Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid ox...Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid oxidation and Strecker degradation.This study systematically examines the structural,chemical and oil antioxidant capacity of sesame hull-derived pectic polysaccharides(URA and URB)under 160–220℃,and their impacts on sesame oil oxidative stability.The results demonstrate temperature-dependent molecular restructuring of URA and URB with molecular weights increasing proportionally and reduced total yields by 42.73%until 220℃.Furfural and organic acids were identified as primary pyrolysis products,accompanied by volatile aromatic compounds including furans,benzenes,and phenols.Sesame oil with the mixture of URA and URB(HSO-URA/B)exhibited optimal thermal antioxidant performance,demonstrating improved sesame oil oxidative stability as evidenced by peroxide value(0.07–0.81 g/100 g)and oxidative stability index(22.6 h).This work provides a scientific foundation for optimizing sesame oil quality while transforming hull byproducts into valueadded food ingredients.展开更多
Glehniae Radix has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications,and research on its main components has mainly focused on coumarins,alkaloids,lignans,and flavonoids,while neglecting the research on polysaccharides.Lite...Glehniae Radix has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications,and research on its main components has mainly focused on coumarins,alkaloids,lignans,and flavonoids,while neglecting the research on polysaccharides.Literature reports and our previous studies have shown that polysaccharides have certain therapeutic significance in immune regulation,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and other aspects.Herein,the rat model of ulcerative colitis(UC)was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the prepared Glehniae Radix polysaccharide(GLP)from the perspectives of inflammatory factors,intestinal tissue morphology,and microflora changes.The polysaccharides are mainly composed of galacturonic acid,rhamnose,glucose,galactose,and arabinose in molar ratios of 1.4:9.2:33.3:2.5:2.9,and GLP could downregulate the expression pro-inflammatory factors(interleukin 6,tumor necrosis factorα,and interferonγ)and significantly upregulate the expression of antiinflammatory factor(interleukin 10).In addition,Glehniae Radix aqueous extract(GLA),GLP with low dosage and GLP with high dosage(GLPH)could increase the number of goblet cells,enhance the integrity of crypt structure,and reverse the status of inflammatory infiltrating cells.Moreover,GLA and GLPH could upregulate Lactobacillus and Lachnoclostridium in UC rats,and appropriately downregulate Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,thereby optimizing the proportion of bacterial flora and improving the intestinal microbial environment.Our findings not only be valuable as theoretical materials for the further clinical applications of GLP,but the identified biomarkers and metabolic pathways also provide new clues for the diagnosis of UC.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continu...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.展开更多
The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides hav...The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides have a certain intervention effect on disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.This article reviewed the structure-function relationship of food-derived polysaccharides and elucidated their role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.Some new evidence suggests that secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,secondary bile acids,and lipopolysaccharide act as signaling molecules,activating pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism,alleviating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation in the body,and regulating the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism.These results indicated that food-derived polysaccharides have a positive impact on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by improving the gut microbiota environment.On the other hand,gut microbiota disturbance can affect the host’s health through the gut-liver,gut-brain and gut-adipose tissue axes.Therefore,it is speculated that food-derived polysaccharides may intervene in glucose and lipid metabolism through the inter-organ crosstalk between gut,liver,adipose tissue,and nervous system.This essay provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of food-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics in intervening disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of pectic polysaccharides isolated from Rauvolfia verticillata on ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Pectic polysaccharides were characterized using high-perfo...Objective:To investigate the effect of pectic polysaccharides isolated from Rauvolfia verticillata on ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Pectic polysaccharides were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,and gel permeation chromatography.HT-29 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and then treated with pectic polysaccharides;conditioned medium was applied to THP-1-derived macrophages to assess cell viability and polarization,while tight junction protein expression was analyzed in HT-29 cells.Furthermore,a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was treated with oral pectic polysaccharides or NOS2 overexpression.Body weight,disease activity index,colon length,histopathology,and the protein expression related to the JAK2/STAT3-NOS2 signaling were evaluated.Results:The pectic polysaccharide was characterized as an acidic pectic polysaccharide,primarily composed of galacturonic acid and various neutral sugars,with a narrow molecular weight distribution and high purity.Pectic polysaccharides significantly enhanced THP-1 macrophage viability,promoted M1 to M2 polarization,and upregulated the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins.In addition,pectic polysaccharide treatment attenuated body weight loss,lowered disease activity index scores and improved colon histology in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.It also reduced JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and NOS2 expression,and increased the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1,occludin,and claudin-1).Conclusions:Pectic polysaccharides attenuate ulcerative colitis by increasing M2-related macrophage markers,inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-NOS2 signaling,and enhancing epithelial barrier-related protein expression.These findings support pectic polysaccharides as a natural candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.展开更多
