Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical ...Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical studies of the contour following the seeder unit, the anti-block, the lateral and stratified the deep fertilizing, according to the design ideas of planting units integration and variable between-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm, the 2BZJ-3/4 precision planter matched with 18-32 hp tractors has been developed for the popularization of the narrow-row-flat-dense planting soybean technique by means of Virtual Prototyping （VP） technology.展开更多
The application of plastic mulch in the arid regions of northwest China has demonstrated significant advantages,making roller-type hole sowing on mulch a key agricultural trend.In order to enhance the performance of a...The application of plastic mulch in the arid regions of northwest China has demonstrated significant advantages,making roller-type hole sowing on mulch a key agricultural trend.In order to enhance the performance of a roller-type corn finger planter equipped with finger pickups.This study analyzed the motion patterns of corn seeds within the device and investigated the effects of control cam parameters,including pickup section,vibration section,pickup stroke angle,and torsion spring force,on seed-metering performance.Using DEM-MBD coupling technology,single-factor experiments and secondorder orthogonal rotational combination simulation experiments were conducted.The optimal parameter is that pickup section stroke angle is 78.98°,vibration section stroke angle is 20.07°,and a normal force is 2.99 N,which was validated through bench tests,achieving a seed-metering qualification rate of 93.86%,a missed seeding rate of 3.19%,and a reseeding rate of 2.95%.These results met the standards and agronomic requirements,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method.It provides a foundation for improving the precision and reliability of roller-type corn seed-metering devices.展开更多
The chassis frame of the self-propelled peanut seeder in hilly and mountainous areas is the main supporting structure of the entire machine,and its weight directly affects the operational performance of the seeder.The...The chassis frame of the self-propelled peanut seeder in hilly and mountainous areas is the main supporting structure of the entire machine,and its weight directly affects the operational performance of the seeder.Therefore,in response to the issues of structural heaviness,strength redundancy,and short endurance of the self-propelled peanut seeder in hilly and mountainous areas,this study aims to reduce the overall weight of the machine,conserve resources,and extend the seeder’s endurance time.The research focuses on the chassis frame of the self-propelled peanut seeder,utilizing SolidWorks for 3D modeling.A finite element model of the chassis frame is established using ANSYS Workbench,followed by modal analysis and static analysis under four different working conditions.Based on sensitivity analysis,design variables for the chassis frame are selected,and the response relationships between these design variables are simulated using the Latin Hypercube Design method combined with the Kriging approximation model.Finally,a multi-objective lightweight design is conducted based on the MOGA algorithm.The results indicate that the optimized chassis frame mass is reduced by 28.9%,while meeting the strength requirements.Field tests indicate that the plant spacing qualification rate is≥98%;the seeding depth operational performance is stable,with an average qualification rate of seeding depth≥90%.After lightweight design,the prototype structure is stable and the performance is reliable.The research results can provide reference and theoretical basis for the structural optimization and design of the walking chassis frame of self-propelled peanut planters in hilly and mountainous areas.展开更多
Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size d...Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size distribution of all soybeans in China.The structure and working principle of the vertical disc soybean seed-metering device were detailed,and the influence of the diameter of soybean on the working performance of the seed-metering device was analyzed through the software EDEM virtual simulation,so as to achieve the goal of covering the soybean seeds with all sizes by the minimum planter plate series as well as to obtain the most appropriate operating speed of each planter plate by optimization.For the planter plates with the hole diameter of 7,9,12,16 mm,the appropriate size ranges of sowing seeds are 4.5-6.0,6.0-8.0,8.0-10.5,10.5-13.0 mm,respectively,and the appropriate operating speeds are 9,8,7,6 km/h,respectively.The results show that this planter plate series can meet the requirements of seeding with all sizes of soybeans at the range of the most appropriate operating speed.The study method can provide a reference for design and optimization of precision planters.展开更多
