Among orchids, Cymbidiums have got a very high demand in both cut flower and pot plant trade. In the present study the effect of some polysaccharides such as chitosan and NAG （n-acetyl-glucosamine） on organogenesis ...Among orchids, Cymbidiums have got a very high demand in both cut flower and pot plant trade. In the present study the effect of some polysaccharides such as chitosan and NAG （n-acetyl-glucosamine） on organogenesis in protocorm-like-bodies （PLBs） of C. insigne was studied. Synthetic phytohormones such as BA and TDZ （cytokinins） and NAA （auxin） were used for comparison. PLBs of C. insigne were explanted on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the single addition of chitosan and NAG, and the combination of BA （benzyladenine） and NAA （1-naphthaleneacetic acid） also with the combination of NAA and TDZ （thidiazuron） among different concentrations. Combination treatments of auxin and cytokinins, the highest percentage of PLBs formation was 73% and shoot formation was 67% when cultured on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L1 BA without NAA. Combination treatment of NAA and TDZ, the PLBs formation was 90% and shoot formation was 60% obtained from medium supplemented with 1.0 mg Lt of NAA ＋ 0.1 mg L^-1 TDZ. Single addition of chitosan and NAG with modified MS medium was more effective for new PLBs and shoot formation. The highest percentage of PLBs formation was 87% and shoot formation was 80% obtained from the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L^-1 chitosan. On the other hand, the PLBs formation rate reached 93% and shoot formation rate was 87% obtained from the medium supplemented with 0.01 mg L^-1 NAG. Application of polysaccharides to in vitro orchid PLBs allows developing new PLBs and shoot to form plantlet without synthetic phytohormones.展开更多
In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)...In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)is also used.If these diseases are not identified early,they can causemassive crop loss and thereby incur huge economic losses to the farmers in the agricultural domain and can impact the gross domestic product of the nation.This paper presents a hybrid approach for potato plant disease severity estimation and classification of diseased and healthy leaves,combining the strengths of classical image processing,computer vision,and deep learning.We propose a pipeline that initially employs OpenCV’s cv2 led color-based image segmentation to isolate and highlight diseased brown,yellowcolored lesions or regions and healthy green colored lesion areas associated with various potato leaf diseases.Adaptive Thresholding for illumination and texture feature extraction and U-Net Segmentation for mask refinement for severity estimation.It has a mathematical framework for quantifying the severity based on the spatial area distribution of these regions.This allows for both visual representation of the segmented regions in the form of overlay masks and quantification of distinct disease severity.We detail the implementation of the approach,including color space selection,segmentation strategies,mask creation,area calculation,and a potential mathematical model for severity calculation.Overlay masks generated are then used as input to a CBAM-EfficientNetB0 model,leveraging transfer learning for improved classification accuracy and efficiency.For the Plant Village dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.99,whereas the test loss is 0.02,respectively.For the Plant Doc dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.97,whereas the test loss is 0.06,respectively.Also,the CBAM attention mechanism model lays emphasis on relevant features within the lesions and overall image context.The results achieved with the Plant Village dataset are slightly better in comparison to the Plant Doc dataset.展开更多
文摘Among orchids, Cymbidiums have got a very high demand in both cut flower and pot plant trade. In the present study the effect of some polysaccharides such as chitosan and NAG （n-acetyl-glucosamine） on organogenesis in protocorm-like-bodies （PLBs） of C. insigne was studied. Synthetic phytohormones such as BA and TDZ （cytokinins） and NAA （auxin） were used for comparison. PLBs of C. insigne were explanted on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the single addition of chitosan and NAG, and the combination of BA （benzyladenine） and NAA （1-naphthaleneacetic acid） also with the combination of NAA and TDZ （thidiazuron） among different concentrations. Combination treatments of auxin and cytokinins, the highest percentage of PLBs formation was 73% and shoot formation was 67% when cultured on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L1 BA without NAA. Combination treatment of NAA and TDZ, the PLBs formation was 90% and shoot formation was 60% obtained from medium supplemented with 1.0 mg Lt of NAA ＋ 0.1 mg L^-1 TDZ. Single addition of chitosan and NAG with modified MS medium was more effective for new PLBs and shoot formation. The highest percentage of PLBs formation was 87% and shoot formation was 80% obtained from the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L^-1 chitosan. On the other hand, the PLBs formation rate reached 93% and shoot formation rate was 87% obtained from the medium supplemented with 0.01 mg L^-1 NAG. Application of polysaccharides to in vitro orchid PLBs allows developing new PLBs and shoot to form plantlet without synthetic phytohormones.
基金done under Department of Biotechnology(DBT)project titled“Application of Machine Learning for Hyperspectral Imaging and Remote Sensing aimed at Early Detection of Fungal Foliar Diseases and Bacterial Wilt Diseases in Potato Crop”,DBT/Reference.No.BT/PR45388/133/58/2022.
文摘In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)is also used.If these diseases are not identified early,they can causemassive crop loss and thereby incur huge economic losses to the farmers in the agricultural domain and can impact the gross domestic product of the nation.This paper presents a hybrid approach for potato plant disease severity estimation and classification of diseased and healthy leaves,combining the strengths of classical image processing,computer vision,and deep learning.We propose a pipeline that initially employs OpenCV’s cv2 led color-based image segmentation to isolate and highlight diseased brown,yellowcolored lesions or regions and healthy green colored lesion areas associated with various potato leaf diseases.Adaptive Thresholding for illumination and texture feature extraction and U-Net Segmentation for mask refinement for severity estimation.It has a mathematical framework for quantifying the severity based on the spatial area distribution of these regions.This allows for both visual representation of the segmented regions in the form of overlay masks and quantification of distinct disease severity.We detail the implementation of the approach,including color space selection,segmentation strategies,mask creation,area calculation,and a potential mathematical model for severity calculation.Overlay masks generated are then used as input to a CBAM-EfficientNetB0 model,leveraging transfer learning for improved classification accuracy and efficiency.For the Plant Village dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.99,whereas the test loss is 0.02,respectively.For the Plant Doc dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.97,whereas the test loss is 0.06,respectively.Also,the CBAM attention mechanism model lays emphasis on relevant features within the lesions and overall image context.The results achieved with the Plant Village dataset are slightly better in comparison to the Plant Doc dataset.
