon his portrayal of London in The Mimic Men will be explored.
文摘Using Sabina J.Mtiller's theory of myth,this paper will analyze the deconstruction and revision of myths in The Green Helmet.Irish mythology,as described by M^iller,has in its inheritance a myth of Ireland being personified in an image of a woman,a goddess of the land.This Ireland-as-woman image,as well as Irish heroism and their fighting spirit will be investigated in Yeats'drama to show its simplification and to mock its nature.The analysis will also give an insight into the diversified and complex image of the Irish nation.
文摘Postcolonial theory is a well-established critical approach that addresses issues such as the quest for identity, the significance of land, homelessness, resistance, and the encounter between the colonized and the colonizers. This paper examines the postcolonial elements utilized by the Anglo-Jordanian novelist Fadia Faqir in her novel Pillars of Salt. It discusses the novel＇s themes and techniques associated with postcolonialism as a literary theory and as a critical approach. Being a postcolonial text, the novel shows the writer＇s attempt at writing back in response to the colonial past with its power structures and social hierarchies. Thematically, the novel is analyzed with special reference to such topics as the subaltern, Anglo-Jordanian ties, language, othemess, and identity. The paper also traces the continuity of postcolonial discourse in Faqir＇s novel and gives a short survey of the historical events that provide the background to the main events in this essentially postcolonial work.
文摘This paper is to analyze the novel in the following aspects： The Chinese-American cultural conflicts, the mother and daughter relations and sisters’ relations, the psychological critics, and the postcolonial identity. The novel is about multiple explanations of the aspects mentioned above. The writer confuses the Chinese culture, the relationship of the two sisters. Under the superficial description, the writer shows the psychological status of the main character and the practically existence of postcolonial identity and embodiment in the novel.
