Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to thei...Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.展开更多
Autonomous navigation is a key technology for unmanned motion platforms to perform their tasks smoothly.The current approaches for daytime polarization navigation have been extensively researched.However,the polarizat...Autonomous navigation is a key technology for unmanned motion platforms to perform their tasks smoothly.The current approaches for daytime polarization navigation have been extensively researched.However,the polarization light intensity is the fundamental information within the polarization image,and the light intensity at night is 6-8 orders of magnitude lower than that during the day,which increase the noise and the loss of local polarization information due to occlusion,resulting in a significant decrease in the polarization orientation accuracy.Aimed at the problem,a bio-inspired model is introduced to denoise and enhance weak nighttime polarization patterns.Further,to address the issue of outlier interference in the occluded environment during practical application,a fast-fitting method of the solar meridian based on the anti-symmetric distribution of the polarization angle adjusted by Proportional and Differential(PD)control is proposed.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves a dynamic orientation error Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 0.7°in the weak polarization mode at night and in the presence of local occlusion.The proposed method has strong robustness under weak polarization occlusion at night,and the orientation accuracy is improved by 97%and 80%in comparison to the least squares method,which provides a new method for polarization navigation at night.This effectively improves the robustness and environmental applicability of the bionic polarization compass for nighttime applications.展开更多
PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual m...PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual meeting in Goa,India,August 2025.As an endorsed journal of AFoPS,APS is now authorized to use the designation“Officially Endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)”and to display the official AFoPS logo on its website,in all print and digital editions,and across its promotional materials.展开更多
A dual-wavelength ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber(EDF)laser is designed based on two polarization beam splitters(PBSs)and a polarization controller(PC)performing gain equalization and polarization hole burning(PHB)effe...A dual-wavelength ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber(EDF)laser is designed based on two polarization beam splitters(PBSs)and a polarization controller(PC)performing gain equalization and polarization hole burning(PHB)effect.At room temperature,a stable dual-wavelength laser and a multi-output port laser which can simultaneously emit single-wavelength lasing and dual-wavelength lasing are obtained.The signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs)for single-wavelength outputs were 54.70 dB and 57.10 dB,with power fluctuations less than 0.038 mW and 0.029 mW,respectively.For dual-wavelength lasing,the SNRs were 59.63 dB and 59.25 dB,with power fluctuations less than 0.018 mW and 0.008 mW,respectively.The center wavelength drift was less than 0.006 nm for both single-wavelength and dual-wavelength outputs.展开更多
Cellular asymmetry,which represents a fundamental characteristic of cell polarity,is prominently illustrated by the apical-basal localization of PINFORMED(PIN)auxin efflux carriers in Arabidopsis thaliana.Although the...Cellular asymmetry,which represents a fundamental characteristic of cell polarity,is prominently illustrated by the apical-basal localization of PINFORMED(PIN)auxin efflux carriers in Arabidopsis thaliana.Although the maintenance of PIN polarity at the plasma membrane(PM)relies on endomembrane trafficking,the pivotal factors responsible for recruiting PIN proteins to the PM remain largely unknown.In this study,we discover that EXO70G1displays a polarized distribution at the PM in root cells.Acting as a putative subunit of the exocyst complex,which mediates the tethering of exocytic vesicles to the PM,EXO70G1 exhibits continuous recycling foci at the PM,and its dynamic behavior is akin to that of SEC6 and SEC8.Disruption of EXO70G1 and its homolog EXO70G2 in Arabidopsis reduces auxin accumulation and primary root length.Importantly,the recycling of PIN2 from the brefeldin A(BFA)compartment to the PM is compromised,and the abundance of PIN2 at the PM is reduced in the exo70G1 exo70G2 backgrounds.Interestingly,live-cell imaging reveals that the polarity of EXO70G1 is established during cytokinesis,prior to that of PIN2,and is maintained throughout the subsequent phases of cell elongation and differentiation.When the lipid raft was disturbed,the accumulation of EXO70G1 at the PM decreased.Our findings highlight the crucial role of EXO70G1 in root development by providing positional cues that facilitate the recycling efficiency of PIN2 to the PM.展开更多
