For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved ...Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.展开更多
The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and ...The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and 19 bioclimatic variables were selected,and the environmental factors required for modeling were screened out by pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor(VIF)analysis.The potential suitable areas of Orchidaceae plants were predictat present and under different climate scenarios in 2090s by using geographic information system(GIS)and Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt).And then evaluated the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model using the AUC value,the TSS value and the Kappa value.The results showed that:1)The area under curve(AUC)values,true skill statistics(TSS)values and KAPPA values predicted by MaxEnt model were separately above 0.9,0.85 and 0.75.2)Under the climate scenario at present,the total suitable area of Orchidaceae plants was about 9.61×10^(6)km^(2),which was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province.Among them,the high-suitable area of Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen was the largest,the non-suitable area of Cypripedium guttatum Sw was the largest.3)Under different climate scenarios in 2090s,the total suitable area was slightly increasing(9.62×10^(6)km^(2)).Among them,Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen and Gastrodiae Rhizoma both showed the trend of expansion to the southwest,China,and the suitable areas expanded significantly.Comprehensive factor analysis showed that temperature and precipitation were the main bioclimatic variables of suitable areas distribution,and the low emission scenario(SSP 2-4.5)will be more conducive to the survival of Orchidaceae plants.展开更多
Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved i...Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.展开更多
Pricing competition between virtual power plants(VPPs)for distributed energy resources(DERs)is considered in this paper.Due to limited amount of DERs in one distributed area,VPPs have to compete for the rights to work...Pricing competition between virtual power plants(VPPs)for distributed energy resources(DERs)is considered in this paper.Due to limited amount of DERs in one distributed area,VPPs have to compete for the rights to work with DERs and then sell electricity from internal DERs in the wholesale market.To address this pricing problem,a Markov decision process(MDP)with continuous state and action spaces is formulated for the VPP to consider future rewards brought by contract statuses of DERs.Deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)algorithm is applied to solve the pricing problem in MDP form.To deal with the non-stationary environment in the training process brought by competing VPP,a fictitious adversary method is put forward in this paper to combine with DDPG algorithm for the first time.The proposed fictitious adversary method can help the VPP in finding competitive and robust pricing strategies under competition.Numerical results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed methodology in finding satisfying pricing strategies that consider competitor behavior and long-term values of DERs.展开更多
The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources(IBRs)and renewable energy resources poses significant challenges to the stability and controllability of modern power systems.Dynamic virtual power plants(DVPPs)h...The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources(IBRs)and renewable energy resources poses significant challenges to the stability and controllability of modern power systems.Dynamic virtual power plants(DVPPs)have emerged as a transformative solution for aggregating and controlling heterogeneously distributed energy resources(DERs)flexibly and dynamically.This paper presents a comprehensive review of DVPPs,covering their conceptual evolution—from microgrids to virtual power plants(VPPs)and fast-acting VPPs—culminating in the dynamic DVPP paradigm.This review explores key architectural frameworks,including grid-forming and grid-following roles,as well as AC/DC interfacing strategies.Emphasis is placed on secondary frequency and voltage control mechanisms,dynamic-based and market-based disaggregation,and control methodologies tailored to DERs.展开更多
Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin...Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied.A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered.This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles.This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application,genes involved in auxin signaling transduction,and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants.Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes.This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways.Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth,along with prospective research paths.展开更多
Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic effici...Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.展开更多
This paper suggests a way to improve teamwork and reduce uncertainties in operations by using a game theory approach involving multiple virtual power plants(VPP).A generalized credibility-based fuzzy chance constraint...This paper suggests a way to improve teamwork and reduce uncertainties in operations by using a game theory approach involving multiple virtual power plants(VPP).A generalized credibility-based fuzzy chance constraint programming approach is adopted to address uncertainties stemming from renewable generation and load demand within individual VPPs,while robust optimization techniques manage electricity and thermal price volatilities.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical Nash-Stackelberg game model is established across multiple VPPs.Within each VPP,a Stackelberg game resolves the strategic interaction between the operator and photovoltaic prosumers(PVP).Among VPPs,a cooperative Nash bargaining model coordinates alliance formation.The problem is decomposed into two subproblems:maximizing coalitional benefits,and allocating cooperative surpluses via payment bargaining,solved distributively using the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM).Case studies demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly enhances the economic efficiency and uncertainty resilience of multi-VPP alliances.展开更多
