水下定位、导航与授时(positioning,navigation and timing,PNT)体系的建设是我国探索广袤海洋和建设海洋强国必由之路.水声授时技术是水下PNT体系中一项关键技术,为水下设备提供高精度时间基准,实现水下设备的时间同步.文章叙述了水声...水下定位、导航与授时(positioning,navigation and timing,PNT)体系的建设是我国探索广袤海洋和建设海洋强国必由之路.水声授时技术是水下PNT体系中一项关键技术,为水下设备提供高精度时间基准,实现水下设备的时间同步.文章叙述了水声授时技术的基本概念,介绍和分析了其在海洋科学、海洋资源开发、水声通信与组网、国防安全等领域的应用及重要性;总结梳理了该技术所面临的难点与研究现状;在此基础上,展望了水声授时及相关技术的未来发展趋势.展开更多
High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the speci...High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the specificity of massive unmanned aerial ve-hicle(UAV)flights and the complexity of low-altitude airspace traffic management impose stringent demand on the high-continuity,high-accuracy,real-time,and high-security PNT service.However,the current PNT service,which primarily relies on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Inertial Navigation System(MEMS INS),etc.,is completely inadequate to support the future needs of low-altitude economic development.In order to bridge the huge gap between existing capability and future demand,a three-layer PNT architecture based on the collaboration of space-based,air-based and ground-based PNT systems is proposed for low-altitude econ-omy.The space-based layer consists of high,medium even possible low orbit GNSS constellations,such as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),for high-precision,high-security absolute positioning and tim-ing.The air-based layer leverages inter-aircraft links for high-reliability dynamic relative positioning.The ground-based layer includes pseudolite network,as well as 5G-advanced(5G-A)/6G network,for more comprehensive coverage and real-time positioning.To this end,it is imperative to make breakthroughs in key technologies,from systems to airborne terminal,in-cluding but not limited to high-precision anti-jamming GNSS signal processing,high-reliability relative po-sitioning,real-time pseudolite positioning,and high-efficient multi-source information fusion at airborne terminal,etc.Due to the moderate redundancy,hetero-geneous mechanism,and multiple coverage from mul-tiple PNT systems,the proposed layered PNT archi-tecture possesses high robustness and resilient.Addi-tionally,the integration of INS,LiDAR and vision etc.perception technologies can significantly enhance the PNT capability.As a result,the proposed three-layer PNT architecture enable greater autonomy for low-altitude aircraft and intelligent traffic management for massive UAV operations,and promoting the safe and efficient development of the low-altitude economy.展开更多
文摘水下定位、导航与授时(positioning,navigation and timing,PNT)体系的建设是我国探索广袤海洋和建设海洋强国必由之路.水声授时技术是水下PNT体系中一项关键技术,为水下设备提供高精度时间基准,实现水下设备的时间同步.文章叙述了水声授时技术的基本概念,介绍和分析了其在海洋科学、海洋资源开发、水声通信与组网、国防安全等领域的应用及重要性;总结梳理了该技术所面临的难点与研究现状;在此基础上,展望了水声授时及相关技术的未来发展趋势.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFA0716600 and 2024ZD1300100in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42274018,42425401,62371029,62271285 and U2233217.
文摘High-performance positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)service is critical to the safe flight of low-altitude aircraft and the effective management of low altitude traffic.In low-altitude economic sce-narios,the specificity of massive unmanned aerial ve-hicle(UAV)flights and the complexity of low-altitude airspace traffic management impose stringent demand on the high-continuity,high-accuracy,real-time,and high-security PNT service.However,the current PNT service,which primarily relies on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Inertial Navigation System(MEMS INS),etc.,is completely inadequate to support the future needs of low-altitude economic development.In order to bridge the huge gap between existing capability and future demand,a three-layer PNT architecture based on the collaboration of space-based,air-based and ground-based PNT systems is proposed for low-altitude econ-omy.The space-based layer consists of high,medium even possible low orbit GNSS constellations,such as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),for high-precision,high-security absolute positioning and tim-ing.The air-based layer leverages inter-aircraft links for high-reliability dynamic relative positioning.The ground-based layer includes pseudolite network,as well as 5G-advanced(5G-A)/6G network,for more comprehensive coverage and real-time positioning.To this end,it is imperative to make breakthroughs in key technologies,from systems to airborne terminal,in-cluding but not limited to high-precision anti-jamming GNSS signal processing,high-reliability relative po-sitioning,real-time pseudolite positioning,and high-efficient multi-source information fusion at airborne terminal,etc.Due to the moderate redundancy,hetero-geneous mechanism,and multiple coverage from mul-tiple PNT systems,the proposed layered PNT archi-tecture possesses high robustness and resilient.Addi-tionally,the integration of INS,LiDAR and vision etc.perception technologies can significantly enhance the PNT capability.As a result,the proposed three-layer PNT architecture enable greater autonomy for low-altitude aircraft and intelligent traffic management for massive UAV operations,and promoting the safe and efficient development of the low-altitude economy.