Achieving rational control over polarization states and color of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)through simple modulation poses a challenging yet highly practical problem.To address this issue,we developed a me...Achieving rational control over polarization states and color of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)through simple modulation poses a challenging yet highly practical problem.To address this issue,we developed a mechano-responsive chiral supramolecular system based on a cyclohexanediamide-derived gelator CCPy.This molecule exhibited a strong blue fluorescence accompanied by a distinct CPL signal upon forming a supramolecular gel in toluene.However,upon the application of mechanical force,the gel rapidly transformed into a faintly emissive suspension with a silent CPL signal,along with a notable morphological alteration.Furthermore,by implementing the circularly polarized Förster resonance energy transfer(CP-FRET)strategy,the mechano-responsiveness was effectively imparted to binary systems through the incorporation of dyes Nile red(NR)and coumarin 7(C7),thus realizing mechanical force-switchable green and red CPL systems.It was particularly noteworthy that by adjusting the ratio of CCPy,C7 and NR,a ternary mechanical force-induced CPL ON-OFF switch that emitted a standard white emission was achieved through sequential CP-FRET.Following this,an information encryption experiment was performed.This work provided a paradigm for fabricating smart multi-color and white-light CPL materials.展开更多
Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successiv...Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.展开更多
Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a prom...Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.展开更多
Polyurethane elastomers exhibit high dielectric constants owing to their polar groups,and can be used as energy storage capacitors.Energy storage depends not only on the dielectric constant but also on the dielectric ...Polyurethane elastomers exhibit high dielectric constants owing to their polar groups,and can be used as energy storage capacitors.Energy storage depends not only on the dielectric constant but also on the dielectric loss.However,the relationship between chain structure and dielectric properties is not yet clear.Ketal-containing crosslinked polyurethane elastomers were prepared using cyclic ketal diol as a chain extender.The effect of the soft segment length on the dielectric properties and energy storage was investigated.The cause of the change in the dipolar polarization with the soft segment length was analyzed.As the soft segment length increased,the hard-soft hydrogen bonding decreased,whereas the hard-hard hydrogen bonding increased.Under the action of an electric field,the polar bonds in the ketal-containing polyurethane elastomer overcome the hydrogen bonding between hard-soft segments to produce polarization;meanwhile,they also experience crankshaft motions to generate polarization.The former has a relatively high relaxation activation energy of approximately 10-20 k J·mol^(-1),resulting in a large dielectric loss.The latter has a relatively low relaxation activation energy,approximately 0.7-1.7 kJ·mol^(-1),leading to low dielectric loss.As a result,the dielectric constant showed a decreasing trend,and the dielectric loss gradually decreased.This study provides a theoretical foundation for improving the dielectric properties of polyurethane elastomers.展开更多
Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordina...Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordinary(L-X)modes.The role of AKR in magnetosphere−ionosphere−atmosphere coupling depends sensitively on its wave mode.While previous studies have primarily focused on the dominant R-X mode,we present the first systematic identification of all three modes using a practical polarization analysis method based on Arase satellite observations.This method employs a spin-axis-relative Ratio:when the satellite's spin axis aligns with the background magnetic field,a positive(negative)Ratio indicates the right-handed(left-handed)polarization,with reversal under anti-parallel conditions.Combined polarization-frequency analysis reveals that R-X,L-O,and L-X modes can exist in both dayside and nightside regions,with power spectral densities up to 10^(-6)mV^(2)m^(-2)Hz^(-1).This study resolves long-standing ambiguities in AKR mode classification and has implications for understanding AKR-induced electron dynamics.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health issue,with 463 million adults affected in 2019.Without intervention,this number is projected to increase to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045[1].Diabetic woun...Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health issue,with 463 million adults affected in 2019.Without intervention,this number is projected to increase to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045[1].Diabetic wound,a significant complication,is characterized by delayed healing,high disability rates,and elevated mortality[2].The challenges of wound healing in diabetic patients,compounded by their high morbidity and mortality rates,have drawn growing attention in biomedical research.展开更多
Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_...Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3−δ)(BSCCFN)air electrode,based on Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(BSCF),is designed using a perovskite A-B-site ionic Lewis acid strength(ISA)polarization distribution strategy and is successfully applied in both oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells(O-SOFCs)and proton-conducting reversible protonic ceramic cells(R-PCCs).When BSCCFN is used as the air electrode in O-SOFCs,a peak power density(PPD)of 1.45 W cm^(−2)is achieved at 650°C,whereas in R-PCCs,a PPD of 1.13 W cm^(−2)and a current density of−1.8 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V are achieved at the same temperature and show stable reversibility over 100 h.Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-ISA Cs+doping accelerates the reaction kinetics of both oxygen ions and protons,while high-ISA Nb^(5+)doping enhances electrode stability.The synergistic effect of Cs^(+)and Nb^(5+)co-doping in the BSCCFN electrode lies in the ISA polarization distribution,which weakens the Co/Fe–O bond covalency,thereby promoting oxygen vacancy formation and facilitating the conduction of oxygen ions and protons.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
