Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the ...Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.展开更多
针对变转速直升机摩擦离合传动对高可靠电液压力伺服控制技术的需求,基于A型半桥液阻回路和并联数字液压技术提出一种阵列数字阀控电液压力伺服结构。在深入分析系统工作原理基础上,建立其数学模型,揭示等值编码型阵列数字阀输出流量特...针对变转速直升机摩擦离合传动对高可靠电液压力伺服控制技术的需求,基于A型半桥液阻回路和并联数字液压技术提出一种阵列数字阀控电液压力伺服结构。在深入分析系统工作原理基础上,建立其数学模型,揭示等值编码型阵列数字阀输出流量特性。为进一步提高数字阀压力控制精度和使用寿命,提出一种融合非线性脉冲数量调制(Pulse number modulation,PNM)编码、非对称差动脉冲宽度调制(Pulse width modulation,PWM)、信号缓冲分配以及信号循环分配技术的混合编码控制策略。试验结果表明,当采用混合编码控制策略后,在跟踪恒定压力时的最大和平均误差相较于PNM编码控制器分别减少47.6%和87.9%,并且切换次数标准差相较于差动PWM控制器从31.6降至为2.5。因此所提出的混合编码控制策略可有效兼顾压力控制的高精度,以及阵列数字阀切换次数分布均匀性。展开更多
基于并联数字阀的数字流量控制单元(Digital flow control unit,DFCU)是数字液压系统的核心控制部件,在编码开关控制下DFCU开关组合数量随编码位数呈指数增加,面临控制计算量大、流量分辨率受限的问题。因此,提出等编码DFCU编码变换方法...基于并联数字阀的数字流量控制单元(Digital flow control unit,DFCU)是数字液压系统的核心控制部件,在编码开关控制下DFCU开关组合数量随编码位数呈指数增加,面临控制计算量大、流量分辨率受限的问题。因此,提出等编码DFCU编码变换方法,通过减少编码位数缩小最佳开关组合搜索空间,减少控制计算量,并设计基于代价函数的编码开关控制、脉冲宽度调制(Pulsewidthmodulation,PWM)及其组合的多种控制器,提高流量分辨率保证控制精度。基于高速开关阀静态特性测试,拟合得到其流量-占空比-压力三者之间数学模型。以7-bit高速开关阀组成的等编码DFCU作为研究对象,利用不同高速开关阀数量的组合控制,变换为4-bit裴波那契编码和3-bit二进制编码,并分析编码变换前后的脉冲数调制(Pulsenumber modulation,PNM)、脉码调制(Pulsecodemodulation,PCM)、PWM及复合控制器的流量输出特性。试验结果从控制精度、计算量、切换次数的对比表明,DFCU在编码开关控制方式下以较少的启闭次数可实现离散流量有级输出,编码构型变换后可有效减少计算量,切换次数与冲击略有增多;PWM控制可实现近似连续的流量输出,但压力脉动和切换次数远高于编码开关控制;变换后的编码开关与PWM复合控制不仅提高了流量控制精度,可以实现与PWM控制精度基本一致的流量输出,且切换次数远小于PWM控制方式并可以减少控制周期内的计算量。展开更多
Multiphase flow in low permeability porous media is involved in numerous energy and environmental applications.However,a complete description of this process is challenging due to the limited modeling scale and the ef...Multiphase flow in low permeability porous media is involved in numerous energy and environmental applications.However,a complete description of this process is challenging due to the limited modeling scale and the effects of complex pore structures and wettability.To address this issue,based on the digital rock of low permeability sandstone,a direct numerical simulation is performed considering the interphase drag and boundary slip to clarify the microscopic water-oil displacement process.In addition,a dual-porosity pore network model(PNM)is constructed to obtain the water-oil relative permeability of the sample.The displacement efficiency as a recovery process is assessed under different wetting and pore structure properties.Results show that microscopic displacement mechanisms explain the corresponding macroscopic relative permeability.The injected water breaks through the outlet earlier with a large mass flow,while thick oil films exist in rough hydrophobic surfaces and poorly connected pores.The variation of water-oil relative permeability is significant,and residual oil saturation is high in the oil-wet system.The flooding is extensive,and the residual oil is trapped in complex pore networks for hydrophilic pore surfaces;thus,water relative permeability is lower in the water-wet system.While the displacement efficiency is the worst in mixed-wetting systems for poor water connectivity.Microporosity negatively correlates with invading oil volume fraction due to strong capillary resistance,and a large microporosity corresponds to low residual oil saturation.This work provides insights into the water-oil flow from different modeling perspectives and helps to optimize the development plan for enhanced recovery.展开更多
