TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especial...TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especially in rice and maize. Here, we identified one ortholog in rice(OsLTPg29) and two orthologs in maize(ZmLTPg11 and ZmLTPx2). Similar to TaMs1, both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 genes are specifically expressed in the microsporocytes, and both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 proteins showed lipid-binding ability to phosphatidic acid and several phosphoinositides. To determine their roles in pollen development, we created osltpg29 mutants and zmltpg11 zmltpx2 double mutants by CRISPR/Cas9.osltpg29, not zmltpg11 zmltpx2, is defective in pollen development, and only OsLTPg29, not ZmLTPg11,can rescue the male sterility of tams1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that the biological function of MS1 in pollen development differs in the evolution of Poaceae plants.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:"">Poa</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>pratensis</i> </span><span style="font-family:"&q...<i><span style="font-family:"">Poa</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>pratensis</i> </span><span style="font-family:"">L. (Poaceae) is a hardy, persistent, attractive forage and turf grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climate. In this study, we release and detail the complete chloroplast genome sequences of <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i>. The whole chloroplast genome was 135,649 bp in length and comprised 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes. The <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> chloroplast genome had a GC content of 38.3%. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> was closely related to <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> cv. <i>Qinghai</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>poophagorum</i>. This study would provide useful genetic information for the protection of <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> and other related species.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbici...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbicide, 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW, was applied in field trials in 2013 to investigate its efficacy in five representa-tive rice producing areas, one in each of the provinces Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning. [Result] The results showed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW could effectively control Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice without negative effects on the rice crop. The optimal application rate of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW was found to be 750-1 500 ml/hm2. [Conclusion] The study confirmed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW has clear potential for wide-spread adoption in rice production systems.展开更多
DNA barcoding is a powerful technique for species identification with little morphological knowledge, by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two core barcode markers, rbcL and matK, and a...DNA barcoding is a powerful technique for species identification with little morphological knowledge, by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two core barcode markers, rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region were used to examine the effectiveness of the markers for Poaceae barcoding using 133 individuals of 36 taxa across 23 genera of Korean Panicoideae. We also aimed to establish a DNA barcode database for the major weeds of Korean Panicoideae. All three markers revealed a good level of amplification and sequencing success. As a single DNA marker, the ITS region achieved the highest species resolution, followed by matK. Resolving power was increased when nrlTS was incorporated into the core barcode markers. The best resolving power was obtained with a combination of matK ＋ ITS with 89.7%, followed by rbcL ＋ matK ＋ ITS with 89.3%. Thus, rbcL may be not necessary as a DNA barcode for Panicoideae species identification, when considering cost and effectiveness. Instead, a combination of matK ＋ ITS is proposed as the most suitable DNA barcode for the species identification of Panicoideae, Poaceae. We conclude that DNA barcoding using a combination of matK ＋ ITS could be one of powerful techniques for the identification of Poaceae species, The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） database for public use.展开更多
Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and...Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.展开更多
The selection of adequate plant species is a prerequisite for cleaning-up trace metal contaminated-soils by phytoaccumulation which is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology. The potential of Panicum...The selection of adequate plant species is a prerequisite for cleaning-up trace metal contaminated-soils by phytoaccumulation which is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology. The potential of Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon to uptake trace metals from the soil of the Akouedo landfill was investigated. The concentrations of trace metals in soil were also considered. Moreover, the accumulation of Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd was assessed based on bioconcentration factor, translocation factor. The results showed high concentration values in the soil of the abandoned and the operation site of the landfill compare to the control site. The highest concentrations of trace metals in the plant shoot were observed with P. maximum for Ni. In root biomass, Zn, Cu and Cd showed high concentrations with P. maximum, E. indica and C. dactylon. Furthermore, the highest values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) for Ni, were respectively 111.98 ± 82.45 and 4.26 ± 1.75 and were recorded with P. maximum. P. maximum, suggesting that it can be considered as a Ni hyperaccumulator.展开更多
（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans consist of unbranched and unsubstituted chains of （1,3）- and （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ratio of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues appears to i...（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans consist of unbranched and unsubstituted chains of （1,3）- and （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ratio of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues appears to influence not only the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and therefore its functional properties in cell walls, but also its adoption by different plant species during evolution. The （1,3; 1,4）-β-D-glucans are widely distributed as non-cellulosic matrix phase polysaccharides in cell walls of the Poaceae, which evolved relatively recently and consist of the grasses and commercially important cereal species, but they are less commonly found in lower vascular plants, such as the horsetails, in algae and in fungi. The （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have often been considered to be components mainly of primary cell walls, but recent observations indicate that they can also be located in secondary walls of certain tissues. Enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have been well characterized. In contrast, initial difficulties in purifying the enzymes responsible for （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis slowed progress in the identification of the genes that encode （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthases, but emerging comparative genomics and associated techniques have allowed at least some of the genes that contribute to （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthesis in the Poaceae to be identified. Whether similar genes and enzymes also mediate （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in lower plants and fungi is not yet known. Here, we compare the different fine structures of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans across the plant kingdom, present current information on the genes that have been implicated recently in their biosynthesis, and consider aspects of the cell biology of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in the Poaceae.展开更多