240 14-day-old healthy and non-immune Roman chicken were randomly divided into 8 groups, including blank control group （BC group）, immune control group （IC group）, and immunity groups of each Chinese medicine. On ...240 14-day-old healthy and non-immune Roman chicken were randomly divided into 8 groups, including blank control group （BC group）, immune control group （IC group）, and immunity groups of each Chinese medicine. On the day of the first immunity, 3 d before the second immunity, the day of the second immunity and 3 d after the second immunity, high-dose concentration and low-dose concen- tration of Astragalus polysaccharide （ASP）, Epimedium polysaccharide （EPP） and Isatis roots polysaccharide （IRPS） were used for the immunity groups of each Chi- nese medicine using the gavage, and 0.5 ml for each chick, and the equivalent normal saline was used for the blank control group and vaccine control group. On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day after the first immunity, 10 chicken of each group were randomly got and weighed, and the antibody titer and the changes of the pro- liferation of T lymphocyte were measured. The results showed that 3 kinds of Chi- nese medicine polysaccharides all can increase the weight of chicken, improve HI antibody titer of Newcastle disease, and promote the proliferation of peripheral T lymphocyte, in which the effect of IRPS at low dosage is the best.展开更多
Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacologi...Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
Background It is important to promote intestinal development and maturation of chicks for feed digestion and utilization,intestinal health,and disease resistance.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ...Background It is important to promote intestinal development and maturation of chicks for feed digestion and utilization,intestinal health,and disease resistance.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary yeast cell wall polysaccharides(YCWP)addition on intestinal development and maturation of chickens and its potential action mechanism.Methods 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three groups containing control(basal diets without any antibiotics or anticoccidial drug),bacitracin methylene disalicylate(BMD)-treated group(50 mg/kg)and YCWP-supplemented group(100 mg/kg).Results Compared with control group,in-feed antibiotic BMD continuous administration significantly decreased crypt depth(d 21)and villus height(d 42)along with mucosal maltase activity(d 42)in the ileum(P<0.05).Also,BMD markedly downregulated gene expression levels ofβ-catenin,lysozyme,occludin and FABP-2(d 21)and innate immune related genes CD83 and MHC-I mRNA levels(d 42,P<0.05),and decreased goblet cell counts in the ileum of chickens(d 21 and d 42,P<0.05).While,TLR-2,TLR-6 and iNOS mRNA abundances were notably upregulated by BMD treatment(d 42,P<0.05).Nevertheless,dietary YCWP addition significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(d 21),villus surface area(d 21 and d 42),ileal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities as well as goblet cell(d 21 and d 42)and IgA-producing plasma cell numbers as compared to BMD treatment(d 21,P<0.05).YCWP addition also upregulated gene expression levels of Lgr5,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related gene(Wnt3,β-catenin,d 21;β-catenin,d 42),intestinal cells proliferation marker Ki-67 and barrier function related genes(occludin,d 21 and d 42,P<0.05).Moreover,YCWP significantly increased antigen presenting cell marker related genes(MHC-II,d 21;CD83 and MHC-I,d 42),TLR-1,TLR-2 and TLR-6 mRNA levels(d 21,P<0.05).Cecal microbiome analysis showed that YCWP addition obviously improved cecal microbial composition,as indicated by increasing relative abundance of Fournierella,Psychrobacter and Ruminiclostridium on d 21,and Alistipes and Lactobacillus on d 42,which were positively related with gut development and maturation related indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion Collectively, YCWP promoted yet antibiotic BMD delayed intestinal morphological and immunologicaldevelopment linked with modulating gut microbiome in chickens.展开更多
The present study investigated the potential therapeutic potential of Ficus carica polysaccharides(FCPS)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice,focusing on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms.Network pharmac...The present study investigated the potential therapeutic potential of Ficus carica polysaccharides(FCPS)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice,focusing on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms.Network pharmacology analysis identified 37 shared targets between FCPS and T2DM,including perixisome proliferator activated receptor alpha(PPARα),highlighting the significance of PPAR signaling pathways in FCPS-mediated T2DM treatment.The results demonstrated that FCPS treatment significantly reduced markers of glucose and lipid metabolism(fasting blood glucose(FBG),nonestesterified fatty acid(NEFA),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)),inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)),and liver damage(glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT))in T2DM mice.Additionally,FCPS ameliorated hepatic lipid droplet accumulation,fatty degeneration,and hepatocyte structural abnormalities.Western blot analysis confirmed FCPS-induced upregulation of key proteins in the IRS-1/AKT/PPARαsignaling pathway,(insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1),phosphatidyqinositol-3 kinase(PI3K),phospho-protein kinase B(p-AKT),glucose transporter 2(GLUT2),phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(p-GSK-3β),phospho-adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha(p-AMPKα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1α),PPARα,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ))and downregulation of GSK-3β,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),fatty acid synthase(FAS),and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR).16S r RNA sequencing results revealed FCPS's ability to modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM mice by promoting beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Lactobacillus_reuteri,Candidatus_Saccharimonas)and suppressing opportunistic pathogens(e.g.,Proteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,Escherichia-Shigella).These findings collectively suggest that FCPS has a marked effectiveness in improving glucose and lipid metabolism,decreasing inflammatory responses,as well as modulating the gut microbiota in T2DM mice via the gut-hepatic axis,demonstrating its potential as a functional food for diabetes prevention and management.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology,characterized by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction.Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides(PGP),the primary component of P...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology,characterized by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction.Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides(PGP),the primary component of Platycodon grandiflorus,and hesperidin(Hesp),a prominent active component in Citrus aurantium L.(CAL),have both demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the synergistic effect of PGP combined with Hesp on UC,focusing on the coordinated interaction between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathways.A mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and a cell model using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7/IEC6 cells were employed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of PGP combined with Hesp on UC and its potential mechanism of action.The results indicated that compared to the effects of either drug alone,the combination of PGP and Hesp significantly modulated inflammatory factor levels,inhibited oxidative stress,regulated colonic mucosal immunity,suppressed apoptosis,and restored intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo.Further in vitro studies revealed that PGP significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,while Hesp significantly inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.The use of inhibitors and activators targeting both pathways validated the synergistic effects of PGP combined with Hesp on the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.These findings suggest that PGP combined with Hesp exhibits a synergistic effect on DSS-induced colitis,potentially mediated through the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/PI3K/AKT and interleukin-6(IL-6)/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.展开更多
The mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides on immune functions and lipid metabolism of aged mammals have not been fully elucidated.In the present study,after assessing the impacts of one type of Lentinula edodes-deriv...The mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides on immune functions and lipid metabolism of aged mammals have not been fully elucidated.In the present study,after assessing the impacts of one type of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides,named L2,on immune functions and blood lipid profiles,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)-based proteomic profiling of the small intestinal tissues from aged mice treated with L2 was performed.L2 reversed immune function declines and modulated the lipid metabolism of aged mice evidenced by increased levels of serum TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C,and reduced levels of serum TG.Moreover,a total of 95 differentially regulated proteins(DRPs) were identified,of which75 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated.Most of the DRPs were involved in intracellular and extracellular structure organization,and cellular and metabolic regulation.Particularly,approximately 16 and 9 DRPs participated in the regulation of immune functions and lipid metabolism,respectively.Furthermore,protein-protein interaction analysis highlighted that cadherin-1,plectin,cadherin-17,Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2,and ezrin might be key proteins in response to L2 treatment.These findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in anti-aging from a proteomic perspective.展开更多
Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a natural homologous substance of medicine and food.Polysaccharide,as one of its primary active components,has very superior biological activity and can be used as a dietary su...Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a natural homologous substance of medicine and food.Polysaccharide,as one of its primary active components,has very superior biological activity and can be used as a dietary supplement for functional foods,with good commercial prospects.Although initial progress has been made in the study of sea buckthorn polysaccharides,related studies have been fragmented and lacked systematic and generalization.This manuscript presents a critical analysis and systematic summary of the extraction and purification methods,structural characterization and physicochemical properties,biological activity and potential mechanisms,and structure-activity relationships of sea buckthorn polysaccharides.Accumulating evidence has indicated that sea buckthorn polysaccharides,which were widely prepared by water extraction and column chromatography purifications,exhibited exhibit superior biological activities in vitro and in vivo,including antioxidant,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,hepatorenal protective,antibacterial,antiviral,and prebiotic activities.After analysis,it was concluded that there is a correlation between the relevant activities of sea buckthorn polysaccharides and that the structure of sea buckthorn polysaccharides has a great influence on their biological activity.We reviewed the challenges and limitations of sea buckthorn polysaccharides,summarized the critical aspects,and provided suggestions for potential breakthroughs in the research and application of sea buckthorn polysaccharide.展开更多
Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position G...Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position GPs as dual-purpose agents for medicinal and functional food development.This review comprehensively explores the structural complexity of six key GPs and their specific mechanisms of action,such as TLR signaling in immune modulation,apoptosis pathways in anti-tumor activity,and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota.Additionally,the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of GPs are highlighted to elucidate their biological efficacy.Advances in green extraction techniques,including ultrasonic-assisted and enzymatic methods,are discussed for their roles in enhancing yield and aligning with sustainable production principles.Furthermore,the review addresses biotechnological innovations in polysaccharide biosynthesis,improving production efficiency and making large-scale production feasible.These insights,combined with ongoing research into their bioactivity,provide a solid foundation for developing health-promoting functional food products that incorporate GPs.Furthermore,future research directions are suggested to optimize biosynthesis pathways and fully harness the health benefits of these polysaccharides.展开更多
A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which ha...A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which had an α-L-furanose configuration with an average molecular weight of 2.06 kDa.NMR spectra and monosaccharide constitution analyses revealed that it had a backbone of→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→with α-L-Araf(1→as the terminal residue.In vitro experiments found that it could lead to apoptosis and inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting them in the S phase.In vivo experiments showed that it protected immune organs such as the thymus and spleen,enhanced immune cell activities,stimulated cytokine release,augmented the abundance of CD8,CD3,CD4,and CD 19 positive lymphocytes,and markedly impeded solid hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and cell cycle examination also indicated that LMW-CPS arrested hepatocellular carcinoma cells at the S phase to induce apoptosis.These findings indicated its promising potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antit...Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antitumor,hepatoprotective,and anti-aging effects.Among these,P.notoginseng polysaccharides(PNPs)have been exploited because of their extensive pharmacological effects,being ranked as one of the current research hotspots,especially for the functional foods and medical practice.In this review,the literature related to PNPs in the past 20 years was surveyed and analyzed using both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.The visualization diagram shows that current studies on PNPs mainly focus on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and structural characterization.In addition,the extraction,separation,purification,chemical analysis,structural characteristics,bioactivities,and applications of PNPs are outlined,in detail,aimed to provide valuable information for the further study,development,and utilization regarding PNPs.展开更多