Windows Vista旨在成为下一代连接平台,他对网络基础结构的改进,为建立安全而可靠的连接提供了基础,为一对一、一对多和多对多通信拓扑提供了随时随地的连接性。利用Windows Vista集成的PNRP(Peer Name Revolue Protocol)、PNM(People N...Windows Vista旨在成为下一代连接平台,他对网络基础结构的改进,为建立安全而可靠的连接提供了基础,为一对一、一对多和多对多通信拓扑提供了随时随地的连接性。利用Windows Vista集成的PNRP(Peer Name Revolue Protocol)、PNM(People Near Me)结合.NETFramework3.5新增加的System.Net.PeerToPeer命名空间,以及WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)引进的PeerChannel功能,可以方便的建立对等协作解决方案。展开更多
We present a detailed study of a superjunction （S J） nanoscale partially narrow mesa （PNM） insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT） structure. This structure is created by combining the nanoscale PNM structure a...We present a detailed study of a superjunction （S J） nanoscale partially narrow mesa （PNM） insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT） structure. This structure is created by combining the nanoscale PNM structure and the SJ structure together. It demonstrates an ultra-low saturation voltage （Vce（sat）） and low turn-off loss （Eoff） while maintaining other device parameters. Compared with the conventional 1.2 kV trench IGBT, our simulation result shows that the gce（sat） of this structure decreases to 0.94 V, which is close to the theoretical limit of 1.2 kV IGBT, Meanwhile, the fall time decreases from 109.7 ns to 12 ns and the Eoff is down to only 37% of that of the conventional structure. The superior tradeoff characteristic between Vce（sat） and Eoff is presented owing to the nanometer level mesa width and SJ structure. Moreover, the short circuit degeneration phenomenon in the very narrow mesa structure due to the collector-induced barriers lowering （CIBL） effect is not observed in this structure. Thus, enough short circuit ability can be achieved by using wide, floating P-well technique. Based on these structure advantages, the SJ-PNM-IGBT with nanoscale mesa width indicates a potentially superior overall performance towards the IGBT parameter limit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162026)the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202401AT070328)the Young Talents Project of“Xingdian Talent Support Program"in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-019).
文摘Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.
文摘针对变转速直升机摩擦离合传动对高可靠电液压力伺服控制技术的需求,基于A型半桥液阻回路和并联数字液压技术提出一种阵列数字阀控电液压力伺服结构。在深入分析系统工作原理基础上,建立其数学模型,揭示等值编码型阵列数字阀输出流量特性。为进一步提高数字阀压力控制精度和使用寿命,提出一种融合非线性脉冲数量调制(Pulse number modulation,PNM)编码、非对称差动脉冲宽度调制(Pulse width modulation,PWM)、信号缓冲分配以及信号循环分配技术的混合编码控制策略。试验结果表明,当采用混合编码控制策略后,在跟踪恒定压力时的最大和平均误差相较于PNM编码控制器分别减少47.6%和87.9%,并且切换次数标准差相较于差动PWM控制器从31.6降至为2.5。因此所提出的混合编码控制策略可有效兼顾压力控制的高精度,以及阵列数字阀切换次数分布均匀性。
文摘基于并联数字阀的数字流量控制单元(Digital flow control unit,DFCU)是数字液压系统的核心控制部件,在编码开关控制下DFCU开关组合数量随编码位数呈指数增加,面临控制计算量大、流量分辨率受限的问题。因此,提出等编码DFCU编码变换方法,通过减少编码位数缩小最佳开关组合搜索空间,减少控制计算量,并设计基于代价函数的编码开关控制、脉冲宽度调制(Pulsewidthmodulation,PWM)及其组合的多种控制器,提高流量分辨率保证控制精度。基于高速开关阀静态特性测试,拟合得到其流量-占空比-压力三者之间数学模型。以7-bit高速开关阀组成的等编码DFCU作为研究对象,利用不同高速开关阀数量的组合控制,变换为4-bit裴波那契编码和3-bit二进制编码,并分析编码变换前后的脉冲数调制(Pulsenumber modulation,PNM)、脉码调制(Pulsecodemodulation,PCM)、PWM及复合控制器的流量输出特性。试验结果从控制精度、计算量、切换次数的对比表明,DFCU在编码开关控制方式下以较少的启闭次数可实现离散流量有级输出,编码构型变换后可有效减少计算量,切换次数与冲击略有增多;PWM控制可实现近似连续的流量输出,但压力脉动和切换次数远高于编码开关控制;变换后的编码开关与PWM复合控制不仅提高了流量控制精度,可以实现与PWM控制精度基本一致的流量输出,且切换次数远小于PWM控制方式并可以减少控制周期内的计算量。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172159)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462023XKBH002).
