在世界范围内，随着HIV感染者人数的迅速增加和陆续发病，不仅造成艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人（people living with HIV and AIDS，PLWHAs）的劳动能力急剧减弱，也使他们家庭的经济、生活陷入困境，在泰国治疗1例AIDS的医疗费用约为...在世界范围内，随着HIV感染者人数的迅速增加和陆续发病，不仅造成艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人（people living with HIV and AIDS，PLWHAs）的劳动能力急剧减弱，也使他们家庭的经济、生活陷入困境，在泰国治疗1例AIDS的医疗费用约为24344泰铢（约合1000美元），相当于每个家庭半年的总收入，而因此导致了51％的家庭采取了缩减开支的策略，在食物和饮料上的开支减少了42％，严重地影响了PLWHAs及其家庭成员的生活质量。研究表明，艾滋病的流行给一个国家和人民带来的灾难是毁灭性的。调查显示，1个PLWHAs造成的社会总的损失达13万元，以我国现有PLWHAs65万人计算，造成的经济损失接近1000亿元。这表明，艾滋病不仅仅是一个医学和公共卫生问题，也是一个社会问题和政治问题，是一个人类共同面对的问题，因此，针对PLWHAs开展关怀活动显得尤为重要。目前，PLWHAs的关怀支持工作已经涉及到越来越广泛的领域，包括社区关怀、医疗关怀、家庭关怀、自我关怀等诸多方面。展开更多
总结艾滋病流行现状、艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病患者(persons living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)对保护隐私权的需求以及现有法律对PLWHA权利、义务的规定。发现艾滋病流行控制效果不理想,PLWHA群体数量不断增长,其普遍存在焦虑、抑郁等心理...总结艾滋病流行现状、艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病患者(persons living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)对保护隐私权的需求以及现有法律对PLWHA权利、义务的规定。发现艾滋病流行控制效果不理想,PLWHA群体数量不断增长,其普遍存在焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,其面临的处境使他们更注重隐私权的保护。为了在有效控制艾滋病流行的前提下保护PLWHA的隐私权,提出将艾滋病防治工作与保护PLWHA的隐私权结合起来,社会应给予PLWHA群体更多的支持和关爱,同时加强全民艾滋病防护教育等对策。展开更多
PLWHA(Persons living with HIV/AIDS,艾滋病病毒感染者及病人)作为弱势群体的组成部分,集合了性工作者、吸毒人群、男男性接触人群、有偿供血人群等各类弱势群体,这种差异又体现在民族学、社会学、流行病学等学科对其进行的交叉和分类...PLWHA(Persons living with HIV/AIDS,艾滋病病毒感染者及病人)作为弱势群体的组成部分,集合了性工作者、吸毒人群、男男性接触人群、有偿供血人群等各类弱势群体,这种差异又体现在民族学、社会学、流行病学等学科对其进行的交叉和分类研究。而其群体复杂性和弱势性也决定了社会保障的研究也需要对其进行差异化分析。文章选取社会保障制度中的社会救助层面,在中国现有对PLWHA社会救助政策的基础上,将PLWHA对社会救助的需求进行区别研究,并提出改进建议。展开更多
Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palli...Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.展开更多
This study explored a novel systemic community-based model for detecting and manag-ing people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A quantitative qu...This study explored a novel systemic community-based model for detecting and manag-ing people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A quantitative questionnaire investigation was conducted in a sample of 1192 subjects which were randomly selected from two areas with high HIV prevalence, Xiangfan City and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, China. Twenty-two medical and health service staffs were inter-viewed by semi-structured questionnaire focusing on awareness, status, problems, and suggestions about community-based Voluntary Counseling and Testing and Provider Initiated Testing and Coun-seling (VCT/PITC). And they were organized to discuss about the aforementioned issues in Xiangfan City and Shiyan City, respectively. Our results showed that the accessibility and availability of the general VCT/PITC were bad. About 28.3% had known and only 4.9% had made use of VCT/PITC. Developing community-based VCT/PITC had some special advantages that can overcome some ex-isting problems to remedy the aforementioned defects. We are led to conclude that, to maximize the availability and uptake rate of the VCT/PITC, we plan to detect PLWHA by developing the commu-nity-based VCT/PITC through 4 paths. Then we establish the community HIV health care center con-stituted of 8 sectors to provide an overall management. Thus, we can effectively detect and manage the PLWHA with a new systemic community-based model.展开更多
This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are present...This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to examine RBM programme＇s efforts at controlling malaria among PLWHA and explore their perception of the control strategies. The study was a descriptive survey involving guided interview...The purpose of the study was to examine RBM programme＇s efforts at controlling malaria among PLWHA and explore their perception of the control strategies. The study was a descriptive survey involving guided interviews of top managers of Roll Back Malaria （RBM） programme. A structured questionnaire was administered to 108 PLWHA attending an HIV/AIDS clinic in a secondary health facility in Calabar. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis revealed that RBM programme strategies include effective case management, promotion of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets （LLINs）, intermittent preventive treatment （IPT） and integrated vector management （IVM）. Complementary results showed that 104 （92%） admitted accessibility to malarial treatment. Although 83 （57.7%） of PLWHA have LLINs, only 63 （42.3%） use them. Majority of the respondents 89 （60%） have not heard of indoor/outdoor residual spraying （IRS）. How to get IRS services and lack of money to buy it were listed as a barrier to its use. Malarial treatment was accessible to PLWHA. The barriers to the use of ITN and IRS could be addressed through free distribution of odorless ITN and IRS to PLWHA. Higher rates of utilization of the products can be achieved through behavioural change communication.展开更多
Objective:To describe the pattern of admission-defining ailments and outcomes of care among people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) /acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(PLWHA) who presented for trea...Objective:To describe the pattern of admission-defining ailments and outcomes of care among people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) /acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(PLWHA) who presented for treatment at a tertiary health care institution in Nigeria.Methods:We reviewed the hospital records of all patients admitted for AIDS and AIDS-related illnesses at the University College Hospital,Ibadan, Nigeria,from January 2005 to January 2006.Results:Seventy-two PLWHA were admitted during the study period.There were 39 females(54.2%) and 33(45.8%) males.Sixty-seven(95%) PLWHA presented with AIDS.Only 12(17%) were already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy before admission.Forty -three patients(60%) commenced antiretroviral(ARV) therapy on admission.Thirty-three patients(46%) had pulmonary tuberculosis,10(14%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis,21(29.1%) had diarrhoea-related illnesses,20(28%) had anaemia,and nine(12.5%) presented with coma.Twenty-nine patients(40.3%) were discharged home,and 43(59.7%) died before discharge.Sixty-nine patients(95.6%) were judged to be indigent,and required financial support.The contributory causes of death included pulmonary tuberculosis in 21(48.8%),diarrhoeal diseases in five(11.6%),anaemia in five(11.6%),coma in nine(20.9%), and pneumonia in three(7.1%).Conclusion:Tuberculosis was the major admission-defining ailment among PLWHA.展开更多
文摘在世界范围内，随着HIV感染者人数的迅速增加和陆续发病，不仅造成艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人（people living with HIV and AIDS，PLWHAs）的劳动能力急剧减弱，也使他们家庭的经济、生活陷入困境，在泰国治疗1例AIDS的医疗费用约为24344泰铢（约合1000美元），相当于每个家庭半年的总收入，而因此导致了51％的家庭采取了缩减开支的策略，在食物和饮料上的开支减少了42％，严重地影响了PLWHAs及其家庭成员的生活质量。研究表明，艾滋病的流行给一个国家和人民带来的灾难是毁灭性的。调查显示，1个PLWHAs造成的社会总的损失达13万元，以我国现有PLWHAs65万人计算，造成的经济损失接近1000亿元。这表明，艾滋病不仅仅是一个医学和公共卫生问题，也是一个社会问题和政治问题，是一个人类共同面对的问题，因此，针对PLWHAs开展关怀活动显得尤为重要。目前，PLWHAs的关怀支持工作已经涉及到越来越广泛的领域，包括社区关怀、医疗关怀、家庭关怀、自我关怀等诸多方面。
文摘总结艾滋病流行现状、艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病患者(persons living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)对保护隐私权的需求以及现有法律对PLWHA权利、义务的规定。发现艾滋病流行控制效果不理想,PLWHA群体数量不断增长,其普遍存在焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,其面临的处境使他们更注重隐私权的保护。为了在有效控制艾滋病流行的前提下保护PLWHA的隐私权,提出将艾滋病防治工作与保护PLWHA的隐私权结合起来,社会应给予PLWHA群体更多的支持和关爱,同时加强全民艾滋病防护教育等对策。
文摘PLWHA(Persons living with HIV/AIDS,艾滋病病毒感染者及病人)作为弱势群体的组成部分,集合了性工作者、吸毒人群、男男性接触人群、有偿供血人群等各类弱势群体,这种差异又体现在民族学、社会学、流行病学等学科对其进行的交叉和分类研究。而其群体复杂性和弱势性也决定了社会保障的研究也需要对其进行差异化分析。文章选取社会保障制度中的社会救助层面,在中国现有对PLWHA社会救助政策的基础上,将PLWHA对社会救助的需求进行区别研究,并提出改进建议。
基金supported by the China Global Fund Round 3 and the China Multidisciplinary AIDS Prevention Training Program with NIH Research Grant #U2R TW06918-01funded by the Fogarty International Centre,the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health (China ICOHRTA, with Principal Investigator being Zun-You WU)
文摘Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.
