It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is nec...It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is necessary to pinpoint the pattern of interactions among key actors involved in community policing and improve the effectiveness of network governance. Based on 234 surveys of citizens of S Community in Beijing from April 2017 to May 2017, this paper empirically examines the characteristics of formal network and informal network of citizen participation in the collaborative community policing. Beijing is widely known for its active involvement of neighborhood volunteers in different types of community policing. We focused on four different types of interpersonal work relationships in this study： workflow, problem solving, mentoring and friendship, among resident committees, neighborhood administrative offices, media, police station, business security personnel, neighborhood volunteers, and security activists. The nature of relationships between individuals in networks can be treated as from instrumental ties to expressive ties. Expressive ties cover relationships that involve the exchange of friendship, trust, and socio-emotional support. We extended this intra-organizational insight into a community policing inter-organizational context. The collaborative network showed the trend of the distributed network. The clustering analysis showed that in the workflow network, we should make thll use of the close interaction between the citizens and activists in the community. Meanwhile, in the problem-solving network, mentoring network and friendship network, interactions between citizens and neighborhood committee are weak.展开更多
Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and...Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.展开更多
As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers ...As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.展开更多
Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security...Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.展开更多
Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national ...Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national development In order to fully benefit from their contribution and prevent them from engaging in illegal activities, states formulate and enforce policies that seek to regulate their activities. This paper examines the regulation of private guards companies in Nigeria using Abuja as its empirical core. The main aim is to promote understanding of how the private security industry is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory policy. Data for the paper were generated from in-depth interviews with the NSCDC （Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps）, analysis of the policy for PSCs （private security companies）, and a review of the annual performance report of the regulatory agency. The results revealed that the current system of PSC regulation is characterized by a lack of specialty classification of private security licences, limited regulatory scope with a focus on licensing of companies, lack of uniform standards on training, and high cost/difficulties in obtaining operational license. The paper concludes that the current regulatory setup for PSCs in Nigeria is ineffective and unsustainable and recommends an urgent review of the legal framework to alien its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry.展开更多
An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how ra...An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how rap music in Quebec,particularly through the work of the rap artist Webster and his collective Limoilou Starz(LS),serves as a tool for meaning-making,political expression,and resistance against racial profiling and police brutality experienced by Black youth in Quebec City.The study focuses on the song“SPVQ”(Service de police de la Ville de Québec)as a case study to analyze the encoding and reception of anti-racist messages within rap culture.Webster draws from a global tradition of socio-political rap-like that of African-American rappers KRS-One,LL Cool J,and Tupac-while anchoring his critique in the local realities of Limoilou,a marginalized,racially diverse district of Quebec City.Through a narrative,figurative,semantic,and ideological analysis of the song,the paper reveals how Webster articulates themes of police brutality,structural discrimination,economic marginalization,and resistance.The rapper’s message is both a form of testimony and a civic intervention.His broader activism is analyzed through ethnographic techniques-including participant observation and interviews during workshops,media appearances,and online campaigns.It translates these messages into tangible social practices.To explain the persistence of these injustices,the paper situates the issue within Quebec’s interculturalism framework,which ostensibly promotes dialogue and integration but often masks or even reinforces structural racism.This model maintains a symbolic majority/minority duality and conditions inclusion on conformity to a dominant White Francophone identity,thus rendering racialized youth as perpetual outsiders.展开更多
With blended learning emerging as a mainstream paradigm in higher education,the Document Security Technology course faces persistent challenges,including vague instructional objectives and low learning efficiency.Simu...With blended learning emerging as a mainstream paradigm in higher education,the Document Security Technology course faces persistent challenges,including vague instructional objectives and low learning efficiency.Simultaneously,the profession demands stronger self-directed learning capabilities from practitioners.To address these issues,this study develops a“Five-in-One”self-directed learning model comprising five interrelated dimensions:goal orientation,instructional regulation,cognitive development,technological resources,and process monitoring.The application of this model has significantly improved course evaluation outcomes,enhanced faculty teaching and research capacity,strengthened students’practical and innovative skills,and expanded the course’s reach and social impact.The model thus provides both a theoretical framework and a practical pathway for the reform of similar applied courses.展开更多