文摘Multiphase flow in low permeability porous media is involved in numerous energy and environmental applications.However,a complete description of this process is challenging due to the limited modeling scale and the effects of complex pore structures and wettability.To address this issue,based on the digital rock of low permeability sandstone,a direct numerical simulation is performed considering the interphase drag and boundary slip to clarify the microscopic water-oil displacement process.In addition,a dual-porosity pore network model(PNM)is constructed to obtain the water-oil relative permeability of the sample.The displacement efficiency as a recovery process is assessed under different wetting and pore structure properties.Results show that microscopic displacement mechanisms explain the corresponding macroscopic relative permeability.The injected water breaks through the outlet earlier with a large mass flow,while thick oil films exist in rough hydrophobic surfaces and poorly connected pores.The variation of water-oil relative permeability is significant,and residual oil saturation is high in the oil-wet system.The flooding is extensive,and the residual oil is trapped in complex pore networks for hydrophilic pore surfaces;thus,water relative permeability is lower in the water-wet system.While the displacement efficiency is the worst in mixed-wetting systems for poor water connectivity.Microporosity negatively correlates with invading oil volume fraction due to strong capillary resistance,and a large microporosity corresponds to low residual oil saturation.This work provides insights into the water-oil flow from different modeling perspectives and helps to optimize the development plan for enhanced recovery.
文摘Windows Vista旨在成为下一代连接平台,他对网络基础结构的改进,为建立安全而可靠的连接提供了基础,为一对一、一对多和多对多通信拓扑提供了随时随地的连接性。利用Windows Vista集成的PNRP(Peer Name Revolue Protocol)、PNM(People Near Me)结合.NETFramework3.5新增加的System.Net.PeerToPeer命名空间,以及WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)引进的PeerChannel功能,可以方便的建立对等协作解决方案。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61404161)
文摘We present a detailed study of a superjunction （S J） nanoscale partially narrow mesa （PNM） insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT） structure. This structure is created by combining the nanoscale PNM structure and the SJ structure together. It demonstrates an ultra-low saturation voltage （Vce（sat）） and low turn-off loss （Eoff） while maintaining other device parameters. Compared with the conventional 1.2 kV trench IGBT, our simulation result shows that the gce（sat） of this structure decreases to 0.94 V, which is close to the theoretical limit of 1.2 kV IGBT, Meanwhile, the fall time decreases from 109.7 ns to 12 ns and the Eoff is down to only 37% of that of the conventional structure. The superior tradeoff characteristic between Vce（sat） and Eoff is presented owing to the nanometer level mesa width and SJ structure. Moreover, the short circuit degeneration phenomenon in the very narrow mesa structure due to the collector-induced barriers lowering （CIBL） effect is not observed in this structure. Thus, enough short circuit ability can be achieved by using wide, floating P-well technique. Based on these structure advantages, the SJ-PNM-IGBT with nanoscale mesa width indicates a potentially superior overall performance towards the IGBT parameter limit.