The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc f...The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc flagelliforme grown under normal(WL-EPS-1),salt stress(NaCl-EPS-1)and mixotrophic culture conditions(Glu-EPS-1)were studied.The results demonstrated that WL-EPS-1,NaCl-EPS-1 and Glu-EPS-1 were heteropolysaccharides comprising different proportions of monosaccharides and uronic acid,with different average molecular weights of 0.99×10^(3),1.09×10^(3)and 1.18×10^(3)kDa,respectively.Their intrinsic viscosity were significantly different,at 24.72,29.98,and 41.06 dL/g,respectively.The functional groups of polysaccharides were not greatly affected,but the chemical composition,triple-helix structure,chain length and surface morphology were significantly influenced by culture conditions.In vitro bioactivity assays showed that the antioxidant activity generally increased in the order of WL-EPS-1<NaCl-EPS-1<Glu-EPS-1,while NaCl-EPS-1 had the best radioprotective effect,and Glu-EPS-1 had the best lipid-lowering effect.In addition,the structure-activity relationship of the polysaccharides was analyzed by partial least squares,which revealed that the most important factors affecting the antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities of polysaccharides were viscosity and molecular weight.This study provides a strategy for obtaining high-bioactivity polysaccharides by appropriate regulation of culture conditions,as well as opening new directions for the molecular modification of polysaccharides.展开更多
Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
Microbial polysaccharides,due to their unique physicochemical properties,have been shown to effec-tively enhance the stability of foam fracturing fluids.However,the combined application of microbial polysaccharides an...Microbial polysaccharides,due to their unique physicochemical properties,have been shown to effec-tively enhance the stability of foam fracturing fluids.However,the combined application of microbial polysaccharides and surfactants under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions remain poorly understood.In this study,we innovatively investigate this problem with a particular focus on foam stabilization mechanisms.By employing the Waring blender method,the optimal surfactant-microbial polysaccharide blends are identified,and the foam stability,rheological properties,and decay behavior in different systems under varying conditions are systematically analyzed for the first time.The results reveal that microbial polysaccharides significantly enhance foam stability by improving the viscoelasticity of the liquid films,particularly under high-salinity and high-temperature conditions,leading to notable improvements in both foam stability and sand-carrying capacity.Additionally,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is used to observe the microstructure of the foam liquid films,demonstrating that the network structure formed by the foam stabilizer within the liquid film effectively inhibits foam coarsening.The Lauryl betaine and Diutan gum blend exhibits outstanding foam stability,superior sand-carrying capacity,and minimal core damage,making(LAB+MPS04)it ideal for applications in enhanced production and reservoir stimulation of unconventional reservoirs.展开更多
Inonotus obliquus,an edible and medicinal fungus,has proven to be beneficial for relieving body aging.Previous research has shown that I.obliquus polysaccharide(IOP)can effectively reduce oxidative stress and alleviat...Inonotus obliquus,an edible and medicinal fungus,has proven to be beneficial for relieving body aging.Previous research has shown that I.obliquus polysaccharide(IOP)can effectively reduce oxidative stress and alleviate photoaging in UVB-treated HaCaT cells.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism through which IOP mitigates skin photodamage by modulating mitochondrial autophagy through both in vivo and in vitro experiments.The results indicated that IOP alleviated the thickening of the stratum corneum and inflammatory infiltration caused by UVB radiation.Moreover,IOP effectively inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1,3(MMP1 and MMP3)to prevent collagen breakdown and decreased the expression of aging-related proteins(P53 and P21)and inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in UVB-induced mice.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that IOP increased Sirtuin3(Sirt3)expression,activated the Foxo3a/PINK1-Parkin pathway and enhanced mitochondrial autophagy to reduce photodamage.Additionally,IOP could regulate the gut microbes in photodamaged mice and increase the relative abundance of Clostridium_XlVa,Desulfovibrio,and Barnesiella,which are important for protecting the intestinal barrier and alleviating intestinal dysfunction.These results provide a theoretical foundation for the use of IOP as a natural component to reduce skin photodamage.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Dendrobium officinale crude polysaccharides(DOPS)and D.officinale purified polysaccharides(DOPS100)in attenuating immune dysfunction in subfertile mice.The results ...The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Dendrobium officinale crude polysaccharides(DOPS)and D.officinale purified polysaccharides(DOPS100)in attenuating immune dysfunction in subfertile mice.The results of the study revealed several noteworthy findings.First,DOPS and DOPS100 treatments led to significant improvement in weight gain and reversal of fatigue-related behaviors compared to the normal group.Second,both DOPS and DOPS100 showed effectiveness in reducing immune organ swelling,modulating immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)levels,and restoring complement(C3c and C4)levels.In addition,they demonstrated a significant ability to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mechanical barrier by differentially upregulating the tight junction proteins Occludin and Zonula occludens 1(ZO-1).In addition,it was found that DOPS100 specifically enhanced the CD4^(+)-T helper 17 cell(Th17)/regulatory T cell(Treg)immune axis in the gut,as evidenced by increased expression of forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3)as well as decreased expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt(RORγt),and further modulation of interleukin 10(IL-10),interleukin 22(IL-22),and interleukin 17A(IL-17A)expression levels of inflammatory factors.These findings collectively suggest that DOPS100 holds significant potential in improving sub-healthy status by repairing the intestinal barrier,restoring local immune homeostasis,and activating the intestinal immune regulatory network.The study’s outcomes provide valuable insights into the therapeutic implications of DOPS and DOPS100 in addressing immune dysfunction in sub-healthy conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the Agriculture Research System of China of MOF and MARA[grant number CARS-14-1-29]“Double First-Class”Project for Undergraduate-Cultivating Quality Enhancement Key Programme in Food Science and Engineering at Henan University of Technology[grant number HN-HautFood IAEM-025].