Background:The mental health challenges faced by police officers due to high-stress work environments necessitate effective interventions.Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)has shown promise in addressing mental health ...Background:The mental health challenges faced by police officers due to high-stress work environments necessitate effective interventions.Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)has shown promise in addressing mental health issues,and this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy(SCBT)in improving mental health outcomes among police officers.This intervention could provide a reference for enhancing mental health literacy and resilience in this population.Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)design was employed,involving 291 police officers who were randomly assigned to either the SCBT intervention group(n=145)or the control group(n=146).Participants completed pre-and post-intervention assessments using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),which measures multiple psychological symptoms including somatization,obsessive-compulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism.Statistical analyses were conducted to examine group differences in symptom severity and effect sizes.Results:Post-intervention results indicated significant reductions in somatization,obsessivecompulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism,with large effect sizes observed in the intervention group.Notably,the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the control group,particularly in overall psychological distress as measured by the total SCL-90 score.However,significant reductions in interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation were also observed in the control group,suggesting external factors may have influenced these dimensions.Conclusion:SCBT demonstrated efficacy in reducing psychological distress among police officers,offering a flexible and accessible mental health intervention.However,challenges such as high dropout rates and the complex,dynamic nature of mental health warrant further investigation.Future studies should explore targeted interventions for specific behavioral issues and consider SCBT as a supplementary tool alongside traditional psychotherapy.展开更多
Traffic issues have always received enthusiastic attention from the society.To better simulate the traffic environment,we use the well-known snowdrift game(SDG).Punishment has been regarded as a significant method to ...Traffic issues have always received enthusiastic attention from the society.To better simulate the traffic environment,we use the well-known snowdrift game(SDG).Punishment has been regarded as a significant method to promote cooperation.We propose a novel punishment mechanism and discuss its influence on the cooperation of the SDG.Considering that the snowball causes traffic jam,we add the role of the traffic police in the SDG.When the traffic police choose to cooperate,they have the right to punish the defectors.The scope of jurisdiction,the record of punishment and the method of deployment are decisive factors in deciding whether or not to punish the defectors and the severity of the punishment.Whether to sanction the defector and the severity of the punishment is jointly determined by the traffic police’s punishment record,jurisdiction,and deployment method.Through extensive simulation,we found that the difference between the two distribution methods becomes smaller as the jurisdiction becomes smaller.We need to choose the dominant distribution method based on the jurisdiction and the neighbor pattern.The results demonstrate that the punitive record,jurisdiction and distribution method all have an important impact on the SDG and traffic governance.展开更多
Hello,everyone.I am Li Hua.There are four people in my family.They are my parents,my brother and me.My father is a policeman.He works in a police station.He often helps other people.He likes reading newspapers.My moth...Hello,everyone.I am Li Hua.There are four people in my family.They are my parents,my brother and me.My father is a policeman.He works in a police station.He often helps other people.He likes reading newspapers.My mother is a doctor,and she works in a hospital.展开更多
As the saying goes, ＂Perception is reality＂. To many minorities, the police are prejudiced toward people of color and unconcerned about providing services to their communities. From the police＇s perception minority...As the saying goes, ＂Perception is reality＂. To many minorities, the police are prejudiced toward people of color and unconcerned about providing services to their communities. From the police＇s perception minority neighborhoods are ambivalent and non-supportive of police efforts to combat crime in their community. As police community-relations have appeared to decline over the past years and tensions have exacerbated between the two; which perception is more accurate？ Perhaps there is more than one answer with both sides needing to form a partnership and find ways to collaborate on strategies for a changing society. Negative perceptions threaten police and community relations and impact efforts to work together. Understanding both the cultural and ethnic differences of a community as well as the importance of discussing the implementation of crime control strategies are all elements, which can help change these negative perceptions. Police realize they alone cannot control crime and must truly enlist the aid of minority communities in this endeavor. As our society changes one thing is for certain, there are more questions than answers and we have to find a way to work together in order to be able to successfully meet the challenges that lie ahead. This literature review was conducted from two different perspectives-the perception of police and the community and the perceptions of community and the police.展开更多