In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O com...In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O compounds).This investigation delved into the seasonal fluctuations of algae penetration and the production of T&O compounds within the treatment units of Reservoir Water Plant 1(W1)and River Water Plant 2(W2).The findings indicated that despite the application of the‘pre-oxidation,coagulation and sedimentation(PCS),sand filtration,and disinfection’process,certain robust-walled filamentous Cyanobacteria,Bacillariophyta species,and small Chlorophyta genera managed to bypass the filters.The leakage of algal cells during autumn at W1 was particularly striking,with a peak of 1,170,000 cells/L.The concurrent assessment of the potential for T&O compound formation revealed an alarming high potential for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)in the water leaving the plants,with concentrations soaring to 197.20 ng/L at W1 in autumn and 54.78 ng/L at W2 in summer.This underscores the significant capacity of residual algal cells to generate T&O compounds.Tracking the retention and penetration dynamics of algal cells across each drinking water treatment stage is crucial for surface water treatment facilities to develop effective operational and management strategies,thereby enhancing the safety and quality of drinking water for the end consumer.展开更多
Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of he...Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant specie...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.展开更多
To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational par...To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.展开更多
Reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions to address climate change is a global consensus,and municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWWTPs)should lead the way in low-carbon sustainable development.However,achieving efflue...Reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions to address climate change is a global consensus,and municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWWTPs)should lead the way in low-carbon sustainable development.However,achieving effluent discharge standards often requires considerable energy and chemical consumption during operation,resulting in significant carbon footprints.In this study,GHG emissions are systematically accounted for,and the driving factors of carbon footprint growth in China’s MWWTPs are explored.In 2020,a total of 41.9 million tonnes(Mt)of carbon dioxide equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)were released by the sector,with nearly two-thirds being indirect emissions resulting from energy and material usage.The intensity of electricity,carbon source,and phosphorus removing agent consumption increasingly influence carbon footprint growth over time.Through statistical inference,benchmarks for electricity and chemical consumption intensity are established across all MWWTPs under various operational conditions,and the potential for mitigation through more efficient energy and material utilization is calculated.The results suggest that many MWWTPs offer significant opportunities for emission reduction.Consequently,empirical decarbonization measures,including intelligent device control,optimization of aeration equipment,energy recovery initiatives,and other enhancements to improve operational and carbon efficiency,are recommended.展开更多
Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations ...Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.展开更多
Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inhere...Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inherent chemical constituents and exogenous hazardous contaminants have triggered widespread concerns about their efficacy and safety.Developing analytical methods for both active components and exogenous contaminants concealed in these samples is central to the quality evaluation,in which sample preparation is crucial.This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of standard sample preparation methods,microextraction techniques based on novel solvents and nanomaterials,and innovative integrated techniques from 2019.Accordingly,their merits and weaknesses were discussed by showing fruitful applications in identifying and quantifying active components in these plants.Further,successful applications for analyzing exogenous contaminants were prominently showcased,highlighting the management of pesticides,heavy metals,mycotoxins,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Finally,forthcoming trends in sample preparation techniques were delineated to illuminate the development and implementation of more advanced sample preparation technologies.展开更多
Beneath the soil,roots don’t just soak up water and nutrients-they actively recruit and organize their microbial companions.New research reveals how a tiny amino acid leak can shape underground communities,with impli...Beneath the soil,roots don’t just soak up water and nutrients-they actively recruit and organize their microbial companions.New research reveals how a tiny amino acid leak can shape underground communities,with implications for plant health and agriculture.展开更多