No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no...No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no-till maize planters,and as a result,it is hard to obtain consistent planting depth,uniform emergence,and good passing ability at the same time.For the above reasons,a proper planting unit with a new type of depth-control mechanism was developed in this study.The mechanism consists of a single-side gauge wheel,a parallel four-bar linkage,a pair of double-disc opener,a V-shape press wheel and a depth regulator,which can adjust the planting depth from 30 mm to 90 mm to satisfy the agronomic requirement under different field conditions.Based on analysis and calculation,the width of gauge wheel was set to 50 mm while the length of parallel four-bar linkage was set to 350 mm.Field experiment was conducted and the results indicated that the newly designed planting unit with single-side gauge wheel performed well with regard to planting depth uniformity and anti-blocking ability.The planting depth uniformity and seed spacing quality were 95.45%and 91.90%,respectively,when the average height of stubble was 22.5 cm and residue amount was 0.64 kg/m^(2)in the field.It can satisfy the requirement of no-till maize planting on the cropland with residue and stubble in North China Plain.展开更多
Precision planters are more and more widely used for planting corn in China.Seed meters of conventional precision corn planters are usually driven by ground wheel and chain and sprocket system at present.Because of th...Precision planters are more and more widely used for planting corn in China.Seed meters of conventional precision corn planters are usually driven by ground wheel and chain and sprocket system at present.Because of the slippage of ground wheels and vibration of chains,planting accuracy cannot be ensured,especially at higher forward speed.To improve the planting performance of precision planters,a mechatronic driving system was designed and its field working performance was evaluated in this research.A two-row pneumatic precision planter was modified to allow simultaneously using two different driving systems,i.e,with one row unit equipped with the newly designed mechatronic driving system and the other row unit equipped with conventional mechanical driving system,and used for planting at three forward speeds(9,11 and 12 km/h)on no-tillage and rotary-tillage lands.The distances between adjacent seeds in each plot were measured and the indices of uniformity in seed spacing,quality of feeding index(QFI),missing-seeding index and precision index were analyzed.With the average 4.70%increase of QFI and 3.54%decrease of missing-seeding index,the mechatronic driving system performed better than the mechanical driving system both on no-tillage and rotary-tillage lands at each forward speed.The values of QFI,missing-seeding index and precision index of the mechatronic driving system on rotary-tillage land are comparable to those on no-tillage land,by contrast,these indices of the mechanical driving system on rotary-tillage land are significantly worse than those on no-tillage land.The result indicates that the mechatronic driving system can eliminate the effect of ground wheel slippage on planting quality and maintain the uniformity of seed distribution.Although the QFI,missing-seeding index and precision index become worse with the increase of forward speed,with the worst values of QFI of 89.93%,missing-seeding index of 5.08%and precision index of 18.92%at the highest forward speed of 12 km/h,the mechatronic driving system can reduce the effect of forward speed on planting accuracy effectively.The result indicates that planters equipped with the mechatronic driving system are suitable for high speed planting.As compared to the mechanical driving system,the advantage of the mechatronic driving system is more noticeable especially when the forward speed is more than 11 km/h.展开更多
Maize is the most important crop for food and widely used for industrial materials,leading to its increasing demand all over the world.Precision planting is the effective method to increase maize yield.To meet the agr...Maize is the most important crop for food and widely used for industrial materials,leading to its increasing demand all over the world.Precision planting is the effective method to increase maize yield.To meet the agronomic requirement of precision planting,different kinds of precision maize planters were developed.However,because of the difference of geographical environment,cropping system,farm scale and economic status among different countries,types of maize planters are various and the technologies involved are at different levels.This paper summarizes the precision maize planters currently available in the world and classifies them into four types:precision planters for tilled-land,minimum/no tilled-land,hilly&small land,and cold&arid land.Detailed characteristics have been provided for some typical precision planters and comparisons were made as to their suitability under particular working conditions.High-efficiency and high-accuracy are the main features of precision planters for tilled-land,while the ability to clean residue from seed rows and prevent planters to be blocked are the important function of precision planters for minimum/no tilled-land.To fit for hilly&small land,planters should be light-weighted and small-sized,and to warm up soil and keep moisture,planters for cold&arid land should be equipped with plastic-film mulching mechanism.Finally,developing trend of precision planting technology was analyzed and suggestions,including policy support and technical improvement,were made for developing countries to make suitable precision maize planters according to the local geographical conditions and cropping systems.展开更多