文摘It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is necessary to pinpoint the pattern of interactions among key actors involved in community policing and improve the effectiveness of network governance. Based on 234 surveys of citizens of S Community in Beijing from April 2017 to May 2017, this paper empirically examines the characteristics of formal network and informal network of citizen participation in the collaborative community policing. Beijing is widely known for its active involvement of neighborhood volunteers in different types of community policing. We focused on four different types of interpersonal work relationships in this study： workflow, problem solving, mentoring and friendship, among resident committees, neighborhood administrative offices, media, police station, business security personnel, neighborhood volunteers, and security activists. The nature of relationships between individuals in networks can be treated as from instrumental ties to expressive ties. Expressive ties cover relationships that involve the exchange of friendship, trust, and socio-emotional support. We extended this intra-organizational insight into a community policing inter-organizational context. The collaborative network showed the trend of the distributed network. The clustering analysis showed that in the workflow network, we should make thll use of the close interaction between the citizens and activists in the community. Meanwhile, in the problem-solving network, mentoring network and friendship network, interactions between citizens and neighborhood committee are weak.
文摘Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.
文摘As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.
文摘Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.
文摘Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national development In order to fully benefit from their contribution and prevent them from engaging in illegal activities, states formulate and enforce policies that seek to regulate their activities. This paper examines the regulation of private guards companies in Nigeria using Abuja as its empirical core. The main aim is to promote understanding of how the private security industry is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory policy. Data for the paper were generated from in-depth interviews with the NSCDC （Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps）, analysis of the policy for PSCs （private security companies）, and a review of the annual performance report of the regulatory agency. The results revealed that the current system of PSC regulation is characterized by a lack of specialty classification of private security licences, limited regulatory scope with a focus on licensing of companies, lack of uniform standards on training, and high cost/difficulties in obtaining operational license. The paper concludes that the current regulatory setup for PSCs in Nigeria is ineffective and unsustainable and recommends an urgent review of the legal framework to alien its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry.
文摘An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how rap music in Quebec,particularly through the work of the rap artist Webster and his collective Limoilou Starz(LS),serves as a tool for meaning-making,political expression,and resistance against racial profiling and police brutality experienced by Black youth in Quebec City.The study focuses on the song“SPVQ”(Service de police de la Ville de Québec)as a case study to analyze the encoding and reception of anti-racist messages within rap culture.Webster draws from a global tradition of socio-political rap-like that of African-American rappers KRS-One,LL Cool J,and Tupac-while anchoring his critique in the local realities of Limoilou,a marginalized,racially diverse district of Quebec City.Through a narrative,figurative,semantic,and ideological analysis of the song,the paper reveals how Webster articulates themes of police brutality,structural discrimination,economic marginalization,and resistance.The rapper’s message is both a form of testimony and a civic intervention.His broader activism is analyzed through ethnographic techniques-including participant observation and interviews during workshops,media appearances,and online campaigns.It translates these messages into tangible social practices.To explain the persistence of these injustices,the paper situates the issue within Quebec’s interculturalism framework,which ostensibly promotes dialogue and integration but often masks or even reinforces structural racism.This model maintains a symbolic majority/minority duality and conditions inclusion on conformity to a dominant White Francophone identity,thus rendering racialized youth as perpetual outsiders.
基金Hebei Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Program(Project No.:2022GJJG467)。
文摘With blended learning emerging as a mainstream paradigm in higher education,the Document Security Technology course faces persistent challenges,including vague instructional objectives and low learning efficiency.Simultaneously,the profession demands stronger self-directed learning capabilities from practitioners.To address these issues,this study develops a“Five-in-One”self-directed learning model comprising five interrelated dimensions:goal orientation,instructional regulation,cognitive development,technological resources,and process monitoring.The application of this model has significantly improved course evaluation outcomes,enhanced faculty teaching and research capacity,strengthened students’practical and innovative skills,and expanded the course’s reach and social impact.The model thus provides both a theoretical framework and a practical pathway for the reform of similar applied courses.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Police Officers’Vocational College Scientific Research Project(grant number YJKY202310).