The effects of climatic warming on phyllosphere microbial communities remain uncertain.In this study,the effects of long-term(>10 years)experimental warming on phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communitie...The effects of climatic warming on phyllosphere microbial communities remain uncertain.In this study,the effects of long-term(>10 years)experimental warming on phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities of Carex alrofusca,Kobresia pygmaea,Potentilla bifurca and Stipa capillacea were examined in the northern Xizang.Overall,warming increased bacterialα-diversity,but reduced fungalα-diversity across the four host plants.Warming altered the bacterial and fungal community compositions mainly by increasing Actinobacteria,Firmicutes and pathotrophsaprotroph fungi,and reducing Basidiomycota and symbiotroph fungi across the four host plants.Warming increased the relative effect of the‘drift&others’process in the bacterial community,but reduced the relative effect of the‘dispersal limitation’process in the bacterial community and the relative effect of the‘homogeneous selection’process in the fungal community across the four host plants.The overall warming effects on the bacterial and fungal communities may be due to overall warming effects on temperature,leaf morphology structure and physicochemical properties,ecological processes of community assembly and topological parameters of species co-occurrence networks of bacteria and fungi.Warming altered the bacterial species co-occurrence network mainly by increasing the vertex,clustering coefficient and heterogeneity,while reducing the average path length and network diameter across host species.Warming altered the fungal species co-occurrence network mainly by increasing the network diameter and reducing the vertex across host species.Warming effects on bacterial and fungal communities varied among host plants,which may be due to the diverse responses to warming of plant height,leaf malondialdehyde,ecological processes of community assembly and topological parameters of species co-occurrence network.Therefore,warming can alter phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities of alpine plants.Such changes varied among host plants and may cause adverse effects on the host plants.展开更多
文摘For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
基金supported by the funding from Wuhan Institute of Technology to Dr.Siyue Li(Nos.24QD26 and 21QD02).
文摘Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.
基金funded by Project of Scientific Research Business Expenses of Provincial Scientific Research Institutes in Heilongjiang Province(No.CZKYF2023-1-B024)Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Dean Fund Project(No.YZ2022ZR02)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY100500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572023CT11).
文摘The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and 19 bioclimatic variables were selected,and the environmental factors required for modeling were screened out by pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor(VIF)analysis.The potential suitable areas of Orchidaceae plants were predictat present and under different climate scenarios in 2090s by using geographic information system(GIS)and Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt).And then evaluated the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model using the AUC value,the TSS value and the Kappa value.The results showed that:1)The area under curve(AUC)values,true skill statistics(TSS)values and KAPPA values predicted by MaxEnt model were separately above 0.9,0.85 and 0.75.2)Under the climate scenario at present,the total suitable area of Orchidaceae plants was about 9.61×10^(6)km^(2),which was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province.Among them,the high-suitable area of Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen was the largest,the non-suitable area of Cypripedium guttatum Sw was the largest.3)Under different climate scenarios in 2090s,the total suitable area was slightly increasing(9.62×10^(6)km^(2)).Among them,Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen and Gastrodiae Rhizoma both showed the trend of expansion to the southwest,China,and the suitable areas expanded significantly.Comprehensive factor analysis showed that temperature and precipitation were the main bioclimatic variables of suitable areas distribution,and the low emission scenario(SSP 2-4.5)will be more conducive to the survival of Orchidaceae plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072630,32372774,and U22A20499)the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-19-01A).
文摘Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB09060002020YFB0906005).
文摘Pricing competition between virtual power plants(VPPs)for distributed energy resources(DERs)is considered in this paper.Due to limited amount of DERs in one distributed area,VPPs have to compete for the rights to work with DERs and then sell electricity from internal DERs in the wholesale market.To address this pricing problem,a Markov decision process(MDP)with continuous state and action spaces is formulated for the VPP to consider future rewards brought by contract statuses of DERs.Deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)algorithm is applied to solve the pricing problem in MDP form.To deal with the non-stationary environment in the training process brought by competing VPP,a fictitious adversary method is put forward in this paper to combine with DDPG algorithm for the first time.The proposed fictitious adversary method can help the VPP in finding competitive and robust pricing strategies under competition.Numerical results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed methodology in finding satisfying pricing strategies that consider competitor behavior and long-term values of DERs.