文摘Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid oxidation and Strecker degradation.This study systematically examines the structural,chemical and oil antioxidant capacity of sesame hull-derived pectic polysaccharides(URA and URB)under 160–220℃,and their impacts on sesame oil oxidative stability.The results demonstrate temperature-dependent molecular restructuring of URA and URB with molecular weights increasing proportionally and reduced total yields by 42.73%until 220℃.Furfural and organic acids were identified as primary pyrolysis products,accompanied by volatile aromatic compounds including furans,benzenes,and phenols.Sesame oil with the mixture of URA and URB(HSO-URA/B)exhibited optimal thermal antioxidant performance,demonstrating improved sesame oil oxidative stability as evidenced by peroxide value(0.07–0.81 g/100 g)and oxidative stability index(22.6 h).This work provides a scientific foundation for optimizing sesame oil quality while transforming hull byproducts into valueadded food ingredients.
基金financial support from the Postdoctoral Fund of Hebei Medical University(30705010038)the Chunyu Project Initial Funding of Hebei Medical University(CYQD2023012)+3 种基金the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2025145)the Hebei Yanzhao Golden Platform Talent Gathering Plan Backbone Talent Project(B2024003013)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2024206375,C2022206018,H2023206068)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Project of Hebei Province(2025427).
文摘Glehniae Radix has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications,and research on its main components has mainly focused on coumarins,alkaloids,lignans,and flavonoids,while neglecting the research on polysaccharides.Literature reports and our previous studies have shown that polysaccharides have certain therapeutic significance in immune regulation,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and other aspects.Herein,the rat model of ulcerative colitis(UC)was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the prepared Glehniae Radix polysaccharide(GLP)from the perspectives of inflammatory factors,intestinal tissue morphology,and microflora changes.The polysaccharides are mainly composed of galacturonic acid,rhamnose,glucose,galactose,and arabinose in molar ratios of 1.4:9.2:33.3:2.5:2.9,and GLP could downregulate the expression pro-inflammatory factors(interleukin 6,tumor necrosis factorα,and interferonγ)and significantly upregulate the expression of antiinflammatory factor(interleukin 10).In addition,Glehniae Radix aqueous extract(GLA),GLP with low dosage and GLP with high dosage(GLPH)could increase the number of goblet cells,enhance the integrity of crypt structure,and reverse the status of inflammatory infiltrating cells.Moreover,GLA and GLPH could upregulate Lactobacillus and Lachnoclostridium in UC rats,and appropriately downregulate Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,thereby optimizing the proportion of bacterial flora and improving the intestinal microbial environment.Our findings not only be valuable as theoretical materials for the further clinical applications of GLP,but the identified biomarkers and metabolic pathways also provide new clues for the diagnosis of UC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82003977,82274134 and 82274139)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC1702200)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C04020)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2025C02183).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.
基金supported by the University Innovation Team of Shandong Province(2022KJ243)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901644)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025MS284).
文摘The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides have a certain intervention effect on disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.This article reviewed the structure-function relationship of food-derived polysaccharides and elucidated their role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.Some new evidence suggests that secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,secondary bile acids,and lipopolysaccharide act as signaling molecules,activating pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism,alleviating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation in the body,and regulating the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism.These results indicated that food-derived polysaccharides have a positive impact on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by improving the gut microbiota environment.On the other hand,gut microbiota disturbance can affect the host’s health through the gut-liver,gut-brain and gut-adipose tissue axes.Therefore,it is speculated that food-derived polysaccharides may intervene in glucose and lipid metabolism through the inter-organ crosstalk between gut,liver,adipose tissue,and nervous system.This essay provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of food-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics in intervening disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2022SHFZ099)the Academic Enhancement Support Program of Hainan Medical University(XSTS2025040 and XSTS2025063).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of pectic polysaccharides isolated from Rauvolfia verticillata on ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Pectic polysaccharides were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,and gel permeation chromatography.HT-29 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and then treated with pectic polysaccharides;conditioned medium was applied to THP-1-derived macrophages to assess cell viability and polarization,while tight junction protein expression was analyzed in HT-29 cells.Furthermore,a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was treated with oral pectic polysaccharides or NOS2 overexpression.Body weight,disease activity index,colon length,histopathology,and the protein expression related to the JAK2/STAT3-NOS2 signaling were evaluated.Results:The pectic polysaccharide was characterized as an acidic pectic polysaccharide,primarily composed of galacturonic acid and various neutral sugars,with a narrow molecular weight distribution and high purity.Pectic polysaccharides significantly enhanced THP-1 macrophage viability,promoted M1 to M2 polarization,and upregulated the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins.In addition,pectic polysaccharide treatment attenuated body weight loss,lowered disease activity index scores and improved colon histology in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.It also reduced JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and NOS2 expression,and increased the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1,occludin,and claudin-1).Conclusions:Pectic polysaccharides attenuate ulcerative colitis by increasing M2-related macrophage markers,inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-NOS2 signaling,and enhancing epithelial barrier-related protein expression.These findings support pectic polysaccharides as a natural candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
基金Supported by Tibet Natural Science Fund(No.ZJ2013018)"Phoenix Talent Project"of Jiangsu Agri-husbandry Vocational College~~
文摘240 14-day-old healthy and non-immune Roman chicken were randomly divided into 8 groups, including blank control group （BC group）, immune control group （IC group）, and immunity groups of each Chinese medicine. On the day of the first immunity, 3 d before the second immunity, the day of the second immunity and 3 d after the second immunity, high-dose concentration and low-dose concen- tration of Astragalus polysaccharide （ASP）, Epimedium polysaccharide （EPP） and Isatis roots polysaccharide （IRPS） were used for the immunity groups of each Chi- nese medicine using the gavage, and 0.5 ml for each chick, and the equivalent normal saline was used for the blank control group and vaccine control group. On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day after the first immunity, 10 chicken of each group were randomly got and weighed, and the antibody titer and the changes of the pro- liferation of T lymphocyte were measured. The results showed that 3 kinds of Chi- nese medicine polysaccharides all can increase the weight of chicken, improve HI antibody titer of Newcastle disease, and promote the proliferation of peripheral T lymphocyte, in which the effect of IRPS at low dosage is the best.