When sowing summer corn without tillage,it is necessary to ensure that the furrow opener is free from straw congestion and that the spacing of the sowing can be adjusted according to the breeds of corn and the preset ...When sowing summer corn without tillage,it is necessary to ensure that the furrow opener is free from straw congestion and that the spacing of the sowing can be adjusted according to the breeds of corn and the preset seeding rate per acre.On the basis of the structural features of newly developed no-tillage corn fertilizers,an intelligent fuzzy monitoring system for corn planters was developed in this study.The system facilitates automatic control of the spacing adjustment and the status monitor for the fertilizer tank,seed tank,and seeding orifice.According to the preset number of rows,line spacing,number of plants per acre,and seed germination rate,the control rate can be calculated through designing in surveillance software.The control rate is output to the fuzzy controller through the digital output module of the CAN bus.Fuzzy control is applied to the DC motor for stepless adjustment of the spacing.A system for video surveillance of the working status of a planter is developed for displaying a real-time video image of the planter operation and achieving an anti-congestion status monitoring of a no-tillage planting operation in a dusty environment.Through field trials,the detection accuracy was 91.4%.The seed-clogging fault-alarm accuracy was 96.0%.The entire system remained stable and reliable.展开更多
With the growing demand and working complexity of corn precision planter,it becomes more important to monitor the working performance through intelligent systems.A new fault monitoring system for corn precision plante...With the growing demand and working complexity of corn precision planter,it becomes more important to monitor the working performance through intelligent systems.A new fault monitoring system for corn precision planters was designed and tested.This system consisted of the information acquisition module,controller module,alarm module,input module and display module.A capacitive sensor was utilized to monitor the seed flow without changing the track of a precision planter.This system can monitor the whole sowing process of a seed-metering device in real-time.The sowing status,fault type and fault location can be displayed on liquid crystal display(LCD).Warning light on the LCD reminds the operator of abnormal conditions.Bench tests and field tests showed that the minimum monitoring accuracies of missing sowing and total sowing number were 92.11%and 94.28%,respectively,and the seed level sensor and the opener sensor worked well.This system can accurately prompt the seed-metering mechanism in real-time.展开更多
In the continuous annual wheat-corn cropping area of North China Plain,no-till planting that promotes soil conservation and crop yield while reducing operation cost has been gradually accepted by local farmers.However...In the continuous annual wheat-corn cropping area of North China Plain,no-till planting that promotes soil conservation and crop yield while reducing operation cost has been gradually accepted by local farmers.However,previous wheat residue is the main limiting factor affecting the performance of existing planters in placing seeds at uniform spacing and optimum depth in residue covered fields.In order to solve this problem,a kind of ground-wheel-driven row cleaner was designed,developed and mounted on row units of a four-row pneumatic precision planter.The planter has two adjacent row units equipped with the newly designed row cleaners and the other two adjacent row units equipped with the commonly used inactive row cleaners.This was used for planting at three forward speeds(4 km/h,6 km/h and 8 km/h)into half residue(HR)and whole residue(WR)plots.The amount of residue removal,seeding depth,emergence rate and indices of uniformity in seed spacing(missing-seeding index,quality of feeding index and precision index)were measured.The newly designed row cleaner performed better with regard to residue removal,with the average percentage of residue cleared as 63.0%compared to 40.3%for the inactive row cleaner.For the HR and WR plots,percentage of residue cleared of the newly designed row cleaner reached 57.1%and 68.9%respectively,suggesting that the newly designed row cleaner can work more effectively at high residue level.By contrast,with the percentage of residue cleared of the inactive row cleaner as 43.1%and 37.5%in HR and WR plots,suggesting that the inactive row cleaner just can work effectively under low residue condition.Values of missing-seeding index,QFI,precision index,coefficient of variation of depth and percent emergence for the newly designed row cleaner under whole residue level are comparable to those for the inactive row cleaner under half residue level.The result indicates that the effect of using the newly designed row cleaner is equal to that of reducing surface residue,and can help to maintain the uniformity of seed spacing and seeding depth.The newly designed row cleaner generally performed better at forward speed of 6 km/h,based on the distribution of seeds along rows and seeding depth uniformity.展开更多
