目的通过监测肾小球足细胞相关分子podocin和nephrin的mRNA比值(podocin mRNA:nephrin mRNA ratio,PNR)在大鼠糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)早期模型中的变化,并将其与尿白蛋白-肌酐比值(urinary albumin to creatinine ...目的通过监测肾小球足细胞相关分子podocin和nephrin的mRNA比值(podocin mRNA:nephrin mRNA ratio,PNR)在大鼠糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)早期模型中的变化,并将其与尿白蛋白-肌酐比值(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,U-ACR)对比,评价PNR作为DKD早期诊断指标的可行性;并比较缬沙坦和福辛普利钠对DKD的早期干预作用。方法采用尾静脉注射链脲霉素(streptozotocin,STZ)(60 mg/kg)建立DKD大鼠模型,监测对比PNR与U-ACR的早期变化,适时给予缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预;采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin staining,HE)染色观察肾小球结构形态,透射电子显微镜观察肾小球足细胞超微结构。结果造模后PNR在第9天达临界值(≥1),较U-ACR在第15天达临界值(≥30 mg/g)更早;造模后第9天给予缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预,发现其对U-ACR均有显著降低作用(P<0.05),且缬沙坦低剂量优于高剂量(P>0.05),而福辛普利钠高剂量优于低剂量(P>0.05);低剂量的缬沙坦和福辛普利钠均对PNR有明显降低作用(P<0.05),高剂量未见明显影响;缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预对肾小球结构及足细胞排布均具有一定的改善和维持作用。结论PNR较U-ACR更早变化,对大鼠DKD早期诊断具有一定的提示作用,缬沙坦和福辛普利钠早期干预对大鼠DKD有一定的治疗作用。展开更多
Low energy-storage density and inferior thermal stability are a long-term obstacle to the advancement of pulse power devices.Herein,these concerns are addressed by improving bandgap and fabricating polar nanoregions,a...Low energy-storage density and inferior thermal stability are a long-term obstacle to the advancement of pulse power devices.Herein,these concerns are addressed by improving bandgap and fabricating polar nanoregions,and the superior high efficiency of~86.7%,excellent thermal stability of~2%(31-160℃)and energy density of~6.8 J·cm^(-3)are achieved in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-La_(0.1)Sr_(0.8)TiO_(3)-δ-NaNbO_(3)ceramics.The high breakdown strength(460 kV·cm^(-1))is ascribed to the broadened bandgap and refined grain.Slim ferroelectric loops originate from the construction of polar nanoregions(PNRs)in a pseudocubic matrix,and transmission electron microscope and piezoelectric force microscope measurements reveal the occurrence of PNRs.The phase-field stimulation and UV-Vis spectrophotometer measurement reveal that the increased grain boundary density and bandgap are beneficial for promoting breakdown strength.The strategy provides an efficient path to prepare Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)La_(0.1)Sr_(0.8)TiO_(3)-δ-based ceramics with superior efficiency,high energy density and outstanding thermal stability.展开更多
High-entropy perovskite ferroelectric materials have attracted significant attention due to their remarkably low remnant polarizations and narrow hysteresis.Thus,these materials offer high-energy density and efficienc...High-entropy perovskite ferroelectric materials have attracted significant attention due to their remarkably low remnant polarizations and narrow hysteresis.Thus,these materials offer high-energy density and efficiency,making them suitable for energy storage applications.Despite significant advancements in experimental research,understanding of the properties associated with structure remains incomplete.This study aims to study the structural,electric,and mechanical performances at various scales of the high-entropy(Na_(0.2)Bi_(0.2)Ca_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Ba_(0.2))TiO_(3)(NBCSB)material.The results of first-principles calculations indicated that the pseudo-intralayer distortion was obviously smaller compared to the interlayer distortion.Among the various bonds,Bi-O,Ca-O,and Na-O experienced the greatest displacement.Similarly,the hybridization between O 2p and Ti 3d states with Bi 6p states was particularly strong,affecting both the ferroelectric polarization and relaxor behavior.The NBCSB materials produced using a typical solid-state process demonstrated exceptional performance in energy storage with a recoverable density of 1.53 J·cm^(-3)and a high efficiency of 89%when subjected to a small electric field of 120 kV·cm^(-1).In addition,these ceramics displayed a remarkable hardness of around 7.23 GPa.NBCSB ceramics exhibited exceptional relaxation characteristics with minimal hysteresis and low remanent polarization due to its nanoscale high dynamic polarization configuration with diverse symmetries(rhombohedral,tetragonal,and cubic)resulting from randomly dispersed A-site ions.The excellent mechanical property is related to the dislocation-blocking effect,solid solution strengthening effect,and domain boundary effect.The findings of this study offer a comprehensive and novel perspective on A-site disordered high-entropy relaxor ferroelectric ceramics.展开更多
We demonstrate the photon-number resolution(PNR)capability of a 1.25 GHz gated InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiode(APD)that is equipped with a simple,low-distortion ultra-narrowband interference circuit for the ...We demonstrate the photon-number resolution(PNR)capability of a 1.25 GHz gated InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiode(APD)that is equipped with a simple,low-distortion ultra-narrowband interference circuit for the rejection of its background capacitive response.Through discriminating the avalanche current amplitude,we are able to resolve up to four detected photons in a single detection gate with a detection efficiency as high as 45%.The PNR capability is limited by the avalanche current saturation,and can be increased to five photons at a lower detection efficiency of 34%.The PNR capability,combined with high efficiency and low noise,will find applications in quantum information processing technique based on photonic qubits.展开更多