文摘The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources(IBRs)and renewable energy resources poses significant challenges to the stability and controllability of modern power systems.Dynamic virtual power plants(DVPPs)have emerged as a transformative solution for aggregating and controlling heterogeneously distributed energy resources(DERs)flexibly and dynamically.This paper presents a comprehensive review of DVPPs,covering their conceptual evolution—from microgrids to virtual power plants(VPPs)and fast-acting VPPs—culminating in the dynamic DVPP paradigm.This review explores key architectural frameworks,including grid-forming and grid-following roles,as well as AC/DC interfacing strategies.Emphasis is placed on secondary frequency and voltage control mechanisms,dynamic-based and market-based disaggregation,and control methodologies tailored to DERs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.W2433051,32272663,32302520,and 32060655)National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023YFD2300800)+3 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(Grant No.202206010023)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Local Universities Joint Project(Grant No.202101BA070001-166)China Litchi and Longan Industry Technology Research System(CARS-32-08),Talent Introduction Project of Kunming University(Grant No.XJ20220003)Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Fund General Program(Grant No.202501AT070058).
文摘Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied.A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered.This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles.This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application,genes involved in auxin signaling transduction,and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants.Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes.This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways.Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth,along with prospective research paths.
基金funded by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province and was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Grant No.LJ222411632051)and(Grant No.LJKQZ2021085)Natural Science Foundation Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022-BS-222).
文摘Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC(Research on Distributed Cooperative Control of Virtual Power Plants Based on Hybrid Game)(5700-202418337A-2-1-ZX).
文摘This paper suggests a way to improve teamwork and reduce uncertainties in operations by using a game theory approach involving multiple virtual power plants(VPP).A generalized credibility-based fuzzy chance constraint programming approach is adopted to address uncertainties stemming from renewable generation and load demand within individual VPPs,while robust optimization techniques manage electricity and thermal price volatilities.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical Nash-Stackelberg game model is established across multiple VPPs.Within each VPP,a Stackelberg game resolves the strategic interaction between the operator and photovoltaic prosumers(PVP).Among VPPs,a cooperative Nash bargaining model coordinates alliance formation.The problem is decomposed into two subproblems:maximizing coalitional benefits,and allocating cooperative surpluses via payment bargaining,solved distributively using the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM).Case studies demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly enhances the economic efficiency and uncertainty resilience of multi-VPP alliances.
基金supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.2022ZDLSF06-08)Shaanxi Provincial Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team,China(No.2023-CX-TD-32)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research Projects of Education Department of Shaanxi Province,China(No.22JY035)the Project of Youth Talent Lift Program of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology,China(No.20230447).
文摘In the conventional water treatment process,algae have a propensity to breach the filter barriers and potentially seep into the water distribution system,leading to an elevation in taste and odor compounds(T&O compounds).This investigation delved into the seasonal fluctuations of algae penetration and the production of T&O compounds within the treatment units of Reservoir Water Plant 1(W1)and River Water Plant 2(W2).The findings indicated that despite the application of the‘pre-oxidation,coagulation and sedimentation(PCS),sand filtration,and disinfection’process,certain robust-walled filamentous Cyanobacteria,Bacillariophyta species,and small Chlorophyta genera managed to bypass the filters.The leakage of algal cells during autumn at W1 was particularly striking,with a peak of 1,170,000 cells/L.The concurrent assessment of the potential for T&O compound formation revealed an alarming high potential for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)in the water leaving the plants,with concentrations soaring to 197.20 ng/L at W1 in autumn and 54.78 ng/L at W2 in summer.This underscores the significant capacity of residual algal cells to generate T&O compounds.Tracking the retention and penetration dynamics of algal cells across each drinking water treatment stage is crucial for surface water treatment facilities to develop effective operational and management strategies,thereby enhancing the safety and quality of drinking water for the end consumer.
基金supported by the Major Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program,China([2024]027)the High-Level Innovative Talents Project of Guizhou Province,China(GCC[2023]014)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Tea Industry Technology System,China(GZCYCYJSTX-03)the Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group(HNKJ2022-H135)。
文摘Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.
基金supported by grants from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20050203)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan joint fund to support key projects(U1802232)the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202101BC070002)the Yunnan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-033)the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province(202005AB160005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program.
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.
文摘To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52200228 and 72022004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3200205 and 2022YFC3203704).