基金by grants from the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0005/2024/AKP,0075/2022/A,and 028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field(2220004000117)the University of Macao(MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMSUMDF,MYRG-GRG2024-00150-ICMS-UMDF and CPG2025-00030-ICMS).
文摘Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172774)the Key Research and Development and Promotion of Special(Science and Technology)Project of Henan Province(No.242102110018).
文摘Background It is important to promote intestinal development and maturation of chicks for feed digestion and utilization,intestinal health,and disease resistance.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary yeast cell wall polysaccharides(YCWP)addition on intestinal development and maturation of chickens and its potential action mechanism.Methods 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three groups containing control(basal diets without any antibiotics or anticoccidial drug),bacitracin methylene disalicylate(BMD)-treated group(50 mg/kg)and YCWP-supplemented group(100 mg/kg).Results Compared with control group,in-feed antibiotic BMD continuous administration significantly decreased crypt depth(d 21)and villus height(d 42)along with mucosal maltase activity(d 42)in the ileum(P<0.05).Also,BMD markedly downregulated gene expression levels ofβ-catenin,lysozyme,occludin and FABP-2(d 21)and innate immune related genes CD83 and MHC-I mRNA levels(d 42,P<0.05),and decreased goblet cell counts in the ileum of chickens(d 21 and d 42,P<0.05).While,TLR-2,TLR-6 and iNOS mRNA abundances were notably upregulated by BMD treatment(d 42,P<0.05).Nevertheless,dietary YCWP addition significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(d 21),villus surface area(d 21 and d 42),ileal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities as well as goblet cell(d 21 and d 42)and IgA-producing plasma cell numbers as compared to BMD treatment(d 21,P<0.05).YCWP addition also upregulated gene expression levels of Lgr5,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related gene(Wnt3,β-catenin,d 21;β-catenin,d 42),intestinal cells proliferation marker Ki-67 and barrier function related genes(occludin,d 21 and d 42,P<0.05).Moreover,YCWP significantly increased antigen presenting cell marker related genes(MHC-II,d 21;CD83 and MHC-I,d 42),TLR-1,TLR-2 and TLR-6 mRNA levels(d 21,P<0.05).Cecal microbiome analysis showed that YCWP addition obviously improved cecal microbial composition,as indicated by increasing relative abundance of Fournierella,Psychrobacter and Ruminiclostridium on d 21,and Alistipes and Lactobacillus on d 42,which were positively related with gut development and maturation related indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion Collectively, YCWP promoted yet antibiotic BMD delayed intestinal morphological and immunologicaldevelopment linked with modulating gut microbiome in chickens.
基金supported by the Open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D04019)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01C57)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460188)the Key Research and Development Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to Weilan Wang(2024B02025 and 2024B02025-2)。
文摘The present study investigated the potential therapeutic potential of Ficus carica polysaccharides(FCPS)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice,focusing on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms.Network pharmacology analysis identified 37 shared targets between FCPS and T2DM,including perixisome proliferator activated receptor alpha(PPARα),highlighting the significance of PPAR signaling pathways in FCPS-mediated T2DM treatment.The results demonstrated that FCPS treatment significantly reduced markers of glucose and lipid metabolism(fasting blood glucose(FBG),nonestesterified fatty acid(NEFA),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)),inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)),and liver damage(glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT))in T2DM mice.Additionally,FCPS ameliorated hepatic lipid droplet accumulation,fatty degeneration,and hepatocyte structural abnormalities.Western blot analysis confirmed FCPS-induced upregulation of key proteins in the IRS-1/AKT/PPARαsignaling pathway,(insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1),phosphatidyqinositol-3 kinase(PI3K),phospho-protein kinase B(p-AKT),glucose transporter 2(GLUT2),phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(p-GSK-3β),phospho-adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha(p-AMPKα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1α),PPARα,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ))and downregulation of GSK-3β,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),fatty acid synthase(FAS),and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR).16S r RNA sequencing results revealed FCPS's ability to modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM mice by promoting beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Lactobacillus_reuteri,Candidatus_Saccharimonas)and suppressing opportunistic pathogens(e.g.,Proteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,Escherichia-Shigella).These findings collectively suggest that FCPS has a marked effectiveness in improving glucose and lipid metabolism,decreasing inflammatory responses,as well as modulating the gut microbiota in T2DM mice via the gut-hepatic axis,demonstrating its potential as a functional food for diabetes prevention and management.
