The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) and Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrices in the electroweak sector are now well-known experimentally. However, there have been only a few proposals to derive these matric...The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) and Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrices in the electroweak sector are now well-known experimentally. However, there have been only a few proposals to derive these matrices from an underlying theory. In this note, these matrices are derived from example scalar wavefunctions associated with a permutationally symmetric mass matrix with three states for each of the four fermion families. Such a mass matrix is consistent with an anomaly-free quantum field theory for the 4 fermion families. The derivation uses three-dimensional gaussian wavefunctions with specified widths and specified separations between the 3 wells implied by the theory. This approach first fits the diagonal elements of the matrices. A fourth element is then estimated from the properties of the scalar fields in the aforementioned model. Unitarity is then applied to compute the remaining matrix elements. The example calculations produce matrices that have a normalized root-mean-square error (RMSE) from the measured matrix of 6.09 × 10−4 and 8.34 × 10−3 for the CKM and PMNS matrices, respectively. The normalized RMSE for departure from unitarity is 9.18 × 10−4 and 8.95 × 10−3 for the two respective matrices. The results are within one standard deviation of almost all of the measured parameters for both matrices. The primary objective of this paper is to show that the matrices can be fit accurately in the context of at least one anomaly-free quantum field theory.展开更多
Investigating the CKM matrix in different parameterization schemes, it is noticed that those schemes can be divided into a few groups where the sine values of the CP phase for each group are approximately equal i.e. t...Investigating the CKM matrix in different parameterization schemes, it is noticed that those schemes can be divided into a few groups where the sine values of the CP phase for each group are approximately equal i.e. there exist several relations among the CP phases. Using those relations, several approximate equalities among the elements of CKM matrix are established. The case can also be generalized to the PMNS matrix for the lepton sector. Assuming them to be exact, there are infinite numbers of solutions and by choosing special values for the free parameters in those solutions, several textures presented in the literature are obtained. Other authors have derived several mixing textures by using presumed symmetries; amazingly, some, though not all, of their forms axe the same as those we obtained. This hints at the existence of a hidden symmetry which is broken in the practical world. Nature makes its own selection of the underlying symmetry and the way to break it, while we just guess what it is.展开更多
目的:研究重组人生长激素(rhG)对有(或)无H LPS刺激的离体培养中性粒细胞(PM N s)凋亡和存活的影响。方法:采健康人外周静脉血,血浆-Percoll不连续密度梯度离心法分离出PM N s,分为4组:对照组,rhG H(100ng/m L)组,LPS100ng/m L组,LPS100...目的:研究重组人生长激素(rhG)对有(或)无H LPS刺激的离体培养中性粒细胞(PM N s)凋亡和存活的影响。方法:采健康人外周静脉血,血浆-Percoll不连续密度梯度离心法分离出PM N s,分为4组:对照组,rhG H(100ng/m L)组,LPS100ng/m L组,LPS100ng/m L刺激1h后加rhG H100ng/m L组,离体培养3h和24h上流式细胞仪检测PM N s的凋亡(A nnexin V法)。结果:无LPS刺激状态下,rhG H可引起PM N s早期凋亡率减少、存活率增加,但不影响晚期凋亡/死亡率;有LPS刺激状态下,rhG H不影响PM N s早期凋亡率、晚期凋亡/死亡率和存活率,而且可能对LPS对PM N s刺激有一定阻抑作用。结论:无LPS刺激状态下,rhG H可延迟PM N s凋亡、增强PM N s活力;与LPS共同孵育时,rhG H不影响PM N s凋亡和活力,且对LPS对PM N s的刺激有一定阻抑的作用。展开更多
文摘The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) and Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrices in the electroweak sector are now well-known experimentally. However, there have been only a few proposals to derive these matrices from an underlying theory. In this note, these matrices are derived from example scalar wavefunctions associated with a permutationally symmetric mass matrix with three states for each of the four fermion families. Such a mass matrix is consistent with an anomaly-free quantum field theory for the 4 fermion families. The derivation uses three-dimensional gaussian wavefunctions with specified widths and specified separations between the 3 wells implied by the theory. This approach first fits the diagonal elements of the matrices. A fourth element is then estimated from the properties of the scalar fields in the aforementioned model. Unitarity is then applied to compute the remaining matrix elements. The example calculations produce matrices that have a normalized root-mean-square error (RMSE) from the measured matrix of 6.09 × 10−4 and 8.34 × 10−3 for the CKM and PMNS matrices, respectively. The normalized RMSE for departure from unitarity is 9.18 × 10−4 and 8.95 × 10−3 for the two respective matrices. The results are within one standard deviation of almost all of the measured parameters for both matrices. The primary objective of this paper is to show that the matrices can be fit accurately in the context of at least one anomaly-free quantum field theory.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375128,11135009)
文摘Investigating the CKM matrix in different parameterization schemes, it is noticed that those schemes can be divided into a few groups where the sine values of the CP phase for each group are approximately equal i.e. there exist several relations among the CP phases. Using those relations, several approximate equalities among the elements of CKM matrix are established. The case can also be generalized to the PMNS matrix for the lepton sector. Assuming them to be exact, there are infinite numbers of solutions and by choosing special values for the free parameters in those solutions, several textures presented in the literature are obtained. Other authors have derived several mixing textures by using presumed symmetries; amazingly, some, though not all, of their forms axe the same as those we obtained. This hints at the existence of a hidden symmetry which is broken in the practical world. Nature makes its own selection of the underlying symmetry and the way to break it, while we just guess what it is.
文摘目的:研究重组人生长激素(rhG)对有(或)无H LPS刺激的离体培养中性粒细胞(PM N s)凋亡和存活的影响。方法:采健康人外周静脉血,血浆-Percoll不连续密度梯度离心法分离出PM N s,分为4组:对照组,rhG H(100ng/m L)组,LPS100ng/m L组,LPS100ng/m L刺激1h后加rhG H100ng/m L组,离体培养3h和24h上流式细胞仪检测PM N s的凋亡(A nnexin V法)。结果:无LPS刺激状态下,rhG H可引起PM N s早期凋亡率减少、存活率增加,但不影响晚期凋亡/死亡率;有LPS刺激状态下,rhG H不影响PM N s早期凋亡率、晚期凋亡/死亡率和存活率,而且可能对LPS对PM N s刺激有一定阻抑作用。结论:无LPS刺激状态下,rhG H可延迟PM N s凋亡、增强PM N s活力;与LPS共同孵育时,rhG H不影响PM N s凋亡和活力,且对LPS对PM N s的刺激有一定阻抑的作用。