Nodal segments from secondary branches of saplings of Phyllostachys bambusoides were inoculated in MS medium to assess the in vitro morphogenic response of leaf sheath through the induction to callogenesis by Picloram...Nodal segments from secondary branches of saplings of Phyllostachys bambusoides were inoculated in MS medium to assess the in vitro morphogenic response of leaf sheath through the induction to callogenesis by Picloram（4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid） at different concentrations of carbohydrate under the same conditions with presence or absence of luminosity.In our experiment,secondary explants were kept in MS medium containing 8.0 mg·L-1 of Picloram for the callus formation.Calluses were transferred in MS medium supplemented with sucrose,fructose and glucose（control,2%,4% and 6%）.Results show that Picloram induced the callogenesis in leaf sheath.The secondary embryogenesis was formed in yellow-globular callus.The sucrose as carbohydrate source in the absence of light was more efficient to induce rhizogenesis.Glucose was more efficiency in the presence of light.Callogenic induction and further embryogenesis evidenced the competence and determination of leaf sheath cells.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its appli...Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biological potential of methanol and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts in seven species of family Poaceae.METHODS: Qualitative phytochemical tests were done by using standard protocols. In vitro...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biological potential of methanol and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts in seven species of family Poaceae.METHODS: Qualitative phytochemical tests were done by using standard protocols. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed via different assays and antimicrobial potential was observed via disc diffusion method. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using brine shrimps’ assay.RESULTS: Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols,steroids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins and coumarins in most of the plant extracts. Maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were observed in Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract and Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract along with significant number of total flavonoids and phenols contents. However, Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract and Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract showed minimum antioxidant as well as antimicrobial potential. Moreover, methanol extracts showed a cytotoxic effect with their effectiveness ranked Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract > Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata methanol extract > Stipagrostis plumosa methanol extract > Cenchrus ciliaris methanol extract > Panicum antidotale methanol extract. Similarly, n-hexane plant extracts revealed cytotoxic activity in decreasing order Cenchrus ciliaris n-hexane extract > Stipagrostis plumosa n-hexane extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata n-hexane extract > Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract > Panicum antidotale n-hexane extract > Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract respectively.CONCLUSION: Methanol extracts exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential which can be correlated to their medicinal values. The observed brine shrimp’s lethality of the plant extracts revealed the presence of potent cytotoxic components in these plants.展开更多
The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were...The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.展开更多
基金supported by Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, and Beijing Municipal Government Science Foundation (IDHT20170513)。
文摘TaMs1 encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP) and is required for pollen development in wheat. Although MS1 is a Poaceae-specific gene, the roles of MS1 genes in other Poaceae plants are unknown, especially in rice and maize. Here, we identified one ortholog in rice(OsLTPg29) and two orthologs in maize(ZmLTPg11 and ZmLTPx2). Similar to TaMs1, both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 genes are specifically expressed in the microsporocytes, and both OsLTPg29 and ZmLTPg11 proteins showed lipid-binding ability to phosphatidic acid and several phosphoinositides. To determine their roles in pollen development, we created osltpg29 mutants and zmltpg11 zmltpx2 double mutants by CRISPR/Cas9.osltpg29, not zmltpg11 zmltpx2, is defective in pollen development, and only OsLTPg29, not ZmLTPg11,can rescue the male sterility of tams1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that the biological function of MS1 in pollen development differs in the evolution of Poaceae plants.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:"">Poa</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>pratensis</i> </span><span style="font-family:"">L. (Poaceae) is a hardy, persistent, attractive forage and turf grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climate. In this study, we release and detail the complete chloroplast genome sequences of <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i>. The whole chloroplast genome was 135,649 bp in length and comprised 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes. The <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> chloroplast genome had a GC content of 38.3%. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> was closely related to <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> cv. <i>Qinghai</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>poophagorum</i>. This study would provide useful genetic information for the protection of <i>P</i>. <i>pratensis</i> and other related species.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbicide, 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW, was applied in field trials in 2013 to investigate its efficacy in five representa-tive rice producing areas, one in each of the provinces Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning. [Result] The results showed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW could effectively control Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice without negative effects on the rice crop. The optimal application rate of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW was found to be 750-1 500 ml/hm2. [Conclusion] The study confirmed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW has clear potential for wide-spread adoption in rice production systems.