文摘目的通过监测肾小球足细胞相关分子podocin和nephrin的mRNA比值(podocin mRNA:nephrin mRNA ratio,PNR)在大鼠糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)早期模型中的变化,并将其与尿白蛋白-肌酐比值(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,U-ACR)对比,评价PNR作为DKD早期诊断指标的可行性;并比较缬沙坦和福辛普利钠对DKD的早期干预作用。方法采用尾静脉注射链脲霉素(streptozotocin,STZ)(60 mg/kg)建立DKD大鼠模型,监测对比PNR与U-ACR的早期变化,适时给予缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预;采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin staining,HE)染色观察肾小球结构形态,透射电子显微镜观察肾小球足细胞超微结构。结果造模后PNR在第9天达临界值(≥1),较U-ACR在第15天达临界值(≥30 mg/g)更早;造模后第9天给予缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预,发现其对U-ACR均有显著降低作用(P<0.05),且缬沙坦低剂量优于高剂量(P>0.05),而福辛普利钠高剂量优于低剂量(P>0.05);低剂量的缬沙坦和福辛普利钠均对PNR有明显降低作用(P<0.05),高剂量未见明显影响;缬沙坦和福辛普利钠干预对肾小球结构及足细胞排布均具有一定的改善和维持作用。结论PNR较U-ACR更早变化,对大鼠DKD早期诊断具有一定的提示作用,缬沙坦和福辛普利钠早期干预对大鼠DKD有一定的治疗作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12364015 and 52176072)the Five-Year Action Plan for Shccig-Qinling Program and Key Project of Hubei Province Key Research and Development Plan(No.2021BCA140)+4 种基金the Industry and Education Combination Innovation Platform of Intelligent Manufacturing and Graduate Joint Training Base at Guizhou University(No.2020-520000-83-01-324061)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2022YFF0706500)Guizhou University Natural Science Special(special post)Research Fund(No.(2023)17)Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Smart Services(No.2203-520102-04-04-298868)the Construction of Science and Technology Platform of Guiyang(No.[2023]7-3).
文摘Low energy-storage density and inferior thermal stability are a long-term obstacle to the advancement of pulse power devices.Herein,these concerns are addressed by improving bandgap and fabricating polar nanoregions,and the superior high efficiency of~86.7%,excellent thermal stability of~2%(31-160℃)and energy density of~6.8 J·cm^(-3)are achieved in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-La_(0.1)Sr_(0.8)TiO_(3)-δ-NaNbO_(3)ceramics.The high breakdown strength(460 kV·cm^(-1))is ascribed to the broadened bandgap and refined grain.Slim ferroelectric loops originate from the construction of polar nanoregions(PNRs)in a pseudocubic matrix,and transmission electron microscope and piezoelectric force microscope measurements reveal the occurrence of PNRs.The phase-field stimulation and UV-Vis spectrophotometer measurement reveal that the increased grain boundary density and bandgap are beneficial for promoting breakdown strength.The strategy provides an efficient path to prepare Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)La_(0.1)Sr_(0.8)TiO_(3)-δ-based ceramics with superior efficiency,high energy density and outstanding thermal stability.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation and Project of General Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Nos.2022A1515140002 and 2019GKQNCX127)the Special Innovation Projects of Department of Education’s of Guangdong Provincial(No.2018KTSCX220)+4 种基金the International Cooperation Project of Guangdong Province(No.2019A050510049)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Guangdong Province&Huizhou University(IRTHZU)Indigenous Innovation’s Capability Development Program of Huizhou University(No.HZU202014)the Open Project Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices,Huizhou University(No.EFMD2022015M)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12102068).
文摘High-entropy perovskite ferroelectric materials have attracted significant attention due to their remarkably low remnant polarizations and narrow hysteresis.Thus,these materials offer high-energy density and efficiency,making them suitable for energy storage applications.Despite significant advancements in experimental research,understanding of the properties associated with structure remains incomplete.This study aims to study the structural,electric,and mechanical performances at various scales of the high-entropy(Na_(0.2)Bi_(0.2)Ca_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Ba_(0.2))TiO_(3)(NBCSB)material.The results of first-principles calculations indicated that the pseudo-intralayer distortion was obviously smaller compared to the interlayer distortion.Among the various bonds,Bi-O,Ca-O,and Na-O experienced the greatest displacement.Similarly,the hybridization between O 2p and Ti 3d states with Bi 6p states was particularly strong,affecting both the ferroelectric polarization and relaxor behavior.The NBCSB materials produced using a typical solid-state process demonstrated exceptional performance in energy storage with a recoverable density of 1.53 J·cm^(-3)and a high efficiency of 89%when subjected to a small electric field of 120 kV·cm^(-1).In addition,these ceramics displayed a remarkable hardness of around 7.23 GPa.NBCSB ceramics exhibited exceptional relaxation characteristics with minimal hysteresis and low remanent polarization due to its nanoscale high dynamic polarization configuration with diverse symmetries(rhombohedral,tetragonal,and cubic)resulting from randomly dispersed A-site ions.The excellent mechanical property is related to the dislocation-blocking effect,solid solution strengthening effect,and domain boundary effect.The findings of this study offer a comprehensive and novel perspective on A-site disordered high-entropy relaxor ferroelectric ceramics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62250710162 and 12274406)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1405100).
文摘We demonstrate the photon-number resolution(PNR)capability of a 1.25 GHz gated InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiode(APD)that is equipped with a simple,low-distortion ultra-narrowband interference circuit for the rejection of its background capacitive response.Through discriminating the avalanche current amplitude,we are able to resolve up to four detected photons in a single detection gate with a detection efficiency as high as 45%.The PNR capability is limited by the avalanche current saturation,and can be increased to five photons at a lower detection efficiency of 34%.The PNR capability,combined with high efficiency and low noise,will find applications in quantum information processing technique based on photonic qubits.