文摘Reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions to address climate change is a global consensus,and municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWWTPs)should lead the way in low-carbon sustainable development.However,achieving effluent discharge standards often requires considerable energy and chemical consumption during operation,resulting in significant carbon footprints.In this study,GHG emissions are systematically accounted for,and the driving factors of carbon footprint growth in China’s MWWTPs are explored.In 2020,a total of 41.9 million tonnes(Mt)of carbon dioxide equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)were released by the sector,with nearly two-thirds being indirect emissions resulting from energy and material usage.The intensity of electricity,carbon source,and phosphorus removing agent consumption increasingly influence carbon footprint growth over time.Through statistical inference,benchmarks for electricity and chemical consumption intensity are established across all MWWTPs under various operational conditions,and the potential for mitigation through more efficient energy and material utilization is calculated.The results suggest that many MWWTPs offer significant opportunities for emission reduction.Consequently,empirical decarbonization measures,including intelligent device control,optimization of aeration equipment,energy recovery initiatives,and other enhancements to improve operational and carbon efficiency,are recommended.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)grant number 525793193Prof.Stefan Eimer and Ms.Marion Basoglu at Goethe University for their assistance in TEM characterization+1 种基金Mr.Holger Schranz for his help in plant cultivation and maintenanceProf.Bruno M.Moerschbacher from the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology at the Münster University。
文摘Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81903794)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Grant Nos.:0031/2022/AGJ,0014/2022/ITP,005/2023/SKL and 001/2023/ALC)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.:2024A1515030214)Guangdong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Joint Research Special Fund(Grant No.:2023A0505020013)the Research Committee of the University of Macao(Grant Nos.:SRG2022-00035-ICMS,MYRG-CRG2022-00016-ICMS,MYRG2023-00205-ICMS,and MYRG2023-00234-ICMS-UMDF)。
文摘Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inherent chemical constituents and exogenous hazardous contaminants have triggered widespread concerns about their efficacy and safety.Developing analytical methods for both active components and exogenous contaminants concealed in these samples is central to the quality evaluation,in which sample preparation is crucial.This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of standard sample preparation methods,microextraction techniques based on novel solvents and nanomaterials,and innovative integrated techniques from 2019.Accordingly,their merits and weaknesses were discussed by showing fruitful applications in identifying and quantifying active components in these plants.Further,successful applications for analyzing exogenous contaminants were prominently showcased,highlighting the management of pesticides,heavy metals,mycotoxins,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Finally,forthcoming trends in sample preparation techniques were delineated to illuminate the development and implementation of more advanced sample preparation technologies.
文摘Beneath the soil,roots don’t just soak up water and nutrients-they actively recruit and organize their microbial companions.New research reveals how a tiny amino acid leak can shape underground communities,with implications for plant health and agriculture.
基金funded by the Pilot Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26050501)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020054)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600432)the Lhasa Science and Technology Plan Project,China(LSKJ202422)the Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Project,China(XZ202401JD0029)the Construction of Zhongba County Fixed Observation and Experiment Station of First Support System for Agriculture Green Development,China。
文摘The effects of climatic warming on phyllosphere microbial communities remain uncertain.In this study,the effects of long-term(>10 years)experimental warming on phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities of Carex alrofusca,Kobresia pygmaea,Potentilla bifurca and Stipa capillacea were examined in the northern Xizang.Overall,warming increased bacterialα-diversity,but reduced fungalα-diversity across the four host plants.Warming altered the bacterial and fungal community compositions mainly by increasing Actinobacteria,Firmicutes and pathotrophsaprotroph fungi,and reducing Basidiomycota and symbiotroph fungi across the four host plants.Warming increased the relative effect of the‘drift&others’process in the bacterial community,but reduced the relative effect of the‘dispersal limitation’process in the bacterial community and the relative effect of the‘homogeneous selection’process in the fungal community across the four host plants.The overall warming effects on the bacterial and fungal communities may be due to overall warming effects on temperature,leaf morphology structure and physicochemical properties,ecological processes of community assembly and topological parameters of species co-occurrence networks of bacteria and fungi.Warming altered the bacterial species co-occurrence network mainly by increasing the vertex,clustering coefficient and heterogeneity,while reducing the average path length and network diameter across host species.Warming altered the fungal species co-occurrence network mainly by increasing the network diameter and reducing the vertex across host species.Warming effects on bacterial and fungal communities varied among host plants,which may be due to the diverse responses to warming of plant height,leaf malondialdehyde,ecological processes of community assembly and topological parameters of species co-occurrence network.Therefore,warming can alter phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities of alpine plants.Such changes varied among host plants and may cause adverse effects on the host plants.