Large high-speed corn precision planters can significantly improve seeding efficiency,but at present,there is no mature control technology in China.This study proposed a novel low-cost control system for large high-sp...Large high-speed corn precision planters can significantly improve seeding efficiency,but at present,there is no mature control technology in China.This study proposed a novel low-cost control system for large high-speed corn precision planters based on multiple technologies such as embedded systems,controller area network(CAN),global positioning system(GPS),and Android development technology.The developed control system provided excellent expansion capabilities of more than 40 planter rows.Functions such as monitoring the planter status,adjusting seed density,calculating planting-area were realized.Field experiments were performed under different GPS frequencies(fGPS),travel speeds,and seed spacings.Results showed that the working area relative error index(REI)and fGPS were negatively correlated,and the planter can achieve 0.84%error under the fGPS of 10 Hz.When the travel speed was 10 km/h or 12 km/h,the average quality index(QI),miss index(MI),and precision index(PI)were superior to 92.84%,5.80%,and 18.57%under each seed spacing,respectively,QI and MI had no significant difference under each seed spacing(p<0.05).For a travel speed of 14 km/h,indexes values reached the worst level at seed spacing of 20 cm,but still met the requirements of Chinese national standards.The total cost of the control system for a 12-row corn precision planter is only 17.07%of similar products from abroad.In summary,the developed control system can achieve preferable performance and costs much less than similar products obtained from abroad,which is suitable for promotion in China or other developing countries.展开更多
Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological agriculture.Field conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter performance.The pneumatic...Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological agriculture.Field conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter performance.The pneumatic planter was evaluated to determine the effect of three tillage levels(L1,L2,and L3)and four travel speeds(S1,S2,S3 and S4).The sowing uniformity of the planter was observed with respect to the horizontal distribution of seeds within a row and described by using the precision index(Ip),the multiple index(Imult),the miss-seeding index(Imiss)and the quality of feed index(Iqf).The results revealed that the tillage levels(L)and travel speed(S)had a significant effect(p<0.05)on dependent variables.The maximum Imiss(22.12%)was observed at L1 and S4 whereas the maximum Imult was observed at L1 and S1.The mean values of missing-,multi-,quality-feed and precision indices were 5.14%,5.833%,89.03%and 17.85%at L3,respectively.The mean values of multi-index 17.59%,14.44%,12.40%and 10.18%,quality feed index 74.07%,75.92%,75.74%and 74.07%and precision indices 21.47%,23.26%,25.51%and 28.53%were at S1,S2,S3 and S4,respectively.The study showed that maize could be seeding within an acceptable precise range by bed-type pneumatic planter subjected to the proper seedbed preparation level.展开更多
A no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing was designed according to the agronomic requirements of wide/narrow row farming mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.Due to the narrow spacing of the seeder unit,...A no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing was designed according to the agronomic requirements of wide/narrow row farming mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.Due to the narrow spacing of the seeder unit,a gear-tooth stalk cutting mechanism was designed in order to prevent residues from blocking the planter.The basic parameters,number and edge curve of the stalk cutting blade were designed and optimized.Three-factor and three-level combined orthogonal experiments were conducted using the factors of working speed(1.12 m/s,1.57 m/s and 2.02 m/s),tillage depth(75 mm,90 mm and 105 mm)and cutter spacing(15 mm,30 mm and 45 mm),which significantly affected stalk cutting rate and soil disturbance rate.The optimal combination is the working speed of 1.62 m/s,tillage depth of 92 mm and cutter spacing of 35 mm.Under this condition,the stalk cutting rate is more than 90%and soil disturbance rate is 7.5%-12.0%.The performance of the new no-tillage planter was tested by using the above parameters.The results showed that the no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing came up to the relevant national standards in China.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD11A05)National Soybean Industry Technology System
文摘Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical studies of the contour following the seeder unit, the anti-block, the lateral and stratified the deep fertilizing, according to the design ideas of planting units integration and variable between-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm, the 2BZJ-3/4 precision planter matched with 18-32 hp tractors has been developed for the popularization of the narrow-row-flat-dense planting soybean technique by means of Virtual Prototyping （VP） technology.
