Two versions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model(CASFGOALS),version f3-L and g3,are used to simulate the two interglacial epochs of the mid-Holocene and the Last Inter...Two versions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model(CASFGOALS),version f3-L and g3,are used to simulate the two interglacial epochs of the mid-Holocene and the Last Interglacial in phase 4 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project(PMIP4),which aims to study the impact of changes in orbital parameters on the Earth’s climate.Following the PMIP4 experimental protocols,four simulations for the mid-Holocene and two simulations for the Last Interglacial have been completed,and all the data,including monthly and daily outputs for the atmospheric,oceanic,land and sea-ice components,have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node.These datasets contribute to PMIP4 and CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)by providing the variables necessary for the two interglacial periods.In this paper,the basic information of the CAS-FGOALS models and the protocols for the two interglacials are briefly described,and the datasets are validated using proxy records.Results suggest that the CAS-FGOALS models capture the large-scale changes in the climate system in response to changes in solar insolation during the interglacial epochs,including warming in mid-to-high latitudes,changes in the hydrological cycle,the seasonal variation in the extent of sea ice,and the damping of interannual variabilities in the tropical Pacific.Meanwhile,disagreements within and between the models and the proxy data are also presented.These datasets will help the modeling and the proxy data communities with a better understanding of model performance and biases in paleoclimate simulations.展开更多
Using all available simulations performed by climate models participating in PMIP4(Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project-Phase 4),the authors quantify the seasonality change of surface air temperature over Ch...Using all available simulations performed by climate models participating in PMIP4(Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project-Phase 4),the authors quantify the seasonality change of surface air temperature over China during the mid-Holocene(6000 years ago)and the associated physical mechanisms.Relative to the preindustrial period,all 16 models consistently show an enhanced temperature seasonality(i.e.,summer minus winter temperature)across China during that interglacial period,with a nationally averaged enhancement of 2.44 C or 9%for the multimodel mean.The temperature seasonality change is closely related with the seasonal contrast variation of surface energy fluxes mainly due to the mid-Holocene orbital forcing.Specifically,the summerwinter increase in surface net shortwave radiation dominates the intensified temperature seasonality at the large scale of China during the mid-Holocene;the surface net longwave radiation has a minor positive contribution in most of the Tibetan Plateau and eastern China;and both the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes show partial offset effects in most of the country.There are uncertainties in the reconstructed temperature seasonality over China during the mid-Holocene based on the proxy data that can reflect seasonal signals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41931181 and 42075048]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number 2022075]。
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences(Grant Nos.2016YFC1401401 and 2016YFC1401601)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA19060102 and XDB42000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.91958201,41530426,41576025,41576026,41776030,41931183,41976026 and 41376002).
文摘Two versions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model(CASFGOALS),version f3-L and g3,are used to simulate the two interglacial epochs of the mid-Holocene and the Last Interglacial in phase 4 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project(PMIP4),which aims to study the impact of changes in orbital parameters on the Earth’s climate.Following the PMIP4 experimental protocols,four simulations for the mid-Holocene and two simulations for the Last Interglacial have been completed,and all the data,including monthly and daily outputs for the atmospheric,oceanic,land and sea-ice components,have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node.These datasets contribute to PMIP4 and CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)by providing the variables necessary for the two interglacial periods.In this paper,the basic information of the CAS-FGOALS models and the protocols for the two interglacials are briefly described,and the datasets are validated using proxy records.Results suggest that the CAS-FGOALS models capture the large-scale changes in the climate system in response to changes in solar insolation during the interglacial epochs,including warming in mid-to-high latitudes,changes in the hydrological cycle,the seasonal variation in the extent of sea ice,and the damping of interannual variabilities in the tropical Pacific.Meanwhile,disagreements within and between the models and the proxy data are also presented.These datasets will help the modeling and the proxy data communities with a better understanding of model performance and biases in paleoclimate simulations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41931181 and 42075048]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number 2022075].
文摘Using all available simulations performed by climate models participating in PMIP4(Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project-Phase 4),the authors quantify the seasonality change of surface air temperature over China during the mid-Holocene(6000 years ago)and the associated physical mechanisms.Relative to the preindustrial period,all 16 models consistently show an enhanced temperature seasonality(i.e.,summer minus winter temperature)across China during that interglacial period,with a nationally averaged enhancement of 2.44 C or 9%for the multimodel mean.The temperature seasonality change is closely related with the seasonal contrast variation of surface energy fluxes mainly due to the mid-Holocene orbital forcing.Specifically,the summerwinter increase in surface net shortwave radiation dominates the intensified temperature seasonality at the large scale of China during the mid-Holocene;the surface net longwave radiation has a minor positive contribution in most of the Tibetan Plateau and eastern China;and both the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes show partial offset effects in most of the country.There are uncertainties in the reconstructed temperature seasonality over China during the mid-Holocene based on the proxy data that can reflect seasonal signals.