基金supported by the Major Fund Project of Anhui Province Department of Education(No.2022AH040077)the Academic Funding for Top Talents in Disciplines(Specialities)of Anhui Provincial High Education Institutes(No.gxbjzD2021056)the Program for New Era Cultivate Talents of Anhui province(Postgraduate Education)(No.2022xscx099).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology,characterized by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction.Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides(PGP),the primary component of Platycodon grandiflorus,and hesperidin(Hesp),a prominent active component in Citrus aurantium L.(CAL),have both demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the synergistic effect of PGP combined with Hesp on UC,focusing on the coordinated interaction between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathways.A mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and a cell model using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7/IEC6 cells were employed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of PGP combined with Hesp on UC and its potential mechanism of action.The results indicated that compared to the effects of either drug alone,the combination of PGP and Hesp significantly modulated inflammatory factor levels,inhibited oxidative stress,regulated colonic mucosal immunity,suppressed apoptosis,and restored intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo.Further in vitro studies revealed that PGP significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,while Hesp significantly inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.The use of inhibitors and activators targeting both pathways validated the synergistic effects of PGP combined with Hesp on the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.These findings suggest that PGP combined with Hesp exhibits a synergistic effect on DSS-induced colitis,potentially mediated through the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/PI3K/AKT and interleukin-6(IL-6)/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2021B0707060001)the Program for Scientific Research Start-Up Funds of Guangdong Ocean UniversityChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016T90787)。
文摘The mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides on immune functions and lipid metabolism of aged mammals have not been fully elucidated.In the present study,after assessing the impacts of one type of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides,named L2,on immune functions and blood lipid profiles,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)-based proteomic profiling of the small intestinal tissues from aged mice treated with L2 was performed.L2 reversed immune function declines and modulated the lipid metabolism of aged mice evidenced by increased levels of serum TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C,and reduced levels of serum TG.Moreover,a total of 95 differentially regulated proteins(DRPs) were identified,of which75 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated.Most of the DRPs were involved in intracellular and extracellular structure organization,and cellular and metabolic regulation.Particularly,approximately 16 and 9 DRPs participated in the regulation of immune functions and lipid metabolism,respectively.Furthermore,protein-protein interaction analysis highlighted that cadherin-1,plectin,cadherin-17,Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2,and ezrin might be key proteins in response to L2 treatment.These findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in anti-aging from a proteomic perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201994)。
文摘Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a natural homologous substance of medicine and food.Polysaccharide,as one of its primary active components,has very superior biological activity and can be used as a dietary supplement for functional foods,with good commercial prospects.Although initial progress has been made in the study of sea buckthorn polysaccharides,related studies have been fragmented and lacked systematic and generalization.This manuscript presents a critical analysis and systematic summary of the extraction and purification methods,structural characterization and physicochemical properties,biological activity and potential mechanisms,and structure-activity relationships of sea buckthorn polysaccharides.Accumulating evidence has indicated that sea buckthorn polysaccharides,which were widely prepared by water extraction and column chromatography purifications,exhibited exhibit superior biological activities in vitro and in vivo,including antioxidant,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,hepatorenal protective,antibacterial,antiviral,and prebiotic activities.After analysis,it was concluded that there is a correlation between the relevant activities of sea buckthorn polysaccharides and that the structure of sea buckthorn polysaccharides has a great influence on their biological activity.We reviewed the challenges and limitations of sea buckthorn polysaccharides,summarized the critical aspects,and provided suggestions for potential breakthroughs in the research and application of sea buckthorn polysaccharide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82373762,31872675)Major Special Programe of science and technology of Yunnan(202402AA310032,202305AH340005)+1 种基金the Cooperation Project with DR PLANT Company(2023)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(Nos.P2020-KF02,P2022-KF10).
文摘Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position GPs as dual-purpose agents for medicinal and functional food development.This review comprehensively explores the structural complexity of six key GPs and their specific mechanisms of action,such as TLR signaling in immune modulation,apoptosis pathways in anti-tumor activity,and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota.Additionally,the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of GPs are highlighted to elucidate their biological efficacy.Advances in green extraction techniques,including ultrasonic-assisted and enzymatic methods,are discussed for their roles in enhancing yield and aligning with sustainable production principles.Furthermore,the review addresses biotechnological innovations in polysaccharide biosynthesis,improving production efficiency and making large-scale production feasible.These insights,combined with ongoing research into their bioactivity,provide a solid foundation for developing health-promoting functional food products that incorporate GPs.Furthermore,future research directions are suggested to optimize biosynthesis pathways and fully harness the health benefits of these polysaccharides.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1100904)the Tianjin Key R&D Program (21YFSNSN00110)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of State Administration for Market Regulation (2019MK005, 2020MK010, 2022MK012)Tianjin Administration for Market Regulation (2019-W20)State Criteria for Food Safety (spaq-2020-08, spaq-2020-31, spaq-2021-07, spaq-2022-05)。
文摘A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which had an α-L-furanose configuration with an average molecular weight of 2.06 kDa.NMR spectra and monosaccharide constitution analyses revealed that it had a backbone of→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→with α-L-Araf(1→as the terminal residue.In vitro experiments found that it could lead to apoptosis and inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting them in the S phase.In vivo experiments showed that it protected immune organs such as the thymus and spleen,enhanced immune cell activities,stimulated cytokine release,augmented the abundance of CD8,CD3,CD4,and CD 19 positive lymphocytes,and markedly impeded solid hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and cell cycle examination also indicated that LMW-CPS arrested hepatocellular carcinoma cells at the S phase to induce apoptosis.These findings indicated its promising potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3501805)the Science and Technology Program of Tianjin in China(23ZYJDSS00030)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374030)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2021KJ127)Tianjin Outstanding Youth Fund(23JCJQJC00030).
文摘Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antitumor,hepatoprotective,and anti-aging effects.Among these,P.notoginseng polysaccharides(PNPs)have been exploited because of their extensive pharmacological effects,being ranked as one of the current research hotspots,especially for the functional foods and medical practice.In this review,the literature related to PNPs in the past 20 years was surveyed and analyzed using both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.The visualization diagram shows that current studies on PNPs mainly focus on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and structural characterization.In addition,the extraction,separation,purification,chemical analysis,structural characteristics,bioactivities,and applications of PNPs are outlined,in detail,aimed to provide valuable information for the further study,development,and utilization regarding PNPs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172191)the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(2021YJSB211).