基金supported by a grant from the Global Fund(No. 2008-NGS-26)
文摘This study explored a novel systemic community-based model for detecting and manag-ing people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A quantitative questionnaire investigation was conducted in a sample of 1192 subjects which were randomly selected from two areas with high HIV prevalence, Xiangfan City and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, China. Twenty-two medical and health service staffs were inter-viewed by semi-structured questionnaire focusing on awareness, status, problems, and suggestions about community-based Voluntary Counseling and Testing and Provider Initiated Testing and Coun-seling (VCT/PITC). And they were organized to discuss about the aforementioned issues in Xiangfan City and Shiyan City, respectively. Our results showed that the accessibility and availability of the general VCT/PITC were bad. About 28.3% had known and only 4.9% had made use of VCT/PITC. Developing community-based VCT/PITC had some special advantages that can overcome some ex-isting problems to remedy the aforementioned defects. We are led to conclude that, to maximize the availability and uptake rate of the VCT/PITC, we plan to detect PLWHA by developing the commu-nity-based VCT/PITC through 4 paths. Then we establish the community HIV health care center con-stituted of 8 sectors to provide an overall management. Thus, we can effectively detect and manage the PLWHA with a new systemic community-based model.
文摘This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.
文摘The purpose of the study was to examine RBM programme＇s efforts at controlling malaria among PLWHA and explore their perception of the control strategies. The study was a descriptive survey involving guided interviews of top managers of Roll Back Malaria （RBM） programme. A structured questionnaire was administered to 108 PLWHA attending an HIV/AIDS clinic in a secondary health facility in Calabar. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis revealed that RBM programme strategies include effective case management, promotion of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets （LLINs）, intermittent preventive treatment （IPT） and integrated vector management （IVM）. Complementary results showed that 104 （92%） admitted accessibility to malarial treatment. Although 83 （57.7%） of PLWHA have LLINs, only 63 （42.3%） use them. Majority of the respondents 89 （60%） have not heard of indoor/outdoor residual spraying （IRS）. How to get IRS services and lack of money to buy it were listed as a barrier to its use. Malarial treatment was accessible to PLWHA. The barriers to the use of ITN and IRS could be addressed through free distribution of odorless ITN and IRS to PLWHA. Higher rates of utilization of the products can be achieved through behavioural change communication.
文摘Objective:To describe the pattern of admission-defining ailments and outcomes of care among people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) /acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(PLWHA) who presented for treatment at a tertiary health care institution in Nigeria.Methods:We reviewed the hospital records of all patients admitted for AIDS and AIDS-related illnesses at the University College Hospital,Ibadan, Nigeria,from January 2005 to January 2006.Results:Seventy-two PLWHA were admitted during the study period.There were 39 females(54.2%) and 33(45.8%) males.Sixty-seven(95%) PLWHA presented with AIDS.Only 12(17%) were already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy before admission.Forty -three patients(60%) commenced antiretroviral(ARV) therapy on admission.Thirty-three patients(46%) had pulmonary tuberculosis,10(14%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis,21(29.1%) had diarrhoea-related illnesses,20(28%) had anaemia,and nine(12.5%) presented with coma.Twenty-nine patients(40.3%) were discharged home,and 43(59.7%) died before discharge.Sixty-nine patients(95.6%) were judged to be indigent,and required financial support.The contributory causes of death included pulmonary tuberculosis in 21(48.8%),diarrhoeal diseases in five(11.6%),anaemia in five(11.6%),coma in nine(20.9%), and pneumonia in three(7.1%).Conclusion:Tuberculosis was the major admission-defining ailment among PLWHA.