文摘DNA barcoding is a powerful technique for species identification with little morphological knowledge, by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two core barcode markers, rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region were used to examine the effectiveness of the markers for Poaceae barcoding using 133 individuals of 36 taxa across 23 genera of Korean Panicoideae. We also aimed to establish a DNA barcode database for the major weeds of Korean Panicoideae. All three markers revealed a good level of amplification and sequencing success. As a single DNA marker, the ITS region achieved the highest species resolution, followed by matK. Resolving power was increased when nrlTS was incorporated into the core barcode markers. The best resolving power was obtained with a combination of matK ＋ ITS with 89.7%, followed by rbcL ＋ matK ＋ ITS with 89.3%. Thus, rbcL may be not necessary as a DNA barcode for Panicoideae species identification, when considering cost and effectiveness. Instead, a combination of matK ＋ ITS is proposed as the most suitable DNA barcode for the species identification of Panicoideae, Poaceae. We conclude that DNA barcoding using a combination of matK ＋ ITS could be one of powerful techniques for the identification of Poaceae species, The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） database for public use.
文摘Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.
文摘The selection of adequate plant species is a prerequisite for cleaning-up trace metal contaminated-soils by phytoaccumulation which is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology. The potential of Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon to uptake trace metals from the soil of the Akouedo landfill was investigated. The concentrations of trace metals in soil were also considered. Moreover, the accumulation of Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd was assessed based on bioconcentration factor, translocation factor. The results showed high concentration values in the soil of the abandoned and the operation site of the landfill compare to the control site. The highest concentrations of trace metals in the plant shoot were observed with P. maximum for Ni. In root biomass, Zn, Cu and Cd showed high concentrations with P. maximum, E. indica and C. dactylon. Furthermore, the highest values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) for Ni, were respectively 111.98 ± 82.45 and 4.26 ± 1.75 and were recorded with P. maximum. P. maximum, suggesting that it can be considered as a Ni hyperaccumulator.
文摘（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans consist of unbranched and unsubstituted chains of （1,3）- and （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ratio of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues appears to influence not only the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and therefore its functional properties in cell walls, but also its adoption by different plant species during evolution. The （1,3; 1,4）-β-D-glucans are widely distributed as non-cellulosic matrix phase polysaccharides in cell walls of the Poaceae, which evolved relatively recently and consist of the grasses and commercially important cereal species, but they are less commonly found in lower vascular plants, such as the horsetails, in algae and in fungi. The （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have often been considered to be components mainly of primary cell walls, but recent observations indicate that they can also be located in secondary walls of certain tissues. Enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have been well characterized. In contrast, initial difficulties in purifying the enzymes responsible for （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis slowed progress in the identification of the genes that encode （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthases, but emerging comparative genomics and associated techniques have allowed at least some of the genes that contribute to （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthesis in the Poaceae to be identified. Whether similar genes and enzymes also mediate （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in lower plants and fungi is not yet known. Here, we compare the different fine structures of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans across the plant kingdom, present current information on the genes that have been implicated recently in their biosynthesis, and consider aspects of the cell biology of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in the Poaceae.
基金supported by FAPESP (So Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil)CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level, Brazil)
文摘Nodal segments from secondary branches of saplings of Phyllostachys bambusoides were inoculated in MS medium to assess the in vitro morphogenic response of leaf sheath through the induction to callogenesis by Picloram（4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid） at different concentrations of carbohydrate under the same conditions with presence or absence of luminosity.In our experiment,secondary explants were kept in MS medium containing 8.0 mg·L-1 of Picloram for the callus formation.Calluses were transferred in MS medium supplemented with sucrose,fructose and glucose（control,2%,4% and 6%）.Results show that Picloram induced the callogenesis in leaf sheath.The secondary embryogenesis was formed in yellow-globular callus.The sucrose as carbohydrate source in the absence of light was more efficient to induce rhizogenesis.Glucose was more efficiency in the presence of light.Callogenic induction and further embryogenesis evidenced the competence and determination of leaf sheath cells.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(1632014003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101148 and 31300177)
文摘Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biological potential of methanol and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts in seven species of family Poaceae.METHODS: Qualitative phytochemical tests were done by using standard protocols. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed via different assays and antimicrobial potential was observed via disc diffusion method. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using brine shrimps’ assay.RESULTS: Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols,steroids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins and coumarins in most of the plant extracts. Maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were observed in Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract and Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract along with significant number of total flavonoids and phenols contents. However, Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract and Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract showed minimum antioxidant as well as antimicrobial potential. Moreover, methanol extracts showed a cytotoxic effect with their effectiveness ranked Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract > Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata methanol extract > Stipagrostis plumosa methanol extract > Cenchrus ciliaris methanol extract > Panicum antidotale methanol extract. Similarly, n-hexane plant extracts revealed cytotoxic activity in decreasing order Cenchrus ciliaris n-hexane extract > Stipagrostis plumosa n-hexane extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata n-hexane extract > Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract > Panicum antidotale n-hexane extract > Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract respectively.CONCLUSION: Methanol extracts exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential which can be correlated to their medicinal values. The observed brine shrimp’s lethality of the plant extracts revealed the presence of potent cytotoxic components in these plants.
基金a part of the research project of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology,Ural Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences (№122021000092-9)
文摘The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.