基金financially supported by the Fuxi Young Talent Cultivation Project of Gansu Agricultural University(Grant No.gaufx-05y02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52365030)The Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Gansu Agricultural University-Young Mentor Support Fund Project(Grant No.GAUQDFC-2024-06)。
文摘The application of plastic mulch in the arid regions of northwest China has demonstrated significant advantages,making roller-type hole sowing on mulch a key agricultural trend.In order to enhance the performance of a roller-type corn finger planter equipped with finger pickups.This study analyzed the motion patterns of corn seeds within the device and investigated the effects of control cam parameters,including pickup section,vibration section,pickup stroke angle,and torsion spring force,on seed-metering performance.Using DEM-MBD coupling technology,single-factor experiments and secondorder orthogonal rotational combination simulation experiments were conducted.The optimal parameter is that pickup section stroke angle is 78.98°,vibration section stroke angle is 20.07°,and a normal force is 2.99 N,which was validated through bench tests,achieving a seed-metering qualification rate of 93.86%,a missed seeding rate of 3.19%,and a reseeding rate of 2.95%.These results met the standards and agronomic requirements,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method.It provides a foundation for improving the precision and reliability of roller-type corn seed-metering devices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program Project(Grant No.2023YFD2001002)Shandong Peanut Industry Technology System(SDAIT-04-08).
文摘The chassis frame of the self-propelled peanut seeder in hilly and mountainous areas is the main supporting structure of the entire machine,and its weight directly affects the operational performance of the seeder.Therefore,in response to the issues of structural heaviness,strength redundancy,and short endurance of the self-propelled peanut seeder in hilly and mountainous areas,this study aims to reduce the overall weight of the machine,conserve resources,and extend the seeder’s endurance time.The research focuses on the chassis frame of the self-propelled peanut seeder,utilizing SolidWorks for 3D modeling.A finite element model of the chassis frame is established using ANSYS Workbench,followed by modal analysis and static analysis under four different working conditions.Based on sensitivity analysis,design variables for the chassis frame are selected,and the response relationships between these design variables are simulated using the Latin Hypercube Design method combined with the Kriging approximation model.Finally,a multi-objective lightweight design is conducted based on the MOGA algorithm.The results indicate that the optimized chassis frame mass is reduced by 28.9%,while meeting the strength requirements.Field tests indicate that the plant spacing qualification rate is≥98%;the seeding depth operational performance is stable,with an average qualification rate of seeding depth≥90%.After lightweight design,the prototype structure is stable and the performance is reliable.The research results can provide reference and theoretical basis for the structural optimization and design of the walking chassis frame of self-propelled peanut planters in hilly and mountainous areas.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(51275086).
文摘Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size distribution of all soybeans in China.The structure and working principle of the vertical disc soybean seed-metering device were detailed,and the influence of the diameter of soybean on the working performance of the seed-metering device was analyzed through the software EDEM virtual simulation,so as to achieve the goal of covering the soybean seeds with all sizes by the minimum planter plate series as well as to obtain the most appropriate operating speed of each planter plate by optimization.For the planter plates with the hole diameter of 7,9,12,16 mm,the appropriate size ranges of sowing seeds are 4.5-6.0,6.0-8.0,8.0-10.5,10.5-13.0 mm,respectively,and the appropriate operating speeds are 9,8,7,6 km/h,respectively.The results show that this planter plate series can meet the requirements of seeding with all sizes of soybeans at the range of the most appropriate operating speed.The study method can provide a reference for design and optimization of precision planters.