From its founding in 1990 as Antarctic Research(English version)to the autumn issue in 2025(this issue),Advances in Polar Science(APS)has published a total of 100 issues,marking the beginning of a new stage in its dev...From its founding in 1990 as Antarctic Research(English version)to the autumn issue in 2025(this issue),Advances in Polar Science(APS)has published a total of 100 issues,marking the beginning of a new stage in its development.The year 2025 is a significant milestone for both global polar research and APS.APS was endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)and initiated cooperation during the 2025 AFoPS annual general meeting in India.APS will support AFoPS in planning and organizing special issues in various fields of polar science and in supporting early-career researchers from Asia in publishing their work.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modu...Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge ...Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.展开更多
The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.How...The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.展开更多
To identify coatings and analyze the anti-detection capabilities of camouflage patterns, material samples can be prepared using the super-pixel segmentation method. A spectral polarization imaging system is developed,...To identify coatings and analyze the anti-detection capabilities of camouflage patterns, material samples can be prepared using the super-pixel segmentation method. A spectral polarization imaging system is developed, based on the principle of bidirectional reflectance distribution function(BRDF), to obtain spectral reflection intensities of coatings at full spatial angles, and use polarization images to calculate the refractive index by the Fresnel equation. The index is then coupled into TorranceSparrow model to simulate the spectral scattering intensity to mutually verify the experimental results. The spectral scattering characteristics of standard camouflage patterns are then revealed and pinpoint the signature band and the angle of reflecting sensitivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12475012,62461160263 for P.W.,and 62276171 for H.L.)Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Project No.2023ZD0300600 for P.W.)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant Nos.GDZX240-3009 and GDZX2303005 for P.W.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2024-A1515011938 for H.L.)Shenzhen Fundamental ResearchGeneral Project (Grant No.JCYJ20240813141503005 for H.L.)the Talents Introduction Foundation of Beijing Normal University (Grant No.310432106 for P.W.)。
文摘Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.
基金co-supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.202103021222011)the Key Research and Development project of Shanxi Province of China(No.202202020101002)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province of China(No.202303021211150)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.2022Z0220U0002)the Graduate Education Innovation Plan Project of Shanxi Province,China(No.2023KY588)the Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement,China(No.201905D121001).
文摘Autonomous navigation is a key technology for unmanned motion platforms to perform their tasks smoothly.The current approaches for daytime polarization navigation have been extensively researched.However,the polarization light intensity is the fundamental information within the polarization image,and the light intensity at night is 6-8 orders of magnitude lower than that during the day,which increase the noise and the loss of local polarization information due to occlusion,resulting in a significant decrease in the polarization orientation accuracy.Aimed at the problem,a bio-inspired model is introduced to denoise and enhance weak nighttime polarization patterns.Further,to address the issue of outlier interference in the occluded environment during practical application,a fast-fitting method of the solar meridian based on the anti-symmetric distribution of the polarization angle adjusted by Proportional and Differential(PD)control is proposed.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves a dynamic orientation error Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 0.7°in the weak polarization mode at night and in the presence of local occlusion.The proposed method has strong robustness under weak polarization occlusion at night,and the orientation accuracy is improved by 97%and 80%in comparison to the least squares method,which provides a new method for polarization navigation at night.This effectively improves the robustness and environmental applicability of the bionic polarization compass for nighttime applications.
文摘PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual meeting in Goa,India,August 2025.As an endorsed journal of AFoPS,APS is now authorized to use the designation“Officially Endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)”and to display the official AFoPS logo on its website,in all print and digital editions,and across its promotional materials.
基金supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department,China(No.23A0446)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(provinces and cities combined)(No.2022JJ50067)+1 种基金the Hunan Province Degree and Postgraduate Teaching Reform Research Project,China(No.2022JGYB182)the Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Hunan University of Technology(No.CX2314).