文摘The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc flagelliforme grown under normal(WL-EPS-1),salt stress(NaCl-EPS-1)and mixotrophic culture conditions(Glu-EPS-1)were studied.The results demonstrated that WL-EPS-1,NaCl-EPS-1 and Glu-EPS-1 were heteropolysaccharides comprising different proportions of monosaccharides and uronic acid,with different average molecular weights of 0.99×10^(3),1.09×10^(3)and 1.18×10^(3)kDa,respectively.Their intrinsic viscosity were significantly different,at 24.72,29.98,and 41.06 dL/g,respectively.The functional groups of polysaccharides were not greatly affected,but the chemical composition,triple-helix structure,chain length and surface morphology were significantly influenced by culture conditions.In vitro bioactivity assays showed that the antioxidant activity generally increased in the order of WL-EPS-1<NaCl-EPS-1<Glu-EPS-1,while NaCl-EPS-1 had the best radioprotective effect,and Glu-EPS-1 had the best lipid-lowering effect.In addition,the structure-activity relationship of the polysaccharides was analyzed by partial least squares,which revealed that the most important factors affecting the antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities of polysaccharides were viscosity and molecular weight.This study provides a strategy for obtaining high-bioactivity polysaccharides by appropriate regulation of culture conditions,as well as opening new directions for the molecular modification of polysaccharides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
基金supported by the Key Technology Research on Increasing Recovery Rate in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs,a Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(Project No.2023ZZ25).
文摘Microbial polysaccharides,due to their unique physicochemical properties,have been shown to effec-tively enhance the stability of foam fracturing fluids.However,the combined application of microbial polysaccharides and surfactants under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions remain poorly understood.In this study,we innovatively investigate this problem with a particular focus on foam stabilization mechanisms.By employing the Waring blender method,the optimal surfactant-microbial polysaccharide blends are identified,and the foam stability,rheological properties,and decay behavior in different systems under varying conditions are systematically analyzed for the first time.The results reveal that microbial polysaccharides significantly enhance foam stability by improving the viscoelasticity of the liquid films,particularly under high-salinity and high-temperature conditions,leading to notable improvements in both foam stability and sand-carrying capacity.Additionally,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is used to observe the microstructure of the foam liquid films,demonstrating that the network structure formed by the foam stabilizer within the liquid film effectively inhibits foam coarsening.The Lauryl betaine and Diutan gum blend exhibits outstanding foam stability,superior sand-carrying capacity,and minimal core damage,making(LAB+MPS04)it ideal for applications in enhanced production and reservoir stimulation of unconventional reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82004027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11961).
文摘Inonotus obliquus,an edible and medicinal fungus,has proven to be beneficial for relieving body aging.Previous research has shown that I.obliquus polysaccharide(IOP)can effectively reduce oxidative stress and alleviate photoaging in UVB-treated HaCaT cells.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism through which IOP mitigates skin photodamage by modulating mitochondrial autophagy through both in vivo and in vitro experiments.The results indicated that IOP alleviated the thickening of the stratum corneum and inflammatory infiltration caused by UVB radiation.Moreover,IOP effectively inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1,3(MMP1 and MMP3)to prevent collagen breakdown and decreased the expression of aging-related proteins(P53 and P21)and inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in UVB-induced mice.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that IOP increased Sirtuin3(Sirt3)expression,activated the Foxo3a/PINK1-Parkin pathway and enhanced mitochondrial autophagy to reduce photodamage.Additionally,IOP could regulate the gut microbes in photodamaged mice and increase the relative abundance of Clostridium_XlVa,Desulfovibrio,and Barnesiella,which are important for protecting the intestinal barrier and alleviating intestinal dysfunction.These results provide a theoretical foundation for the use of IOP as a natural component to reduce skin photodamage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274134)the National Key R&D Plan(2017YFC1702200,2017YFC1702202)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Projects in Zhejiang Province(2020C04020)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C02183).
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Dendrobium officinale crude polysaccharides(DOPS)and D.officinale purified polysaccharides(DOPS100)in attenuating immune dysfunction in subfertile mice.The results of the study revealed several noteworthy findings.First,DOPS and DOPS100 treatments led to significant improvement in weight gain and reversal of fatigue-related behaviors compared to the normal group.Second,both DOPS and DOPS100 showed effectiveness in reducing immune organ swelling,modulating immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)levels,and restoring complement(C3c and C4)levels.In addition,they demonstrated a significant ability to enhance the integrity of the intestinal mechanical barrier by differentially upregulating the tight junction proteins Occludin and Zonula occludens 1(ZO-1).In addition,it was found that DOPS100 specifically enhanced the CD4^(+)-T helper 17 cell(Th17)/regulatory T cell(Treg)immune axis in the gut,as evidenced by increased expression of forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3)as well as decreased expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt(RORγt),and further modulation of interleukin 10(IL-10),interleukin 22(IL-22),and interleukin 17A(IL-17A)expression levels of inflammatory factors.These findings collectively suggest that DOPS100 holds significant potential in improving sub-healthy status by repairing the intestinal barrier,restoring local immune homeostasis,and activating the intestinal immune regulatory network.The study’s outcomes provide valuable insights into the therapeutic implications of DOPS and DOPS100 in addressing immune dysfunction in sub-healthy conditions.