基金the supports of Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503117)National Industry System of Corn Technology(CARS-02)。
文摘No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no-till maize planters,and as a result,it is hard to obtain consistent planting depth,uniform emergence,and good passing ability at the same time.For the above reasons,a proper planting unit with a new type of depth-control mechanism was developed in this study.The mechanism consists of a single-side gauge wheel,a parallel four-bar linkage,a pair of double-disc opener,a V-shape press wheel and a depth regulator,which can adjust the planting depth from 30 mm to 90 mm to satisfy the agronomic requirement under different field conditions.Based on analysis and calculation,the width of gauge wheel was set to 50 mm while the length of parallel four-bar linkage was set to 350 mm.Field experiment was conducted and the results indicated that the newly designed planting unit with single-side gauge wheel performed well with regard to planting depth uniformity and anti-blocking ability.The planting depth uniformity and seed spacing quality were 95.45%and 91.90%,respectively,when the average height of stubble was 22.5 cm and residue amount was 0.64 kg/m^(2)in the field.It can satisfy the requirement of no-till maize planting on the cropland with residue and stubble in North China Plain.
基金This study was supported by the 948 Program(2014-S8)the National Science and Technology Research Program(2013BAD08B01-3)。
文摘Precision planters are more and more widely used for planting corn in China.Seed meters of conventional precision corn planters are usually driven by ground wheel and chain and sprocket system at present.Because of the slippage of ground wheels and vibration of chains,planting accuracy cannot be ensured,especially at higher forward speed.To improve the planting performance of precision planters,a mechatronic driving system was designed and its field working performance was evaluated in this research.A two-row pneumatic precision planter was modified to allow simultaneously using two different driving systems,i.e,with one row unit equipped with the newly designed mechatronic driving system and the other row unit equipped with conventional mechanical driving system,and used for planting at three forward speeds(9,11 and 12 km/h)on no-tillage and rotary-tillage lands.The distances between adjacent seeds in each plot were measured and the indices of uniformity in seed spacing,quality of feeding index(QFI),missing-seeding index and precision index were analyzed.With the average 4.70%increase of QFI and 3.54%decrease of missing-seeding index,the mechatronic driving system performed better than the mechanical driving system both on no-tillage and rotary-tillage lands at each forward speed.The values of QFI,missing-seeding index and precision index of the mechatronic driving system on rotary-tillage land are comparable to those on no-tillage land,by contrast,these indices of the mechanical driving system on rotary-tillage land are significantly worse than those on no-tillage land.The result indicates that the mechatronic driving system can eliminate the effect of ground wheel slippage on planting quality and maintain the uniformity of seed distribution.Although the QFI,missing-seeding index and precision index become worse with the increase of forward speed,with the worst values of QFI of 89.93%,missing-seeding index of 5.08%and precision index of 18.92%at the highest forward speed of 12 km/h,the mechatronic driving system can reduce the effect of forward speed on planting accuracy effectively.The result indicates that planters equipped with the mechatronic driving system are suitable for high speed planting.As compared to the mechanical driving system,the advantage of the mechatronic driving system is more noticeable especially when the forward speed is more than 11 km/h.
基金This study was supported by the National Industry System of Corn Technology(CARS-02)the Soil-Machine-Plant key laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture of China.
文摘Maize is the most important crop for food and widely used for industrial materials,leading to its increasing demand all over the world.Precision planting is the effective method to increase maize yield.To meet the agronomic requirement of precision planting,different kinds of precision maize planters were developed.However,because of the difference of geographical environment,cropping system,farm scale and economic status among different countries,types of maize planters are various and the technologies involved are at different levels.This paper summarizes the precision maize planters currently available in the world and classifies them into four types:precision planters for tilled-land,minimum/no tilled-land,hilly&small land,and cold&arid land.Detailed characteristics have been provided for some typical precision planters and comparisons were made as to their suitability under particular working conditions.High-efficiency and high-accuracy are the main features of precision planters for tilled-land,while the ability to clean residue from seed rows and prevent planters to be blocked are the important function of precision planters for minimum/no tilled-land.To fit for hilly&small land,planters should be light-weighted and small-sized,and to warm up soil and keep moisture,planters for cold&arid land should be equipped with plastic-film mulching mechanism.Finally,developing trend of precision planting technology was analyzed and suggestions,including policy support and technical improvement,were made for developing countries to make suitable precision maize planters according to the local geographical conditions and cropping systems.