文摘A dual-wavelength ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber(EDF)laser is designed based on two polarization beam splitters(PBSs)and a polarization controller(PC)performing gain equalization and polarization hole burning(PHB)effect.At room temperature,a stable dual-wavelength laser and a multi-output port laser which can simultaneously emit single-wavelength lasing and dual-wavelength lasing are obtained.The signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs)for single-wavelength outputs were 54.70 dB and 57.10 dB,with power fluctuations less than 0.038 mW and 0.029 mW,respectively.For dual-wavelength lasing,the SNRs were 59.63 dB and 59.25 dB,with power fluctuations less than 0.018 mW and 0.008 mW,respectively.The center wavelength drift was less than 0.006 nm for both single-wavelength and dual-wavelength outputs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571467)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021MC141)。
文摘Cellular asymmetry,which represents a fundamental characteristic of cell polarity,is prominently illustrated by the apical-basal localization of PINFORMED(PIN)auxin efflux carriers in Arabidopsis thaliana.Although the maintenance of PIN polarity at the plasma membrane(PM)relies on endomembrane trafficking,the pivotal factors responsible for recruiting PIN proteins to the PM remain largely unknown.In this study,we discover that EXO70G1displays a polarized distribution at the PM in root cells.Acting as a putative subunit of the exocyst complex,which mediates the tethering of exocytic vesicles to the PM,EXO70G1 exhibits continuous recycling foci at the PM,and its dynamic behavior is akin to that of SEC6 and SEC8.Disruption of EXO70G1 and its homolog EXO70G2 in Arabidopsis reduces auxin accumulation and primary root length.Importantly,the recycling of PIN2 from the brefeldin A(BFA)compartment to the PM is compromised,and the abundance of PIN2 at the PM is reduced in the exo70G1 exo70G2 backgrounds.Interestingly,live-cell imaging reveals that the polarity of EXO70G1 is established during cytokinesis,prior to that of PIN2,and is maintained throughout the subsequent phases of cell elongation and differentiation.When the lipid raft was disturbed,the accumulation of EXO70G1 at the PM decreased.Our findings highlight the crucial role of EXO70G1 in root development by providing positional cues that facilitate the recycling efficiency of PIN2 to the PM.
基金financialsupport from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0770101)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1508900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22202211 and 52321006).
文摘Achieving rational control over polarization states and color of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)through simple modulation poses a challenging yet highly practical problem.To address this issue,we developed a mechano-responsive chiral supramolecular system based on a cyclohexanediamide-derived gelator CCPy.This molecule exhibited a strong blue fluorescence accompanied by a distinct CPL signal upon forming a supramolecular gel in toluene.However,upon the application of mechanical force,the gel rapidly transformed into a faintly emissive suspension with a silent CPL signal,along with a notable morphological alteration.Furthermore,by implementing the circularly polarized Förster resonance energy transfer(CP-FRET)strategy,the mechano-responsiveness was effectively imparted to binary systems through the incorporation of dyes Nile red(NR)and coumarin 7(C7),thus realizing mechanical force-switchable green and red CPL systems.It was particularly noteworthy that by adjusting the ratio of CCPy,C7 and NR,a ternary mechanical force-induced CPL ON-OFF switch that emitted a standard white emission was achieved through sequential CP-FRET.Following this,an information encryption experiment was performed.This work provided a paradigm for fabricating smart multi-color and white-light CPL materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61801327).
文摘Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720272)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.
基金financially supported by the Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis&Reuse Technology(No.PA230102)。
文摘Polyurethane elastomers exhibit high dielectric constants owing to their polar groups,and can be used as energy storage capacitors.Energy storage depends not only on the dielectric constant but also on the dielectric loss.However,the relationship between chain structure and dielectric properties is not yet clear.Ketal-containing crosslinked polyurethane elastomers were prepared using cyclic ketal diol as a chain extender.The effect of the soft segment length on the dielectric properties and energy storage was investigated.The cause of the change in the dipolar polarization with the soft segment length was analyzed.As the soft segment length increased,the hard-soft hydrogen bonding decreased,whereas the hard-hard hydrogen bonding increased.Under the action of an electric field,the polar bonds in the ketal-containing polyurethane elastomer overcome the hydrogen bonding between hard-soft segments to produce polarization;meanwhile,they also experience crankshaft motions to generate polarization.The former has a relatively high relaxation activation energy of approximately 10-20 k J·mol^(-1),resulting in a large dielectric loss.The latter has a relatively low relaxation activation energy,approximately 0.7-1.7 kJ·mol^(-1),leading to low dielectric loss.As a result,the dielectric constant showed a decreasing trend,and the dielectric loss gradually decreased.This study provides a theoretical foundation for improving the dielectric properties of polyurethane elastomers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42374215,42230209,42374199,42304183,42422406,42174185,72061147004 and 72342001)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File no.0042/2024/RIA1 and 0008/2024/AKP)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant 2023JJ20038)the Research Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2025JJ10009,2022RC4025,2025QK1004,2023JJ50312,2023JJ50010 and 2024RC9012).