文摘Background:The mental health challenges faced by police officers due to high-stress work environments necessitate effective interventions.Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)has shown promise in addressing mental health issues,and this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy(SCBT)in improving mental health outcomes among police officers.This intervention could provide a reference for enhancing mental health literacy and resilience in this population.Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)design was employed,involving 291 police officers who were randomly assigned to either the SCBT intervention group(n=145)or the control group(n=146).Participants completed pre-and post-intervention assessments using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),which measures multiple psychological symptoms including somatization,obsessive-compulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism.Statistical analyses were conducted to examine group differences in symptom severity and effect sizes.Results:Post-intervention results indicated significant reductions in somatization,obsessivecompulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism,with large effect sizes observed in the intervention group.Notably,the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the control group,particularly in overall psychological distress as measured by the total SCL-90 score.However,significant reductions in interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation were also observed in the control group,suggesting external factors may have influenced these dimensions.Conclusion:SCBT demonstrated efficacy in reducing psychological distress among police officers,offering a flexible and accessible mental health intervention.However,challenges such as high dropout rates and the complex,dynamic nature of mental health warrant further investigation.Future studies should explore targeted interventions for specific behavioral issues and consider SCBT as a supplementary tool alongside traditional psychotherapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073270)the State Ethnic Affairs Commission Innovation Research Team and Innovative Research Team of the Education Department of Sichuan Province(No.15TD0050)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Southwest Minzu University(No.2021NYYXS38)。
文摘Traffic issues have always received enthusiastic attention from the society.To better simulate the traffic environment,we use the well-known snowdrift game(SDG).Punishment has been regarded as a significant method to promote cooperation.We propose a novel punishment mechanism and discuss its influence on the cooperation of the SDG.Considering that the snowball causes traffic jam,we add the role of the traffic police in the SDG.When the traffic police choose to cooperate,they have the right to punish the defectors.The scope of jurisdiction,the record of punishment and the method of deployment are decisive factors in deciding whether or not to punish the defectors and the severity of the punishment.Whether to sanction the defector and the severity of the punishment is jointly determined by the traffic police’s punishment record,jurisdiction,and deployment method.Through extensive simulation,we found that the difference between the two distribution methods becomes smaller as the jurisdiction becomes smaller.We need to choose the dominant distribution method based on the jurisdiction and the neighbor pattern.The results demonstrate that the punitive record,jurisdiction and distribution method all have an important impact on the SDG and traffic governance.
文摘Hello,everyone.I am Li Hua.There are four people in my family.They are my parents,my brother and me.My father is a policeman.He works in a police station.He often helps other people.He likes reading newspapers.My mother is a doctor,and she works in a hospital.
文摘As the saying goes, ＂Perception is reality＂. To many minorities, the police are prejudiced toward people of color and unconcerned about providing services to their communities. From the police＇s perception minority neighborhoods are ambivalent and non-supportive of police efforts to combat crime in their community. As police community-relations have appeared to decline over the past years and tensions have exacerbated between the two; which perception is more accurate？ Perhaps there is more than one answer with both sides needing to form a partnership and find ways to collaborate on strategies for a changing society. Negative perceptions threaten police and community relations and impact efforts to work together. Understanding both the cultural and ethnic differences of a community as well as the importance of discussing the implementation of crime control strategies are all elements, which can help change these negative perceptions. Police realize they alone cannot control crime and must truly enlist the aid of minority communities in this endeavor. As our society changes one thing is for certain, there are more questions than answers and we have to find a way to work together in order to be able to successfully meet the challenges that lie ahead. This literature review was conducted from two different perspectives-the perception of police and the community and the perceptions of community and the police.