基金This research was funded by Program Sub-topic of the National 12th Five-Year Plan Science and Technology Supporting Project(No.2011BAD20B09-02)Shandong Province Excellent Youth Scientists Research Reward Funding(No.BS2010NY014).
文摘When sowing summer corn without tillage,it is necessary to ensure that the furrow opener is free from straw congestion and that the spacing of the sowing can be adjusted according to the breeds of corn and the preset seeding rate per acre.On the basis of the structural features of newly developed no-tillage corn fertilizers,an intelligent fuzzy monitoring system for corn planters was developed in this study.The system facilitates automatic control of the spacing adjustment and the status monitor for the fertilizer tank,seed tank,and seeding orifice.According to the preset number of rows,line spacing,number of plants per acre,and seed germination rate,the control rate can be calculated through designing in surveillance software.The control rate is output to the fuzzy controller through the digital output module of the CAN bus.Fuzzy control is applied to the DC motor for stepless adjustment of the spacing.A system for video surveillance of the working status of a planter is developed for displaying a real-time video image of the planter operation and achieving an anti-congestion status monitoring of a no-tillage planting operation in a dusty environment.Through field trials,the detection accuracy was 91.4%.The seed-clogging fault-alarm accuracy was 96.0%.The entire system remained stable and reliable.
基金This paper is supported by two projects:the 12th Five Years National Science and Technology Support Plan Projects of China(No.2014BAD06B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31401284)。
文摘With the growing demand and working complexity of corn precision planter,it becomes more important to monitor the working performance through intelligent systems.A new fault monitoring system for corn precision planters was designed and tested.This system consisted of the information acquisition module,controller module,alarm module,input module and display module.A capacitive sensor was utilized to monitor the seed flow without changing the track of a precision planter.This system can monitor the whole sowing process of a seed-metering device in real-time.The sowing status,fault type and fault location can be displayed on liquid crystal display(LCD).Warning light on the LCD reminds the operator of abnormal conditions.Bench tests and field tests showed that the minimum monitoring accuracies of missing sowing and total sowing number were 92.11%and 94.28%,respectively,and the seed level sensor and the opener sensor worked well.This system can accurately prompt the seed-metering mechanism in real-time.
基金This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Research Program(2013BAD08B01-3)the Soil-Machine-Plant Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture of PR China.
文摘In the continuous annual wheat-corn cropping area of North China Plain,no-till planting that promotes soil conservation and crop yield while reducing operation cost has been gradually accepted by local farmers.However,previous wheat residue is the main limiting factor affecting the performance of existing planters in placing seeds at uniform spacing and optimum depth in residue covered fields.In order to solve this problem,a kind of ground-wheel-driven row cleaner was designed,developed and mounted on row units of a four-row pneumatic precision planter.The planter has two adjacent row units equipped with the newly designed row cleaners and the other two adjacent row units equipped with the commonly used inactive row cleaners.This was used for planting at three forward speeds(4 km/h,6 km/h and 8 km/h)into half residue(HR)and whole residue(WR)plots.The amount of residue removal,seeding depth,emergence rate and indices of uniformity in seed spacing(missing-seeding index,quality of feeding index and precision index)were measured.The newly designed row cleaner performed better with regard to residue removal,with the average percentage of residue cleared as 63.0%compared to 40.3%for the inactive row cleaner.For the HR and WR plots,percentage of residue cleared of the newly designed row cleaner reached 57.1%and 68.9%respectively,suggesting that the newly designed row cleaner can work more effectively at high residue level.By contrast,with the percentage of residue cleared of the inactive row cleaner as 43.1%and 37.5%in HR and WR plots,suggesting that the inactive row cleaner just can work effectively under low residue condition.Values of missing-seeding index,QFI,precision index,coefficient of variation of depth and percent emergence for the newly designed row cleaner under whole residue level are comparable to those for the inactive row cleaner under half residue level.The result indicates that the effect of using the newly designed row cleaner is equal to that of reducing surface residue,and can help to maintain the uniformity of seed spacing and seeding depth.The newly designed row cleaner generally performed better at forward speed of 6 km/h,based on the distribution of seeds along rows and seeding depth uniformity.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0700703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575515)the National Industry System of Corn Technology of China(CARS-02).