文摘Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordinary(L-X)modes.The role of AKR in magnetosphere−ionosphere−atmosphere coupling depends sensitively on its wave mode.While previous studies have primarily focused on the dominant R-X mode,we present the first systematic identification of all three modes using a practical polarization analysis method based on Arase satellite observations.This method employs a spin-axis-relative Ratio:when the satellite's spin axis aligns with the background magnetic field,a positive(negative)Ratio indicates the right-handed(left-handed)polarization,with reversal under anti-parallel conditions.Combined polarization-frequency analysis reveals that R-X,L-O,and L-X modes can exist in both dayside and nightside regions,with power spectral densities up to 10^(-6)mV^(2)m^(-2)Hz^(-1).This study resolves long-standing ambiguities in AKR mode classification and has implications for understanding AKR-induced electron dynamics.
基金supported by a grant from General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.Y202455614).
文摘Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health issue,with 463 million adults affected in 2019.Without intervention,this number is projected to increase to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045[1].Diabetic wound,a significant complication,is characterized by delayed healing,high disability rates,and elevated mortality[2].The challenges of wound healing in diabetic patients,compounded by their high morbidity and mortality rates,have drawn growing attention in biomedical research.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 91745203) supplemented by Central Universities’ Basic Research Funds.
文摘Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3−δ)(BSCCFN)air electrode,based on Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(BSCF),is designed using a perovskite A-B-site ionic Lewis acid strength(ISA)polarization distribution strategy and is successfully applied in both oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells(O-SOFCs)and proton-conducting reversible protonic ceramic cells(R-PCCs).When BSCCFN is used as the air electrode in O-SOFCs,a peak power density(PPD)of 1.45 W cm^(−2)is achieved at 650°C,whereas in R-PCCs,a PPD of 1.13 W cm^(−2)and a current density of−1.8 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V are achieved at the same temperature and show stable reversibility over 100 h.Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-ISA Cs+doping accelerates the reaction kinetics of both oxygen ions and protons,while high-ISA Nb^(5+)doping enhances electrode stability.The synergistic effect of Cs^(+)and Nb^(5+)co-doping in the BSCCFN electrode lies in the ISA polarization distribution,which weakens the Co/Fe–O bond covalency,thereby promoting oxygen vacancy formation and facilitating the conduction of oxygen ions and protons.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
文摘From its founding in 1990 as Antarctic Research(English version)to the autumn issue in 2025(this issue),Advances in Polar Science(APS)has published a total of 100 issues,marking the beginning of a new stage in its development.The year 2025 is a significant milestone for both global polar research and APS.APS was endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)and initiated cooperation during the 2025 AFoPS annual general meeting in India.APS will support AFoPS in planning and organizing special issues in various fields of polar science and in supporting early-career researchers from Asia in publishing their work.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos.82201474 (to GL), 82071330 (to ZT), and 92148206 (to ZT)Key Research and Discovery Program of Hubei Province, No.2021BCA109 (to ZT)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
基金supported by NSFC(22271282)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences with the grant number of CXZX-2022-JQ04.
文摘Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404602)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B2045,62305362)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1424400)the Fund of SITP Innovation Foundation(CX-461 and CX-522)Special Project to Seize the Commanding Heights of Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,subtopic(GJ0090406-6).
文摘The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Item (No.20240402068GH)。
文摘To identify coatings and analyze the anti-detection capabilities of camouflage patterns, material samples can be prepared using the super-pixel segmentation method. A spectral polarization imaging system is developed, based on the principle of bidirectional reflectance distribution function(BRDF), to obtain spectral reflection intensities of coatings at full spatial angles, and use polarization images to calculate the refractive index by the Fresnel equation. The index is then coupled into TorranceSparrow model to simulate the spectral scattering intensity to mutually verify the experimental results. The spectral scattering characteristics of standard camouflage patterns are then revealed and pinpoint the signature band and the angle of reflecting sensitivity.