文摘Large high-speed corn precision planters can significantly improve seeding efficiency,but at present,there is no mature control technology in China.This study proposed a novel low-cost control system for large high-speed corn precision planters based on multiple technologies such as embedded systems,controller area network(CAN),global positioning system(GPS),and Android development technology.The developed control system provided excellent expansion capabilities of more than 40 planter rows.Functions such as monitoring the planter status,adjusting seed density,calculating planting-area were realized.Field experiments were performed under different GPS frequencies(fGPS),travel speeds,and seed spacings.Results showed that the working area relative error index(REI)and fGPS were negatively correlated,and the planter can achieve 0.84%error under the fGPS of 10 Hz.When the travel speed was 10 km/h or 12 km/h,the average quality index(QI),miss index(MI),and precision index(PI)were superior to 92.84%,5.80%,and 18.57%under each seed spacing,respectively,QI and MI had no significant difference under each seed spacing(p<0.05).For a travel speed of 14 km/h,indexes values reached the worst level at seed spacing of 20 cm,but still met the requirements of Chinese national standards.The total cost of the control system for a 12-row corn precision planter is only 17.07%of similar products from abroad.In summary,the developed control system can achieve preferable performance and costs much less than similar products obtained from abroad,which is suitable for promotion in China or other developing countries.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was supported by the Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2016YFD0200708)Key Research and Development Project(Modern Agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2020328,BE2017354)and the Funded Project by Bahauddin Zakariya University,Multan(DR&EL/D-740 dated 11-10-2017),Pakistan.
文摘Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological agriculture.Field conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter performance.The pneumatic planter was evaluated to determine the effect of three tillage levels(L1,L2,and L3)and four travel speeds(S1,S2,S3 and S4).The sowing uniformity of the planter was observed with respect to the horizontal distribution of seeds within a row and described by using the precision index(Ip),the multiple index(Imult),the miss-seeding index(Imiss)and the quality of feed index(Iqf).The results revealed that the tillage levels(L)and travel speed(S)had a significant effect(p<0.05)on dependent variables.The maximum Imiss(22.12%)was observed at L1 and S4 whereas the maximum Imult was observed at L1 and S1.The mean values of missing-,multi-,quality-feed and precision indices were 5.14%,5.833%,89.03%and 17.85%at L3,respectively.The mean values of multi-index 17.59%,14.44%,12.40%and 10.18%,quality feed index 74.07%,75.92%,75.74%and 74.07%and precision indices 21.47%,23.26%,25.51%and 28.53%were at S1,S2,S3 and S4,respectively.The study showed that maize could be seeding within an acceptable precise range by bed-type pneumatic planter subjected to the proper seedbed preparation level.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Project of China(No.2016YFD070030201)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20160441004SC)。
文摘A no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing was designed according to the agronomic requirements of wide/narrow row farming mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.Due to the narrow spacing of the seeder unit,a gear-tooth stalk cutting mechanism was designed in order to prevent residues from blocking the planter.The basic parameters,number and edge curve of the stalk cutting blade were designed and optimized.Three-factor and three-level combined orthogonal experiments were conducted using the factors of working speed(1.12 m/s,1.57 m/s and 2.02 m/s),tillage depth(75 mm,90 mm and 105 mm)and cutter spacing(15 mm,30 mm and 45 mm),which significantly affected stalk cutting rate and soil disturbance rate.The optimal combination is the working speed of 1.62 m/s,tillage depth of 92 mm and cutter spacing of 35 mm.Under this condition,the stalk cutting rate is more than 90%and soil disturbance rate is 7.5%-12.0%.The performance of the new no-tillage planter was tested by using the above parameters.The results showed that the no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing came up to the relevant national standards in China.
